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Okpalauwaekwe U, Holinaty C, Smith-Windsor T, Barton JW, MacLean C. From field of dreams to back to the future? Exploring barriers to participating in continuing professional development (CPD) programs. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:106. [PMID: 38302979 PMCID: PMC10835933 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2009, Yvonne Steinert et al., at McGill University, published a study exploring barriers to faculty development (FD) participation among urban faculty. Over a decade later, we set out to replicate and expand on that study to learn what has changed in continued professional development (CPD) and what the current barriers are to participation in CPD for specialists and family physicians in rural and urban locations. METHODS Informed by a collaborative inquiry research framework, we invited faculty across rural and urban Saskatchewan to focus groups and interview sessions. The results were analyzed for themes. RESULTS Thirty-four faculty members from both rural and urban areas participated in this study. Of these, 50% were female, 74% practiced in urban areas, and 56% had over 20 years of experience. Frequently cited reasons for nonparticipation included time constraints, organizational and logistical challenges, poor resonance with material and presenters, and lack of recognition for teaching provided. Racism contributed to feelings of disconnectedness among physician faculty members. CONCLUSION Even after more than a decade, our research uncovered consistent reasons for nonparticipation in locally organized CPD events. New findings highlighted feelings of disconnectedness, notably stemming from racism and workplace discrimination. However, with recent societal developments brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, can we ride these major waves of change to a new future of engagement? The pandemic led to a shift to virtual and hybrid professional development programs, presenting both benefits and challenges. Additionally, the peri-COVID anti-racism movement may positively address previously unidentified reasons for nonattendance. Harnessing these major changes could lead to a new future of engagement for continued professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoka Okpalauwaekwe
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7M 3Y5, Canada.
| | - Carla Holinaty
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7M 3Y5, Canada
| | - Tom Smith-Windsor
- College of Medicine, Victoria Hospital, Prince Albert, SK, S6V 5T4, Canada
| | - James W Barton
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Cathy MacLean
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7M 3Y5, Canada.
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Johnston A, Malhi R, Cofie N, Jokic R, Goertzen J, Smith-Windsor T, Makwarimba E, Girouard MH, Badcock S, Bell A. Currencies of recognition: What rewards and recognition do Canadian distributed medical education preceptors value? MedEdPublish 2022; 12:12. [PMID: 36168527 PMCID: PMC9370089 DOI: 10.12688/mep.17540.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medical schools spend considerable time, effort, and money on recognition initiatives for rural and distributed medical education (DME) faculty. Previous literature has focused on intrinsic motivation to teach and there is little in the literature to guide institutional recognition efforts or to predict which items or types of recognition will be most appreciated. Methods: To better understand how rural and DME faculty in Canada value different forms of recognition, we asked faculty members from all Canadian medical schools to complete a bilingual, national online survey evaluating their perceptions of currently offered rewards and recognition. The survey received a robust response in both English and French, across nine Canadian provinces and one territory. Results: Our results indicated that there were three distinct ways that preceptors looked at recognition; these perspectives were consistent across geographic and demographic variables. These “clusters” or “currencies of recognition” included: i) Formal institutional recognition, ii) connections, growth and development, and iii) tokens of gratitude. Financial recognition was also found to be important but separate from the three clusters. Some preceptors did value support of intrinsic motivation most important, and for others extrinsic motivators, or a mix of both was most valued. Conclusions: Study results will help medical schools make effective choices in efforts to find impactful ways to recognize rural and DME faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Johnston
- Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Rebecca Malhi
- Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Cofie
- Professional Development and Educational Scholarship, Queen's University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 0E9, Canada
| | - Ruzica Jokic
- Distributed Medical Education, Queen's University, School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 0E9, Canada
| | - James Goertzen
- Continuing Education and Professional Development, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Tom Smith-Windsor
- Distributed Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, S6V 5T4, Canada
| | - Edward Makwarimba
- Office of Rural and Regional Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Girouard
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G8Z 4E3, Canada
| | - Sandra Badcock
- Distributed Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Amanda Bell
- Niagara Regional Campus, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Saxena A, Lawrence K, Desanghere L, Smith-Windsor T, White G, Florizone D, McGartland S, Stobart K. Challenges, success factors and pitfalls: implementation of distributed medical education. Med Educ 2018; 52:1167-1177. [PMID: 30345665 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are only a few descriptive reports on the implementation of distributed medical education (DME) and these provide accounts of successful implementation from the senior leadership perspective. In Saskatchewan, over a period of 4 years (2010-2014), four family medicine residency sites were established and two additional sites could not be developed. The aim of this study was to identify challenges, success factors and pitfalls in DME implementation based upon experiences of multiple stakeholders with both successful and unsuccessful outcomes. METHODS Data were obtained through document analysis (n = 64, spanning 2009-2016; perspectives of government, senior leadership, management and learners), focus groups of management and operations personnel (n = 10) and interviews of senior leaders (n = 4). Challenges and success factors were ascertained through categorisation. Iterative coding guided by three sensitising frameworks was used to determine themes in organisational dynamics. RESULTS Both challenges and success factors included contextual variables, governance, inter- and intra-organisational relationships (most common success factor), resources (most common challenge), the learning environment and pedagogy. Management and operations were only a challenge. Organisational themes affecting the outcome and the pitfalls included the pace of development across multiple sites, collaborative governance, continuity in senior leadership, operations alignment and reconciliation of competing goals. CONCLUSIONS Emerging opportunities for DME can be leveraged through collaborative governance, aligned operations and resolution of competing goals, even in constrained contexts, to translate political will into success; however, there are pitfalls that need to be avoided. Our findings based upon multi-stakeholder perspectives add to the body of knowledge on deployment, carefully considering the conditions for success and associated pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Saxena
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kathy Lawrence
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Loni Desanghere
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Gill White
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Dan Florizone
- Johnson Shoyama School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Kent Stobart
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Smith-Windsor T. President's message. Advancing rural medicine. Can J Rural Med 2018; 23:37. [PMID: 29547378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Smith-Windsor T. President's message. Patient-centred care? Can J Rural Med 2017; 22:6. [PMID: 28234601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Lespérance S, Miller K, Dworkin R, Smith-Windsor T. Maternal morbidity and perinatal outcomes in rural versus urban areas. CMAJ 2016; 188:1261-1262. [PMID: 27920108 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.1150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lespérance
- Chair, Society of Rural Physicians of Canada Maternal & Newborn Care Committee; Clinical Assistant Professor, Memorial University of Newfoundland; Interim Site Director, NunaFam Family Medicine Residency Stream, Iqaluit, Nunavut
| | - Katherine Miller
- Past Chair, Society of Rural Physicians of Canada Maternal & Newborn Care Committee; Clinical Assistant Professor, McMaster University, Guelph, and Listowel, Ont
| | - Rochelle Dworkin
- Adjunct Professor, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; Site Director, Hanover Rural Family Medicine Program; Chief of Obstetrics, Hanover and District Hospital; Rural representative, Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada Family Practice Advisory Committee, Hanover, Ont
| | - Tom Smith-Windsor
- President, Society of Rural Physicians of Canada, Prince Albert, Sask
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Smith-Windsor T. [Message du président. L'urbanisation des soins médicaux]. Can J Rural Med 2016; 21:66. [PMID: 27386912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Smith-Windsor T. [Message du président. Du berceau au tombeau]. Can J Rural Med 2016; 21:94. [PMID: 27627208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Smith-Windsor T. President's message. The urbanization of medical care. Can J Rural Med 2016; 21:65. [PMID: 27386911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Smith-Windsor T. President's message. Cradle to grave. Can J Rural Med 2016; 21:93. [PMID: 27627207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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