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Erdem JS, Závodná T, Ervik TK, Skare Ø, Hron T, Anmarkrud KH, Kuśnierczyk A, Catalán J, Ellingsen DG, Topinka J, Zienolddiny-Narui S. High aspect ratio nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization is mediated by changes in miRNA levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111123. [PMID: 36776851 PMCID: PMC9911541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhalation of nanomaterials may induce inflammation in the lung which if left unresolved can manifest in pulmonary fibrosis. In these processes, alveolar macrophages have an essential role and timely modulation of the macrophage phenotype is imperative in the onset and resolution of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate, the immunomodulating properties of two industrially relevant high aspect ratio nanomaterials, namely nanocellulose and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in an alveolar macrophage model. Methods MH-S alveolar macrophages were exposed at air-liquid interface to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and two MWCNT (NM-400 and NM-401). Following exposure, changes in macrophage polarization markers and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Furthermore, the potential contribution of epigenetic regulation in nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization was investigated by assessing changes in epigenetic regulatory enzymes, miRNAs, and rRNA modifications. Results Our data illustrate that the investigated nanomaterials trigger phenotypic changes in alveolar macrophages, where CNF exposure leads to enhanced M1 phenotype and MWCNT promotes M2 phenotype. Furthermore, MWCNT exposure induced more prominent epigenetic regulatory events with changes in the expression of histone modification and DNA methylation enzymes as well as in miRNA transcript levels. MWCNT-enhanced changes in the macrophage phenotype were correlated with prominent downregulation of the histone methyltransferases Kmt2a and Smyd5 and histone deacetylases Hdac4, Hdac9 and Sirt1 indicating that both histone methylation and acetylation events may be critical in the Th2 responses to MWCNT. Furthermore, MWCNT as well as CNF exposure led to altered miRNA levels, where miR-155-5p, miR-16-1-3p, miR-25-3p, and miR-27a-5p were significantly regulated by both materials. PANTHER pathway analysis of the identified miRNA targets showed that both materials affected growth factor (PDGF, EGF and FGF), Ras/MAPKs, CCKR, GnRH-R, integrin, and endothelin signaling pathways. These pathways are important in inflammation or in the activation, polarization, migration, and regulation of phagocytic capacity of macrophages. In addition, pathways involved in interleukin, WNT and TGFB signaling were highly enriched following MWCNT exposure. Conclusion Together, these data support the importance of macrophage phenotypic changes in the onset and resolution of inflammation and identify epigenetic patterns in macrophages which may be critical in nanomaterial-induced inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin Erdem
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Johanna Samulin Erdem,
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility and St. Olavs Hospital Central Staff, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Catalán
- Department of Work Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Ervik TK, Eriksen Hammer S, Notø H, Ellingsen DG, Thomassen Y, Weinbruch S, Benker N, Berlinger B. Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter in a cement production plant. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2022; 24:1243-1256. [PMID: 35875923 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Employees working in cement production plants are exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM) which may lead to lung function impairments and airway symptoms. The PM consists of raw materials, clinker and additives which vary depending on cement blend. The aim of this work was to characterize the thoracic fraction of PM with regard to size, phase composition and mixing state. Both stationary and personal impactors were used to collect size-fractionated samples in a cement production plant in Norway. Stationary samples were measured with aerosol particle counters and collected with a 13-stage cascade impactor, which were stationed at three locations of the cement production plant: at the raw meal mill, clinker conveyor belt and cement mill. Sioutas cascade impactors, and thoracic and respirable dust samplers were used in parallel for personal sampling. Additionally, particles for electron microscopy were collected with the stationary cascade impactor for size-fractionated single particle characterization. Gravimetric measurements and element compositions of the samples from the stationary impactors show that the PM mass is dominated by calcium-rich particles of size >1 μm. The size distribution results of stationary and personal impactors were similar. Characterization of single particles reveals that limestone is the dominating material in the raw meal mill, whereas clinker and limestone dominate at the clinker conveyor belt and at the cement mill. The element composition of clinker PM did not change with particle size. The PM collected on impactor stages with aerodynamic diameter cut-offs below 0.56 μm was dominated by soot and volatile secondary particles at the three locations. The number of ultrafine particles of the cement related compounds was low. Air concentrations of PM in personal respirable and thoracic samples ranged from 0.14-10 mg m-3 to 0.37-9.5 mg m-3, respectively. Considerable local variations exist, both in composition and air concentration of the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn K Ervik
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Hilde Notø
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dag G Ellingsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yngvar Thomassen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stephan Weinbruch
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway.
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, D-64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Benker
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, D-64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Balazs Berlinger
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway.
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Camassa LMA, Ervik TK, Zegeye FD, Mdala I, Valen H, Ansteinssond V, Zienolddiny-Narui S. Corrigendum to "Characterization and toxicity evaluation of air-borne particles released by grinding from two dental resin composites in vitro" [Dent Mater 37 (7) (2021) 1121-33]. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1564. [PMID: 35907752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L M A Camassa
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - T K Ervik
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F D Zegeye
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Mdala
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway; Oral Health Centres of Expertise in Eastern Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Camassa LMA, Ervik TK, Zegeye FD, Mdala I, Valen H, Ansteinsson V, Zienolddiny S. Characterization and toxicity evaluation of air-borne particles released by grinding from two dental resin composites in vitro. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1121-1133. [PMID: 33846018 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The project aims to evaluate whether inhalation of particles released upon grinding of dental composites may pose a health hazard to dentists. The main objective of the study was to characterize the dust from polymer-based dental composites ground with different grain sized burs and investigate particle uptake and the potential cytotoxic effects in human bronchial cells. METHODS Polymerized blocks of two dental composites, Filtek™ Z250 and Filtek™ Z500 from 3M™ ESPE, were ground with super coarse (black) and fine (red) burs inside a glass chamber. Ultrafine airborne dust concentration and particle size distribution was measured real-time during grinding with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Filter-collected airborne particles were characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC-3KT) were exposed to the dusts in dose-effect experiments. Toxicity was measured with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cell counting kit-8 (CCK8). Cellular uptake was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Airborne ultrafine particles showed that most particles were in the size range 15-35 nm (SMPS). SEM analysis proved that more than 80% of the particles have a minimum Feret diameter less than 1 μm. In solution (DLS), the particles have larger diameters and tend to agglomerate. Cell toxicity (LDH, CCK8) is shown after 48 h and 72 h exposure times and at the highest doses. TEM showed presence of the particles within the cell cytoplasm. SIGNIFICANCE Prolonged and frequent exposure through inhalation may have negative health implications for dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M A Camassa
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - T K Ervik
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F D Zegeye
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Mdala
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Oral Health Centres of Expertise in Eastern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Ansteinsson
- Oral Health Centres of Expertise in Eastern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Zienolddiny
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Ljunggren SA, Karlsson H, Ståhlbom B, Krapi B, Fornander L, Karlsson LE, Bergström B, Nordenberg E, Ervik TK, Graff P. Biomonitoring of Metal Exposure During Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing). Saf Health Work 2019; 10:518-526. [PMID: 31890335 PMCID: PMC6933169 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding new technology involving challenges to occupational health. Here, metal exposure in an AM facility with large-scale metallic component production was investigated during two consecutive years with preventive actions in between. Methods Gravimetric analyzes measured airborne particle concentrations, and filters were analyzed for metal content. In addition, concentrations of airborne particles <300 nm were investigated. Particles from recycled powder were characterized. Biomonitoring of urine and dermal contamination among AM operators, office personnel, and welders was performed. Results Total and inhalable dust levels were almost all below occupational exposure limits, but inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that AM operators had a significant increase in cobalt exposure compared with welders. Airborne particle concentrations (<300 nm) showed transient peaks in the AM facility but were lower than those of the welding facility. Particle characterization of recycled powder showed fragmentation and condensates enriched in volatile metals. Biomonitoring showed a nonsignificant increase in the level of metals in urine in AM operators. Dermal cobalt and a trend for increasing urine metals during Workweek Year 1, but not in Year 2, indicated reduced exposure after preventive actions. Conclusion Gravimetric analyses showed low total and inhalable dust exposure in AM operators. However, transient emission of smaller particles constitutes exposure risks. Preventive actions implemented by the company reduced the workers' metal exposure despite unchanged emissions of particles, indicating a need for careful design and regulation of the AM environments. It also emphasizes the need for relevant exposure markers and biomonitoring of health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bengt Ståhlbom
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Blerim Krapi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Louise Fornander
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lovisa E Karlsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Region Örebro County, Sweden
| | - Bernt Bergström
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Region Örebro County, Sweden
| | | | | | - Pål Graff
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Samulin Erdem J, Alswady-Hoff M, Ervik TK, Skare Ø, Ellingsen DG, Zienolddiny S. Cellulose nanocrystals modulate alveolar macrophage phenotype and phagocytic function. Biomaterials 2019; 203:31-42. [PMID: 30851491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a promising bio-nanomaterial with attractive properties suitable for multiple industrial applications. The increased use of nanocellulose may lead to occupational exposure and negative health outcomes. However, knowledge on its health effects is limited, and while nanocellulose exposure may induce acute inflammatory responses in the lung, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Alveolar macrophages are key cells in alveolar particle clearance. Their activation and function may be affected by various particles. Here, we investigated the uptake of pristine cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and their effects on alveolar macrophage polarization and biological function. CNC uptake enhanced the secretion of several cytokines but did not on its own induce a complete macrophage polarization. In presence of macrophage activators, such as LPS/IFNG and IL4/IL13, CNC exposure enhanced the expression of M1 phenotype markers and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, while decreasing M2 markers. CNC exposure also affected the function of activated alveolar macrophages resulting in a prominent cytokine burst and altered phagocytic activity. In conclusion, CNC exposure may result in dysregulation of macrophage activation and function that are critical in inflammatory responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Kießling FM, Ervik TK, Søiland AK, Henriksen BR. Coating Roughness Effects on the Defect Structure of mc-Si and its Comparison to High-Performance mc-Si. Crystal Research and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201700272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Kießling
- Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth; Max-Born-Str. 2 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Torunn K. Ervik
- Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth; Max-Born-Str. 2 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Anne-Karin Søiland
- Elkem Solar AS; Fiskåveien 100, 8040 Vågsbygd N-4675 Kristiansand Norway
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