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Marôco JL, Szymanski LM, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Exercise testing unmasks exaggerated blood pressure independent of fibrinolytic response in Black but not White postmenopausal females. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1053-H1059. [PMID: 38334975 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00023.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Exercise testing unmasks more exaggerated systolic blood pressure responses (SBP) in Black compared with White male adults. Such responses, if translatable to females, may detect racial disparities particularly relevant during menopause. Given the endothelial involvement in BP regulation and as a source of fibrinolytic markers, it follows that fibrinolytic and BP response to exercise could be linked. Thus, we examined BP and fibrinolytic responses to exercise testing in Black and White postmenopausal females. Postmenopausal females (Black = 40; White = 41; 51-70 yr) performed maximal treadmill exercise. BP and blood draws were conducted before and immediately after exercise. Plasma samples, using minimal stasis, were analyzed for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity and antigen, respectively. Resting SBP and fibrinolytic potential were similar between races. Black females exhibited greater increases in SBP during exercise [change (d)=75, 95% CI: 64-86 mmHg, P < 0.001] than White females (d = 60, 95% CI: 48-71 mmHg, P < 0.001). Black compared with White females had smaller changes in tPA (d = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.28-4.27 IU/mL, P < 0.001 vs. d = 5.55, 95% CI: 4.58-6.53, P < 0.001) and PAI-1 (d = -2.89, 95% CI: -4.39 to -1.40 IU/mL, P < 0.001 vs. d = -5.08, 95% CI: -6.59 to -3.61, P < 0.001) activities after exercise. SBP exercise-induced changes were not associated with tPA (r = -0.10, P = 0.42) or PAI-1 (r = 0.13, P = 0.30), without any influence of race (P > 0.05). Our findings show that maximal exercise unmasks risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Black postmenopausal females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exaggerated SBP responses to exercise testing are more frequent in Black than in White male adults. Such responses, if translatable to females, may detect early racial disparities arriving during menopause. Because the endothelium regulates BP and fibrinolytic responses, these could be linked during exercise. At peak exercise, Black but not White postmenopausal females had more exaggerated SPB responses regardless of reduced fibrinolytic potential. Maximal exercise unmasked risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Black postmenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Marôco
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Linda M Szymanski
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Goodyke MP, Bronas UG, Baynard T, Tintle N, DeVon HA, Collins E, Dunn SL. Relationships Among Heart Rate Variability, Perceived Social Support, and Hopelessness in Adults With Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032759. [PMID: 38348815 PMCID: PMC11010109 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower perceived social support is associated with hopelessness in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Higher perceived social support is associated with higher heart rate variability (HRV) in adults following a stressful event, but the relationship between HRV and hopelessness has not been examined in patients with IHD. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationships among HRV, perceived social support, and hopelessness in patients with IHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-four participants were enrolled while hospitalized for an IHD event at a large hospital in the United States. Data collection occurred 2 weeks after hospital discharge and included the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, a demographic form, and a short-term HRV measurement taken at rest. Linear models were used to assess associations between variables in unadjusted and adjusted models. Most participants were men (67%), married (75%), and non-Hispanic White (96%) and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (57%). There were inverse correlations between high frequency HRV and state hopelessness (r=-0.21, P=0.008) and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats HRV and state hopelessness (r=-0.20, P=0.012) after adjusting for important covariates. High frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats did not show evidence of mediating the relationship between perceived social support and hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS There were significant inverse correlations between parasympathetic measures of HRV and hopelessness. Assessing high frequency and root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats during early recovery following an IHD event could provide promising evidence for understanding a possible precursor to hopelessness and targets for future interventions. Registration Information: clinicaltrials.gov. Identifiers: NCT03907891, NCT05003791.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulf G. Bronas
- Columbia University, School of Nursing and Department of Rehabilitation MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Manning College of Nursing and Health SciencesBostonMAUSA
| | - Nathan Tintle
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of NursingChicagoILUSA
| | - Holli A. DeVon
- University of California Los Angeles, School of NursingLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Eileen Collins
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of NursingChicagoILUSA
| | - Susan L. Dunn
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of NursingChicagoILUSA
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Barnes JN, Baynard T, Brassard P. Habitual exercise in youth: A 'brainy' idea. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1453-1455. [PMID: 37917332 PMCID: PMC10988422 DOI: 10.1113/ep091534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill N. Barnes
- Bruno Balke Biodynamics LaboratoryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Human Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébecCanada
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Baynard T, Griffith GJ, Wee SO, McMillan NJ, Bollaert RE, Motl RW, Fernhall B. Home-based exercise improves subclinical atherosclerosis marker in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:105002. [PMID: 37716212 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a 12-week, randomized controlled trial coupled with social cognitive theory behavioral coaching, we aimed to assess the effect of a home-based aerobic training intervention versus an attention-control on aerobic fitness, subclinical atherosclerosis, and mobility in persons with MS. METHODS Persons with MS with an expanded disability status scale score between 0 and 4 were randomized to a 12-week aerobic exercise (EX) (n = 26; 19 females; 49 yrs; 28.8 kg/m2) or attention-control (CON) condition (stretching; n = 22; 16 females; 44 yrs; 29.2 kg/m2). Aerobic capacity was assessed via a graded cycle ergometry test with indirect calorimetry. The co-primary measures of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed included carotid intima media thickness, a test of vasodilatory reactivity, and arterial stiffness. Mobility was assessed via a timed 25-foot walk test (T25FW) and a 6 min walk test. The EX group engaged in cycle ergometry 3d/wk with gradual increases in the intensity and duration of the exercise sessions. CON participated in standardized stretching designed to provide the same contact time as EX 3d/wk. Behavioral coaching took place via weekly phone/video chats to track adherence. RESULTS Aerobic capacity, vasodilatory reactivity, and T25FW speed increased only in the EX group, 7%, 16%, and 13% (p<0.05), respectively; whereas the CON group did not change. CONCLUSION The EX group had modest, yet significant, increases in aerobic capacity over the 12-week period, coupled with improvements in T25FW speed and vasodilatory reactivity. A home-based exercise intervention can improve outcomes of a subclinical marker of atherosclerosis, which provides a basis for examining these outcomes in persons prescreened for CVD-related comorbidities and/or mobility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; Currently affiliated with the Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125.
| | - Garett J Griffith
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Sang Ouk Wee
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407
| | - Neil J McMillan
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612; Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Rachel E Bollaert
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Robert W Motl
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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Marôco JL, Rosenberg AJ, Grigoriadis G, Lefferts EC, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Older females but not males exhibit increases in cerebral blood velocity, despite similar pulsatility increases after high-intensity resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H909-H916. [PMID: 37594485 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00349.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in resting cerebral hemodynamics decline with aging. Given that acute resistance exercise (RE) is a hypertensive challenge, it may reveal sex-dependent abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamics. Thus, we hypothesized that cerebral blood velocity and pulsatility responses to RE would be sex-dependent in older adults. Fourteen older females and 11 males (50-68 yr) completed a high-intensity unilateral isokinetic knee flexion/extension exercise. Measurements were collected at baseline, immediately, 5- and 30-min post-RE. Blood pressure was measured via finger photoplethysmography. Mean middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and pulsatility were assessed via transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Carotid pulsatility was obtained via duplex ultrasound. MCAv increased immediately after RE in older females [mean difference (d) = 6.02, 95% CI: 1.66 to 10.39 cm/s, P < 0.001] but not in males (d = -0.72, 95% CI: -3.83 to 5.27 cm/s, P = 0.99), followed by similar reductions 5-min post-RE in older females (d = -4.40, 95% CI: -8.81 to -0.10 cm/s, P = 0.045) and males (d = -6.41, 95% CI: -11.19 to -1.62 cm/s, P = 0.003). MCAv pulsatility increased similarly in older females (d = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.40, P < 0.001) and males (d = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.53, P < 0.001), persisting 5-min post-RE. Older females showed smaller increases in carotid pulsatility immediately after RE (d = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.38, P = 0.01) than males (d = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.68, P < 0.001). An exercise-mediated hypertensive stimulus revealed differential sex responses in MCAv and carotid pulsatility but not in cerebral pulsatility. Cerebral pulsatility findings suggest a similar sex susceptibility to cerebrovascular abnormalities following exercise-mediated hypertensive stimulus in older adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences in resting cerebral hemodynamics decline with advancing age as females experience larger reductions in cerebral blood velocity and steeper pulsatility increases than males. However, an exercise-mediated hypertensive stimulus might reveal sex differences in cerebral hemodynamics not apparent at rest. Following high-intensity resistance exercise, older females but not males exhibit increases in cerebral blood velocity, despite similar increases in cerebral pulsatility. The susceptibility to cerebrovascular abnormalities following exercise-mediated hypertensive stimulus appears similar between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Marôco
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Alexander J Rosenberg
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, United States
| | - Georgios Grigoriadis
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Clinical Vascular Research Laboratory, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Agbaje AO, Barmi S, Sansum KM, Baynard T, Barker AR, Tuomainen TP. Temporal longitudinal associations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness with resting heart rate and inflammation in youth. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:657-666. [PMID: 36727630 PMCID: PMC10010920 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00701.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the temporal longitudinal associations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) with the risk of elevated resting heart rate (RHR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). We studied 3,862 adolescents, mean age 17.7 (SD 0.3 yr), followed-up for 7 yr until age 24.5 (0.7) yr, from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK. RHR, fasting plasma hsCRP, cfPWV, and cIMT were repeatedly assessed and analyzed using logistic regression, linear mixed-effect, and structural equation models adjusting for important covariates. Among 3,862 adolescents [2,143 (55.5%) female], 10% and 44% were at moderate-to-high risk of elevated RHR and hsCRP at 24.5 yr, respectively. Higher cfPWV at 17.7 yr was associated with elevated RHR risk at follow-up [odds-ratio (OR) 1.58 (CI 1.20-2.08); P = 0.001], whereas cIMT at 17.7 yr was associated with elevated hsCRP risk [OR 2.30 (1.18-4.46); P = 0.014] at follow-up, only among females. In mixed model, 7-yr progression in cfPWV was directly associated with 7-yr increase in RHR [effect-estimate 6 beats/min (1-11); P = 0.017] and hsCRP. cIMT progression was associated with 7-yr increase in RHR and hsCRP. In cross-lagged model, higher cfPWV at 17.7 yr was associated with higher RHR (β = 0.06, standard error = 3.85, P < 0.0001) at 24.5 yr but RHR at 17.7 yr was unassociated with cfPWV at 24.5 yr. Baseline cIMT or RHR was unassociated with either outcome at follow-up. Higher hsCRP at 17.7 yr was associated with higher cfPWV and cIMT at 24.5 yr. In conclusion, adolescent arterial stiffness but not cIMT appears to precede higher RHR in young adulthood, whereas elevated hsCRP in adolescence preceded higher cfPWV and cIMT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Higher arterial stiffness but not carotid-intima media thickness in adolescence preceded higher resting heart rate in young adulthood, however, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein in adolescence preceded higher arterial stiffness and carotid intima-thickness in young adulthood in the temporal causal path. Low-grade inflammation during adolescence may be causally associated with the development of subclinical arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Samuel Barmi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kate M Sansum
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Motl RW, Baird JF, Sandroff BM, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Blood pressure and cognition in older adults with multiple sclerosis: preliminary examination. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:677-683. [PMID: 36287283 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbid conditions, particularly vascular comorbidity, are common in MS and may hasten the CNS damage and disease manifestations. We undertook a preliminary examination of the association between blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function in samples of older adults with MS and healthy controls. METHODS Older adults with MS (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 29) completed the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery and underwent assessment of BP. The data were analyzed using the Baron and Kenny approach for examining blood pressure as an explanatory variable for group differences in cognition. RESULTS The MS group, as expected, had significantly lower California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) z-scores from the BICAMS and higher diastolic BP (DBP) than healthy controls. DBP had statistically significant correlations with CVLT-II z-scores in the overall sample (r = - .42) and MS subsample (r = - .51), but not healthy controls(r = - .29); the correlation was not attenuated when controlling for age and disability status in the MS subsample (pr = - .48). Group initially explained 6% of the variance in z-scores from the CVLT-II (β = - 0.24). The inclusion of DBP accounted for an additional 14% of the variance in z-scores from the CVLT-II, and DBP(β = - 0.39), but not group (β = - 0.13), was a significant correlate of CVLT-II z-scores; the results were unchanged when controlling for anxiety and depression scores. CONCLUSION Our results provide preliminary, cross-sectional support for future population-based research examining DBP, hypertension, and verbal memory in older adults with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jessica F Baird
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Tracy Baynard
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Beck VDY, Wee SO, Lefferts EC, Hibner BA, Burton LC, Baynard T, Fernhall B, Hilgenkamp TIM. Comprehensive cardiopulmonary profile of individuals with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2022; 66:978-987. [PMID: 35734935 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and previous studies have shown that these low levels of fitness have a physiological cause. During exercise, the cardiovascular, ventilatory and muscular systems are simultaneously active. While individual parameters of these systems have been investigated in DS before, the interaction between these parameters and systems have not been discussed in detail. Doing so may provide important insight regarding the aetiology of low cardiorespiratory fitness and which parameters of the cardiovascular, pulmonary and muscular systems are altered in individuals with DS compared with their peers without DS. METHODS Cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed in healthy adults with and without DS. Parameters related to the cardiovascular, ventilatory and muscular systems were collected until VO2peak . In total, 51 participants were included in analysis, of which 21 had DS. RESULTS Individuals with DS showed lower peak values for all collected outcomes (P ≤ 0.001) compared with those without DS, except for ventilatory threshold as a percentage of maximal oxygen uptake and VE /VCO2 slope, which were similar. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that individuals with DS present impairments across the cardiovascular, ventilatory and muscular aspects of the cardiopulmonary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Y Beck
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada - Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - S O Wee
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - E C Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - B A Hibner
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L C Burton
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - T Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T I M Hilgenkamp
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada - Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Agbaje AO, Barmi S, Sansum KM, Baynard T, Barker AR, Tuomainen TP. Does arterial stiffness progression temporally precede higher low-grade inflammation in adolescents? Causal longitudinal evidence using auto-regressive cross-lagged structural equation models. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Arterial stiffness, a precursor of arteriosclerosis, measured using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults. Emerging evidence among adolescents, young adults, and middle-aged adults suggest that arterial stiffness may predict the risk of hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and the onset of type 2 diabetes and could be a causal risk factor for these diseases. However, it is unknown whether higher arterial stiffness temporally precedes elevated inflammation in the young population or if there is a bi-directional relationship. This evidence is crucial to developing interventions for attenuating arterial stiffness in early life.
Purpose
To examine the temporal causal longitudinal associations between repeated measures of cfPWV and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).
Methods
We studied 3862 adolescents, aged 17.7 years, followed-up for 7 years, from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, birth cohort, UK. Fasting plasma hsCRP was assessed at 17.7 and 24.5-year clinic visits. In the same clinic visits, cfPWV was computed from pressure waveforms obtained using the Vicorder device (Skidmore Medical, Bristol, UK), 5 minutes after participants rested in a semi-prone position, with 2 blood pressure measurement channels and 2 Velcro pressure sensor cuffs applied over each of the carotid and femoral arteries. The assessment was repeated until three readings that were within 0.5 m/s of each other were recorded. We conducted autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation model path analyses to untangle temporal associations. We adjusted for sex, time in years between ages 17.7 and 24.5 years, age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, dual-energy Xray absorptiometry measured total fat mass and lean mass, ActiGraph measured moderate to vigorous physical activity at 15.5 years, smoking status, and family history of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Results
Among 3862 adolescents (55.5% female), median (IQR) hsCRP at 17.7 and 24.5 years were 0.56 (0.98) mg/L and 0.84 (1.62) mg/L, respectively. The median (IQR) cfPWV at 17.7 and 24.5 years were 5.79 (0.66) m/s and 6.12 (1.12) m/s, respectively. Higher hsCRP at age 17.7 years was associated with higher cfPWV [Standardized β = 0.058, standard error = 0.004, p=0.037] at age 24.5 years. However, higher cfPWV at age 17.7 years was not associated with higher hsCRP [β = 0.023, standard error = 0.243, p=0.341] at 24.5 years.
Conclusion
We observed that elevated low-grade inflammation in adolescence may temporally cause higher arterial stiffness 7 years later, but not vice versa. Clinical and public health interventions targeted at reducing low-grade inflammation to regress the development of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease before mid-adulthood are needed.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Finnish Cultural Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Agbaje
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Kuopio , Finland
| | - S Barmi
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Kuopio , Finland
| | - K M Sansum
- University of Exeter, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - T Baynard
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory , Chicago , United States of America
| | - A R Barker
- University of Exeter, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - T P Tuomainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Kuopio , Finland
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Agbaje AO, Barmi S, Sansum KM, Baynard T, Barker AR, Tuomainen TP. Temporal causal longitudinal associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with carotid intima-media thickness progression in adolescents: the ALSPAC birth cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The causal role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in the evolution of preclinical cardiovascular disease remains unclear. A previous longitudinal study concluded that hsCRP measured in childhood was not associated with a single measure of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) assessed at mid-adulthood. The use of hsCRP samples stored for 25 years prior to analysis might have confounded this previous findings. In the young population of adolescents and young adults no study has investigated whether elevated hsCRP temporally precedes higher cIMT or if bi-directional associations exist, due to the lack of repeated measures of cIMT.
Purpose
To examine the temporal causal longitudinal associations between repeated measures of cIMT and hsCRP in a young population.
Methods
We studied 3862 adolescents, aged 17.7 years, followed-up for 7 years, from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, birth cohort, UK. Fasting plasma hsCRP was assessed at age 17.7 and 24.5-year clinic visits. cIMT from the right and left common carotid arteries at 17 years was assessed by ultrasound using a linear 12-MHz transducer (Vivid7, GE Medical, Chicago, Illinois) and cIMT from the right and left common carotid arteries at 24 years was measured using an ultrasound machine (CardioHealth Panasonic and a 13.5 MHz linear array broadband transducer (probe; centre frequency 9.0 MHz). We conducted autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation model path analyses to untangle temporal and bi-directional associations. We adjusted for sex, time in years between ages 17.7 and 24.5 years, age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, dual-energy Xray absorptiometry measured total fat mass and lean mass, ActiGraph measured moderate to vigorous physical activity at 15.5 years, smoking status, and family history of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Results
Among 3862 adolescents (55.5% female), median (IQR) hsCRP values at 17.7 and 24.5 years were 0.56 (0.98) mg/L and 0.84 (1.62) mg/L, respectively. The median (IQR) cIMT values at 17.7 and 24.5 years were 0.48 (0.05) mm and 0.54 (0.09) mm, respectively. Higher hsCRP at age 17.7 years was associated with cIMT [Standardized β = 0.062, standard error = 0.004, p=0.035] at age 24.5 years. However, higher cIMT at age 17.7 years was not associated with higher hsCRP [β = −0.014, standard error = 0.284, p=0.523] at 24.5 years.
Conclusion
These findings in the largest adolescent population to date suggest that higher inflammation in adolescence temporally precede higher carotid thickness 7 years later and there was no bi-directional relationship. Clinical and public health interventions targeted at reducing low-grade inflammation to potentially attenuate the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the young population are warranted.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Finnish Cultural Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Agbaje
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Kuopio , Finland
| | - S Barmi
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Kuopio , Finland
| | - K M Sansum
- University of Exeter, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - T Baynard
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory , Chicago , United States of America
| | - A R Barker
- University of Exeter, Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - T P Tuomainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Kuopio , Finland
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11
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Grigoriadis G, Sherman SR, Hibner BA, Lefferts EC, Lima NS, Phillips SA, Fernhall B, Baynard T. High-fit Breast Cancer Survivors Have Greater Cardiac And Pulmonary Function Compared To Low-fit. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000875068.15947.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Beck VDY, Wee SO, Lefferts EC, Hibner BA, Burton LC, Baynard T, Fernhall B, Hilgenkamp TIM. Lower Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope With Similar VE/VCO2 Slope In Individuals With Down Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000880460.41767.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Sherman SR, Lefferts WK, Lefferts EC, Grigoriadis G, Lima NS, Fernhall B, Baynard T, Rosenberg AJ. The effect of aging on carotid artery wall mechanics during maximal resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2477-2488. [PMID: 36008691 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related stiffening of the large elastic arteries (e.g., common carotid artery [CCA]) may impair wall dynamics (i.e., strain) and amplify transmission of pulsatile blood flow into the brain with large increases in pressure that occur during maximal resistance exercise (RE). The purpose of this study was to compare CCA arterial wall dynamics, central hemodynamics, and cerebral blood velocity responses during maximal RE between young and older adults. METHODS Thirty-one young (YA; 26 ± 5 yrs; 23.8 ± 3.3 kg/m2) and 25 older adults (OA; 60 ± 6 yrs; 30.0 ± 5.5 kg/m2) performed a unilateral maximal isokinetic knee flexion/extension exercise protocol (i.e., maximal RE). All measures were recorded at baseline and during the last 10 s of maximal RE. Common carotid artery strain, CCA strain time to peak, and CCA strain rate (i.e., variables of arterial wall dynamics) were analyzed using 2D speckle tracking software from circumferential ultrasound images. Transcranial Doppler was used to measure right middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity. Non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurements were obtained using finger photoplethysmography. RESULTS Older adults had greater reductions in CCA strain time to peak from baseline to maximal RE (345 ± 39 to 242 ± 52 ms) than YA (308 ± 35 to 247 ± 42 ms; interaction effect, p < 0.01). MCA velocity was similar between YA and OA during maximal RE (p = 0.48), despite a greater arterial pressor response in OA (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data suggest cerebral blood velocity responds similarly during maximal RE among OA compared to YA, despite subtle age-related differences in the pressor and extracranial vascular response during maximal RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Sherman
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wesley K Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Clinical Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Clinical Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Georgios Grigoriadis
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalia S Lima
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander J Rosenberg
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Cerebral and Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
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14
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Grigoriadis G, Sherman SR, Lima NS, Lefferts EC, Hibner BA, Ozemek HC, Danciu OC, Kanaloupitis D, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Breast cancer survivors with preserved or rescued cardiorespiratory fitness have similar cardiac, pulmonary and muscle function compared to controls. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2189-2200. [PMID: 35796827 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors (BCS) have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). CRF is an important predictor of survival in BCS. However, the physiological factors that contribute to low CRF in BCS have not been completely elucidated. To assess differences in physiological factors (cardiac, pulmonary, muscle function) related to CRF between BCS and controls. Twenty-three BCS and 23 age-body mass index (BMI) matched controls underwent a peak cycling exercise test to determine CRF, with physiological factors measured at resting and at peak exercise. Cardiac hemodynamics (stroke volume [SV], SVindex, heart rate [HR], cardiac output [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]index) were evaluated using ultrasonography. Pulmonary function was evaluated using the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope [Formula: see text] and breathing reserve at peak exercise (BR). Muscle oxygenation variables (oxygenated [HbO2] deoxygenated [HHb] and total hemoglobin [Hb], and tissue oxygenation index [TSI]) were measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Both groups had similar CRF and similarly increased all hemodynamic variables (HR, SV, SVindex, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]index) at peak exercise compared to resting (p < 0.001). BCS had higher overall HR and lower SVindex (group effect, p < 0.05). BCS had similar OUES, [Formula: see text] and BR compared to the controls. Both groups decreased TSI, and increased Hb and HHb similarly at peak exercise compared to resting (p < 0.001). Our data suggest BCS do not exhibit differences in cardiac, pulmonary, or muscle function at peak exercise compared to controls, when both groups have similar CRF and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Grigoriadis
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sara R Sherman
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalia S Lima
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooks A Hibner
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah C Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oana C Danciu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Sherman SR, Hibner BA, DeJonge SR, Rosenberg AJ, Lima NS, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Rapid Onset Vasodilation: Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Sherman
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
| | - Brooks A. Hibner
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
| | - Sydney R. DeJonge
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
| | - Alexander J. Rosenberg
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
| | - Natalia S. Lima
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Integrative Physiology LabChicagoIL
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16
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Jackson R, Tawade S, Drab Y, Baynard T, Clifford P, Piano M, Phillips S, Hwang C. Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness after a Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Young Adult Binge Drinkers and Moderate Drinkers. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chueh‐Lung Hwang
- University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
- University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX
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17
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Hibner BA, Lefferts EC, Lima NS, Sherman SR, DeJonge SR, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Aerobic Fitness as a Predictor of Conduit, Resistance and, Microvascular Arterial Function. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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DuBose N, Ainslie PN, Sherman SR, Baynard T, Hoiland R, Smith KJ, Green DJ. Exercise and Hypercapnia Differentially Modify Ratios of Extracranial and Intracranial Pulsatility. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah DuBose
- Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoOak ParkIL
| | - Philip N. Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBC
| | - Sara R. Sherman
- Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Ryan Hoiland
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBC
| | - Kurt J. Smith
- School of Exercise SciencePhysical and Health EducationUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBC
| | - Daniel J. Green
- Cardiovascular Research GroupSchool Human Sciences (Sports and Exercise)University of Western AustraliaPerth
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19
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Mendonca GV, Santos I, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Predictive equations to estimate peak aerobic capacity and peak heart rate in persons with Down syndrome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:423-433. [PMID: 34941444 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00421.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimations based on the available equations for predicting oxygen uptake (VO2) from treadmill speed of locomotion are not appropriate for individuals with Down syndrome (DS). We aimed at developing prediction models for peak absolute oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) based on retrospective data from a healthy population with and without Down syndrome (DS). A cross-sectional analysis of VO2peak and HRpeak was conducted in 196 and 187 persons with and without DS, respectively, aged from 16-45 years. Non-exercise data alone versus combined with HRpeak were used to develop equations predictive of absolute VO2peak. Prediction equations for HRpeak were also developed. Two additional samples of participants (30 with, 29 without DS) enabled model cross-validation. Relative VO2peak and HRpeak were lowest for persons with DS across all ages (~ 40% and 20 bpm, respectively). For persons with DS, VO2peak predictions provided no differences compared with actual values. Predicted HRpeak was similar to actual values in both groups of participants. Large limits of agreement were obtained for VO2peak (DS: 735, non-DS: 558.2 mL.min-1) and HRpeak (DS: 24.8, non-DS: 16.6 bpm). Persons with DS exhibit low levels of VO2peak and HRpeak in all age groups included in this study. It is possible to estimate absolute VO2peak in persons with DS using non-exercise variables. HRpeak can be accurately estimated in groups of people with and without DS. Yet, because of large limits of agreement, caution is advised if using these equations for individual estimations of VO2peak or HRpeak in either population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo V Mendonca
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal.,CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal.,Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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Lefferts EC, Hibner BA, Lefferts WK, Lima NS, Baynard T, Haus JM, Lane‐Cordova AD, Phillips SA, Fernhall B. Oral vitamin C restores endothelial function during acute inflammation in young and older adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15104. [PMID: 34762777 PMCID: PMC8582295 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to reductions in vascular function during acute inflammation in young adults; however, the effect of acute inflammation on vascular function with aging is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine if oral antioxidant administration eliminates vascular dysfunction during acute inflammation in young and older adults. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured in nine young (3 male, 24 ± 4 yrs, 26.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2 ) and 16 older (13 male, 64 ± 5 yrs, 25.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2 ) adults before and 2-h after oral consumption of 2 g of vitamin C. The vitamin C protocol was completed at rest and 24 h after acute inflammation was induced via the typhoid vaccine. Venous blood samples were taken to measure markers of inflammation and vitamin C. Both interleukin-6 (Δ+0.7 ± 1.8 pg/ml) and C-reactive protein (Δ+1.9 ± 3.1 mg/L) were increased at 24 h following the vaccine (p < 0.01). There was no change in FMD or PWV following vitamin C administration at rest (p > 0.05). FMD was lower in all groups during acute inflammation (Δ-1.4 ± 1.9%, p < 0.01), with no changes in PWV (Δ-0.0 ± 0.9 m/s, p > 0.05). Vitamin C restored FMD back to initial values in young and older adults during acute inflammation (Δ+1.0 ± 1.8%, p < 0.01) with no change in inflammatory markers or PWV (p > 0.05). In conclusion, oral vitamin C restored endothelial function during acute inflammation in young and older adults, with no effect on aortic stiffness. The effect of vitamin C on endothelial function did not appear to be due to reductions in inflammatory markers. The exact mechanisms should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Brooks A. Hibner
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Wesley K. Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Natalia S. Lima
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Abbi D. Lane‐Cordova
- Department of Exercise ScienceArnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shane A. Phillips
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology and NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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21
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Lefferts WK, Rosenberg AJ, Schroeder EC, Grigoriadis G, Sandroff BM, Motl RW, Baynard T. Assessment of Cerebrovascular Dynamics and Cognitive Function with Acute Aerobic Exercise in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care 2021; 23:162-169. [PMID: 34483755 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2020-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) may partially stem from inadequate cerebral blood flow. Cerebral blood flow and cognitive function improve with aerobic exercise in healthy adults. The effect of aerobic exercise on cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cognitive performance in persons with MS is unclear. The acute effect of aerobic exercise versus quiet rest on cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cognitive performance in relapsing-remitting MS was examined. Methods Sixteen adults with relapsing-remitting MS underwent cerebrovascular hemodynamics and cognitive performance testing before, 2 minutes after, and 30 minutes after aerobic exercise (20-minute treadmill walking, 60% peak oxygen consumption) and a time-matched seated control. Brachial blood pressure was obtained via an oscillometric cuff. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity was measured via transcranial Doppler and used to calculate mean velocity, pulsatility index (PI), and conductance. Carotid artery stiffness was measured via ultrasonography and tonometry. Cognitive performance (accuracy, reaction time) was assessed using a modified flanker task. Results Exercise elicited significant increases in mean pressure and carotid artery stiffness and decreases in MCA conductance at 2 minutes after exercise, which subsided by 30 minutes (P < .05). Exercise did not significantly alter MCA PI. Flanker reaction time decreased during posttesting in both conditions (P < .05). There were no condition × time interactions for cognitive performance. Conclusions Persons with MS seem resilient to exercise-induced acute changes in MCA PI despite transient carotid stiffening, potentially via reductions in MCA conductance. These data suggest that changes in cognitive performance after acute aerobic exercise are not directly related to transient cerebrovascular responses in persons with MS.
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22
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Smith KN, Baynard T, Fischbach PS, Hankins JS, Hsu LL, Murphy PM, Ness KK, Radom-Aizik S, Tang A, Liem RI. Safety of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in individuals with sickle cell disease: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:764-769. [PMID: 34285054 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the safety of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Maximal CPET using gas exchange analysis is the gold standard for measuring cardiopulmonary fitness in the laboratory, yet its safety in the SCD population is unclear. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Systematic search of Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov and professional society websites for all published studies and abstracts through December 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Two reviewers independently extracted data of interest from studies that assessed safety outcomes of maximal CPET in children and adults with SCD. A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess for risk of bias in studies included. RESULTS In total, 24 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Adverse events were reported separately or as part of study results in 36 (3.8%) of 939 participants with SCD undergoing maximal CPET in studies included. Most adverse events were related to transient ischaemic changes on ECG monitoring or oxygen desaturation during testing, which did not result in arrhythmias or other complications. Only 4 (0.43%) of 939 participants experienced pain events due to maximal CPET. CONCLUSION Maximal CPET appears to be a safe testing modality in children and adults with SCD and can be used to better understand the physiological basis of reduced exercise capacity and guide exercise prescription in this population. Some studies did not focus on reporting adverse events related to exercise testing or failed to mention safety monitoring, which contributed to risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellsey N Smith
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter S Fischbach
- Sibley Heart Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jane S Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lewis L Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peggy M Murphy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kiri K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Amy Tang
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert I Liem
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Baynard T, Grigoriadis G, Sherman S, Lima N, Lefferts E, Hibner B, Ozemek H, Danciu O, Kanaloupitis D, Fernhall B. Physiological Factors Important to Cardiorespiratory Fitness are Similar Between Breast Cancer Survivors and Controls. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Baynard
- Departmnet of Kinesiology & NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | | | - Sara Sherman
- Departmnet of Kinesiology & NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Natalia Lima
- Departmnet of Kinesiology & NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Elizabeth Lefferts
- Departmnet of Kinesiology & NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Brooks Hibner
- Departmnet of Kinesiology & NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Hannah Ozemek
- Departmnet of Physical TherapyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Oana Danciu
- Departmnet of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | | | - Bo Fernhall
- Departmnet of Kinesiology & NutritionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
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Bunsawat K, Lefferts EC, Grigoriadis G, Wee SO, Kilianek MM, Fadel PJ, Clifford PS, Fernhall BO, Baynard T. Central and Peripheral Postexercise Blood Pressure and Vascular Responses in Young Adults with Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:994-1002. [PMID: 33060547 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with obesity are at an increased risk of incident hypertension. Regular aerobic exercise is recommended for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, but whether young adults with obesity exhibit impaired postexercise blood pressure (BP) and vascular responses remains unclear. PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that young adults with obesity exhibit attenuated postexercise hypotension (PEH) and postexercise peripheral vasodilation compared with young adults without obesity. METHODS Thirty-six normotensive adults without and with obesity (11 men and 7 women per group) underwent measurements of brachial and central BP, and leg blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 min after acute 1-h moderate-intensity cycling. Leg vascular conductance (LVC) was calculated as flow/mean arterial pressure. RESULTS Both groups exhibited similar brachial and central PEH (peak change from baseline, -2 and -4 mm Hg for brachial and central systolic BPs, respectively, for both groups; time effect, P < 0.05). Both groups also exhibited postexercise peripheral vasodilation, assessed via LVC (time effect, P < 0.05), but its overall magnitude was smaller in young adults with obesity (LVC change from baseline, +47% ± 37%, +29% ± 36%, and +20% ± 29%) compared with young adults without obesity (LVC change from baseline, +88% ± 58%, +59% ± 54%, and +42% ± 51%; group effect, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although obesity did not impair PEH after acute moderate-intensity exercise, young adults with obesity exhibited smaller postexercise peripheral vasodilation compared with young adults without obesity. Collectively, these findings have identified evidence for obesity-induced alterations in the peripheral vasculature after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth C Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Georgios Grigoriadis
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Melissa M Kilianek
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Philip S Clifford
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - B O Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Sherman S, Lefferts E, Lefferts W, Lima N, Grigoriadis G, Fernhall B, Baynard T, Rosenberg A. The Effect of Aging on Carotid Artery Wall Dynamics During Acute Maximal Resistance Exercise. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sherman
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Elizabeth Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Wesley Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
- Clinical Vascular Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Natalia Lima
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | | | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Alexander Rosenberg
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
- Cerebral and Cardiovascular Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
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Hilgenkamp TIM, Lefferts EC, White DW, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Blunted autonomic response to standing up and head-up tilt in individuals with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1778-1785. [PMID: 33914659 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00328.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) may experience autonomic dysfunction, however, this has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the autonomic response to standing up (active orthostasis) and head-up tilt (passive orthostasis) in individuals with ID to a control group without ID. Eighteen individuals with and 18 individuals without ID were instrumented with an ECG-lead and finger-photoplethysmography for continuous heart rate and blood pressure recordings. The active and passive orthostasis protocol consisted of 10-min supine rest, 10-min standing, 10-min supine recovery, 5-min head-up tilt at 70°, followed by 10-min supine recovery. The last 5 min of each position was used to calculate hemodynamic and autonomic function (time- and frequency-domain heart rate and blood pressure variability measures and baroreflex sensitivity). Individuals with ID had higher heart rate during baseline and recovery (P < 0.05), and an attenuated hemodynamic (stroke volume, heart rate) and heart rate variability response to active and passive orthostasis (interaction effect P < 0.05) compared with individuals without ID. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in individuals with ID at all timepoints. Individuals with ID demonstrated altered hemodynamic and autonomic regulation compared with a sex- and age-matched control group, evidenced by a higher mean arterial pressure and a reduced response in parasympathetic modulation to active and passive orthostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Individuals with ID demonstrated altered hemodynamic and autonomic regulation to the clinical autonomic function tasks standing up and head-up tilt (active and passive orthostasis). Higher resting heart rate and higher MAP throughout the protocol suggest a higher arousal level, and individuals with ID showed a blunted response in parasympathetic modulation. Further research should investigate the relationship of these findings with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thessa I M Hilgenkamp
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Chair of Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel W White
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Beck VDY, Baynard T, Lefferts EC, Hibner BA, Fernhall B, Hilgenkamp TIM. Anthropometry does not fully explain low fitness among adults with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:373-379. [PMID: 33458913 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as peak oxygen uptake during exercise (VO2 peak), is an important predictor of cardiovascular health and is related to anthropometry in the general population. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and often exhibit different anthropometrics compared with the general population. Interestingly, the relation between anthropometry and cardiorespiratory fitness found in the general population is not apparent in individuals with DS. However, accurate measures with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan have not been used to investigate this relationship in this population. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between accurate measures of anthropometry and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with DS compared with an age-matched and sex-matched control group. METHODS Anthropometrics (height, weight, waist and hip circumference, body composition via DEXA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak, measured during a graded maximal exercise test) were assessed in adults with (n = 9; 25 ± 3 years; 6 male patients) and without DS (n = 10, 24 ± 4 years; 5 male patients). RESULTS Participants with DS were shorter (P < 0.01) than without DS and had a higher body mass index (P < 0.01), waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.026) and waist/height ratio (WHtR) (P < 0.01), but similar weight, body surface area (BSA), waist/hip ratio and body composition (P > 0.05). Participants with DS had significantly lower relative VO2 peak and VO2 peak corrected for total lean mass (TLM), but similar absolute VO2 peak, compared with without DS. In participants with DS, only WC and WHtR were associated with VO2 peak, whereas in participants without DS, height, weight, BSA, TLM, leg lean mass and body fat percentage were associated with VO2 peak. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the relation between anthropometry and cardiorespiratory fitness found in the general population is not the same in adults with DS and that anthropometrics do not fully explain cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with DS. Further research into potential alternative explanations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Y Beck
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E C Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B A Hibner
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T I M Hilgenkamp
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Sherman SR, Schroeder EC, Baynard T, Fernhall BO, Hilgenkamp TIM. Hemodynamic Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Adults with Intellectual Disability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:606-612. [PMID: 32804901 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced work capacity, which could partly be explained by alterations to autonomic and hemodynamic regulation. The measurement of heart rate and blood pressure during isometric handgrip (HG) exercise, a sympathoexcitatory stimulus, is a noninvasive method to investigate autonomic and hemodynamic alterations. The purpose of this study was to assess alterations to autonomic and associated hemodynamic regulation between individuals with ID and a matched control group during isometric HG exercise. METHODS Individuals with ID (n = 13; 31 ± 2 yr, 27.6 ± 7.7 kg·m-2) and without ID (n = 16; 29 ± 7 yr, 24.2 ± 2.8 kg·m-2) performed 2 min of isometric HG exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in the seated position. Blood pressure was averaged for 2 min before, during, and after HG exercise (mean arterial pressure [MAP], systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure). Heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were calculated from the continuous blood pressure and heart rate recordings. RESULTS Isometric HG elicited a blunted response in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP among individuals with ID compared with individuals without ID, even after controlling for strength (MAP: rest, HG, recovery; ID: 103 ± 7, 108 ± 9, 103 ± 7; without ID: 102 ± 7, 116 ± 10, 104 ± 10 mm Hg; interaction P < 0.05). Individuals with ID also had an attenuated baroreflex sensitivity response to HG exercise compared with individuals without ID (interaction P = 0.041), but these effects were no longer significant after controlling for maximal voluntary contraction. Indices of heart rate variability and blood pressure variability were not different between groups overall or in response to HG exercise (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with ID have a blunted hemodynamic and autonomic response to isometric HG exercise compared with individuals without ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Sherman
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth C Schroeder
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - B O Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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29
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Liem R, Baynard T, Hsu L, Garofano R, Green N, Hankins J, Ness K, Rodeghier M, Radom-Aizik S. The Sickle Cell Pro-Inflammatory Response to Interval Testing Study (SPRINTS) in children and young adults with sickle cell anemia - Study design and methodological strategies. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 20:100668. [PMID: 33089004 PMCID: PMC7566951 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of sickle cell anemia (SCA) and its complications on physical functioning and cardiopulmonary/aerobic fitness in affected individuals is significant. Although limited data support the safety of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for children and adults with SCA, the safety of submaximal moderate and high intensity, and longer duration, exercise in this population is not clear. The Sickle Cell Pro-Inflammatory Response to Interval Testing Study (SPRINTS) is a multicenter, randomized, prospective trial. SPRINTS leverages unique collaborations between investigators in pediatric hematology and exercise science to evaluate the impact of exercise intensity on the acute phase inflammatory response to exercise and changes in airway dynamics in children and young adults with SCA. Here we describe the study design and methodological strategies employed in SPRINTS, including an exercise challenge that mimics real-life patterns of childhood physical activity, characterized by multiple moderate and high intensity brief bouts of exercise interspersed with rest periods. Primary outcomes comprise pre- and post-exercise biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and spirometry. Secondary outcomes include assessment of physical activity and functioning, genomic studies and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements to assess tissue oxygenation status during exercise. SPRINTS aims to enroll 70 subjects with SCA and 70 matched, healthy controls. We anticipate that data from SPRINTS will address gaps in our understanding of exercise responses and safety in SCA and support the future development of evidence-based, exercise prescription guidelines in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.I. Liem
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 30, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - T. Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1640 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - L.L. Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, MC 856, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - R. Garofano
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - N.S. Green
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J.S. Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 800, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - K.K. Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 735, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - M. Rodeghier
- Rodeghier Consulting, Inc, 6244 North Nordica Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60631, USA
| | - S. Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Irvine, 101 Academy, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
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30
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Limberg JK, Smith JA, Soares RN, Harper JL, Houghton KN, Jacob DW, Mozer MT, Grunewald ZI, Johnson BD, Curry TB, Baynard T, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J. Sympathetically mediated increases in cardiac output, not restraint of peripheral vasodilation, contribute to blood pressure maintenance during hyperinsulinemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H162-H170. [PMID: 32502373 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vasodilatory effects of insulin support the delivery of insulin and glucose to skeletal muscle. Concurrently, insulin exerts central effects that increase sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA), which is required for the acute maintenance of blood pressure (BP). Indeed, in a cohort of young healthy adults, herein we show that intravenous infusion of insulin increases muscle SNA while BP is maintained. We next tested the hypothesis that sympathoexcitation evoked by hyperinsulinemia restrains insulin-stimulated peripheral vasodilation and contributes to sustaining BP. To address this, a separate cohort of participants were subjected to 5-s pulses of neck suction (NS) to simulate carotid hypertension and elicit a reflex-mediated reduction in SNA. NS was conducted before and 60 min following intravenous infusion of insulin. Insulin infusion caused an increase in leg vascular conductance and cardiac output (CO; P < 0.050), with maintenance of BP (P = 0.540). As expected, following NS, decreases in BP were greater in the presence of hyperinsulinemia compared with control (P = 0.045). However, the effect of NS on leg vascular conductance did not differ between insulin and control conditions (P = 0.898). Instead, the greater decreases in BP following NS in the setting of insulin infusion paralleled with greater decreases in CO (P = 0.009). These findings support the idea that during hyperinsulinemia, SNA-mediated increase in CO, rather than restraint of leg vascular conductance, is the principal contributor to the maintenance of BP. Demonstration in isolated arteries that insulin suppresses α-adrenergic vasoconstriction suggests that the observed lack of restraint of leg vascular conductance may be attributed to sympatholytic actions of insulin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined the role of sympathetic activation in restraining vasodilatory responses to hyperinsulinemia and sustaining blood pressure in healthy adults. Data are reported from two separate experimental protocols in humans and one experimental protocol in isolated arteries from mice. Contrary to our hypothesis, the present findings support the idea that during hyperinsulinemia, a sympathetically mediated increase in cardiac output, rather than restraint of peripheral vasodilation, is the principal contributor to the maintenance of systemic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Limberg
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James A Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rogerio N Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer L Harper
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Keeley N Houghton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dain W Jacob
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael T Mozer
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Timothy B Curry
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Rosenberg AJ, Schroeder EC, Grigoriadis G, Wee SO, Bunsawat K, Heffernan KS, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Aging reduces cerebral blood flow regulation following an acute hypertensive stimulus. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1186-1195. [PMID: 32240012 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00137.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging increases arterial stiffness, which has a negative impact on cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation (decreases CBF and increases CBF pulsatility). The association between arterial stiffness and CBF pulsatility may, in part, explain the relationship between elevated blood pressure (BP) fluctuations and end-organ disease with aging. To understand the mechanisms by which large BP alterations influence cerebral blood flow regulation in both young and old, we examined the effects of age on central and cerebral blood flow regulation following an acute hypertensive stimulus [resistance-exercise (RE)]. Measurements were obtained pre and immediately, 5, and 30 min post-RE in young (n = 35) and older (n = 26) adults. Measurements included cerebral blood velocity (CBv), CBv pulsatility, central pulse-wave velocity (PWV), beta-stiffness index (β), and carotid blood flow pulsatility. Central hemodynamics and BP were continuously recorded. Mean CBv increased immediately post-RE only in the young and decreased below baseline at 5 min post-RE in both groups (interaction, P < 0.05). Older adults had a greater increase in CBv pulsatility immediately post-RE compared with the young (interaction, P < 0.05). Mean BP was higher and carotid pulsatility was lower in the older group and increased immediately post-RE in both groups (P < 0.05). PWV increased immediately post-RE (P < 0.05). There were no changes in β. In conclusion, with aging, greater central arterial stiffness leads to a greater transmission of pulsatile blood velocity from the systemic circulation to the cerebral circulation following an acute hypertensive stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Reductions in cerebral blood flow and increases in flow pulsatility with aging are associated to cerebrovascular disease; however, little is known about how an acute hypertensive stimulus effects cerebral blood flow regulation in an aged population. Following the hypertensive stimulus, older adults elicit an attenuated increase in cerebral blood velocity and greater transmission of pulsatile velocity to the brain compared with young adults, demonstrating reduced cerebral blood flow regulation to elevated blood pressure responses with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Rosenberg
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth C Schroeder
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Georgios Grigoriadis
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sang Ouk Wee
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, California
| | - Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kevin S Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, Human Performance Laboratory, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
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Sherman SR, Rosenberg AJ, Schroeder EC, Lefferts WK, Lima NS, Grigoriadis G, Baynard T. No Sex Differences in Cerebral Blood Velocity Responses During Resistance Exercise. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lima NS, Rosenberg AJ, Schroeder EC, Lefferts WK, Sherman SR, Grigoriadis G, Baynard T. INCREASED CEREBRAL BLOOD VELOCITY DURING ACUTE RESISTANCE EXERCISE IS SIMILAR BETWEEN YOUNG AND OLDER ADULTS. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Reutrakul S, Crowley SJ, Park JC, Chau FY, Priyadarshini M, Hanlon EC, Danielson KK, Gerber BS, Baynard T, Yeh JJ, McAnany JJ. Relationship between Intrinsically Photosensitive Ganglion Cell Function and Circadian Regulation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1560. [PMID: 32005914 PMCID: PMC6994721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) control non-visual light responses (e.g. pupillary light reflex and circadian entrainment). Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) show reduced ipRGC function, as inferred by abnormalities in the post illumination pupil response (PIPR). We explored whether ipRGC function in DR is associated with circadian outputs and sleep/wake behavior. METHODS Forty-five participants (15 without diabetes, 15 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and no DR, 15 with T2D and DR) participated. ipRGC function was inferred from the PIPR (pupil size following stimulus offset). Circadian outputs were melatonin amplitude (overnight urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s)) and timing (dim light melatonin onset (DLMO)), and evening salivary cortisol levels. Sleep/wake patterns were measured with wrist actigraphy and insomnia symptoms were assessed subjectively. RESULTS Patients with T2D and DR had smaller PIPR and lower urinary aMT6s than other groups (p < 0.001). In adjusted regression models, smaller PIPR was associated with lower urinary aMT6s (β = 4.552, p = 0.005). Patients with DR were more likely to have no detectable DLMO (p = 0.049), higher evening salivary cortisol, greater insomnia symptoms and greater sleep variability compared to other groups. Sleep duration, efficiency and rest-activity rhythms were similar. CONCLUSION Reduced ipRGC function in DR is associated with circadian dysregulation and sleep disturbances, although a causal relationship cannot be established in this cross-sectional study. Prospective mechanistic and intervention studies examining circadian and sleep health in these patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Felix Y Chau
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin C Hanlon
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirstie K Danielson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ben S Gerber
- Division of Academic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jade J Yeh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Grigoriadis G, Rosenberg AJ, Lefferts WK, Wee SO, Schroeder EC, Baynard T. Similar Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Carotid Stiffness in Males and Females. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:82-88. [PMID: 31902128 DOI: 10.1055/a-1044-2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences exist in vascular responses to blood pressure perturbations, such as resistance exercise. Increases in aortic stiffness following acute resistance exercise appear different between sexes, with attenuated increases in females vs. males. Whether sex differences exist in carotid stiffness, following resistance exercise is unknown. This study sought to examine sex differences in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness, and hemodynamics following acute resistance exercise. Thirty-five participants (18 male) completed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of maximal isokinetic knee extension/flexion. Aortic stiffness and hemodynamics were estimated using an automated oscillometric blood pressure monitor at baseline, 5- and 30-min post-exercise. Carotid stiffness was assessed by β-stiffness index, pressure-strain elastic modulus and arterial compliance using ultrasonography. Resistance exercise increased aortic stiffness, mean and systolic pressure at 5-min (p<0.01), and pressure-strain elastic modulus at 5-min in both sexes (p<0.05). Arterial compliance decreased at 5- and 30-min post exercise in both sexes (p<0.01). No interaction effects were detected in carotid stiffness, aortic stiffness, and hemodynamics, indicating similar vascular responses between sexes. Our findings indicate that the large arteries appear to stiffen similarly following resistance exercise in males and females when presented with similar blood pressure responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Grigoriadis
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Alexander J Rosenberg
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, United State
| | - Wesley K Lefferts
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Sang Ouk Wee
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Schroeder
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Thessa I, Wee SO, Grigoriadis G, Schroeder E, Baynard T, Fernhall B. P145 Central Hemodynamic Response to Lower Body Negative Pressure in Individuals with Down Syndrome. Artery Res 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/artres.k.191224.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Schroeder EC, Hilgenkamp TIM, Lefferts WK, Robinson N, Baynard T, Fernhall B. No effect of fitness on brachial or forearm vascular function during acute inflammation in young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R746-R753. [PMID: 31553624 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00120.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and impaired vasodilatory capacity. Vasodilatory capacity can be measured in different segments of the arterial tree; however, it is unknown if the effects of acute inflammation are vascular segment-specific or if inflammation-induced dysfunction can be attenuated by factors that modulate cardiovascular risk, such as high cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute inflammation and fitness on conduit artery, resistance artery, and microvascular function in healthy, young adults. Vascular function was assessed at baseline and 24 h after a typhoid vaccination in 11 low-fit (5 male, 24 yr of age, 34.5 ± 2.9 ml·kg-1·min-1 peak O2 uptake (V̇o2peak)] and 12 high-fit (7 male, 27 yr of age, 56.4 ± 9.7 ml·kg-1·min-1 V̇o2peak) young adults. Vascular assessments included flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, forearm reactive hyperemia (RH) via venous occlusion plethysmography, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a 5-min arterial occlusion. Acute inflammation was evident with increases in IL-6 and C-reactive protein (P < 0.01), and mean arterial pressure did not change (P = 0.33). FMD was lower in the high-fit group, yet it was reduced in both groups at 24 h, even after controlling for shear (P < 0.05). No effect of acute inflammation was observed for RH or NIRS (P > 0.05). Acute inflammation had nonuniform effects on vascular function throughout the arterial tree in young adults, and fitness did not alter the vascular response. This suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness may not protect the vasculature during acute inflammation in young adults in the absence of age- or disease-related decline in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Schroeder
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thessa I M Hilgenkamp
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wesley K Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nadia Robinson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Iyer PC, Rosenberg A, Baynard T, Madhavan S. Influence of neurovascular mechanisms on response to tDCS: an exploratory study. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2829-2840. [PMID: 31455998 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for stroke rehabilitation are limited by the variability in changes in corticomotor excitability (CME) after tDCS. Neuronal activity is closely related to cerebral blood flow; however, the cerebral hemodynamics of neuromodulation in relation to neural effects have been less explored. In this study, we examined the effects of tDCS on cerebral blood velocity (CBv) in chronic stroke survivors using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound in relation to changes in CME and described the neurovascular characteristics of tDCS responders. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) CBv, cerebrovascular resistance (CVRi) and other cerebral hemodynamics-related variables were continuously measured before and after 15 min of 1 mA anodal tDCS to the lesioned lower limb M1. tDCS did not modulate CBv in the whole group and upon TMS-based stratification of responders and non-responders. However, at baseline, responders demonstrated lower CME levels, lower CBv and higher CVRi as compared to non-responders. These results indicate a possible difference in baseline CME and CBv in tDCS responders that may influence their response to neuromodulation. Future trials with a large sample size and repeated baseline measurements may help validate these findings and establish a relationship between neuromodulation and neurovascular mechanisms in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja C Iyer
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Rosenberg
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sangeetha Madhavan
- Brain Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Lima NS, Rosenberg AJ., Grigoriadis G, Schroeder EC, Lefferts WK, Baynard T. Visceral Adiposity is Associated with Lower Cerebral Blood Velocity in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561983.91201.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schroeder EC, Hilgenkamp TIM, Lefferts WK, Sardeli AV, Arriola S, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Central and Local Arterial Stiffness During Acute Inflammation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562906.67679.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wee SO, Schroeder EC, Grigoriadis GO, Rosenberg AJ, Bunsawat K, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Vascular Response to Submaximal Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Individuals with Down Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562528.21417.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hilgenkamp TI, Schroeder EC, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Blood Pressure In Response To Hand Grip Exercise In Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562732.21829.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sherman SR, Hilgenkamp TI, Schroeder EC, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Attenuated Cardiac Autonomic Function in Response to Hand Grip Exercise Among Individuals with Intellectual Disability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562734.06582.c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Grigoriadis G, Hibner BA, Schroeder EC, Rosenberg AJ, Griffith G, Sardeli AV, Danciu OC, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Acute Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Breast Cancer Survivors: Preliminary Results. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561238.19258.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Bunsawat K, Grigoriadis G, Schroeder EC, Rosenberg AJ, Rader MM, Fadel PJ, Clifford PS, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Preserved ability to blunt sympathetically-mediated vasoconstriction in exercising skeletal muscle of young obese humans. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14068. [PMID: 31033212 PMCID: PMC6487469 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic vasoconstriction is attenuated in exercising muscles to assist in matching of blood flow with metabolic demand. This "functional sympatholysis" may be impaired in young obese individuals due to greater sympathetic activation and/or reduced local vasodilatory capacity of both small and large arteries, but this remains poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that functional sympatholysis is impaired in obese individuals compared with normal-weight counterparts. In 36 obese and normal-weight young healthy adults (n = 18/group), we measured forearm blood flow and calculated forearm vascular conductance (FVC) responses to reflex increases in sympathetic nerve activity induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise at 15% and 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). FVC was normalized to lean forearm mass. In normal-weight individuals, LBNP evoked a decrease in FVC (-16.1 ± 5.7%) in the resting forearm, and the reduction in FVC (15%MVC: -8.1 ± 3.3%; 30%MVC: -1.0 ± 4.0%) was blunted during exercise in an intensity-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Similarly, in obese individuals, LBNP evoked a comparable decrease in FVC (-10.9 ± 5.7%) in the resting forearm, with the reduction in FVC (15%MVC: -9.7 ± 3.3%; 30%MVC: -0.3 ± 4.0%) also blunted during exercise in an intensity-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The magnitude of sympatholysis was similar between groups (P > 0.05) and was intensity-dependent (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that functional sympatholysis is not impaired in young obese individuals without overt cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Bunsawat
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Georgios Grigoriadis
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Elizabeth C. Schroeder
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Alexander J. Rosenberg
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Melissa M. Rader
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Paul J. Fadel
- Department of KinesiologyCollege of Nursing and Health InnovationUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Philip S. Clifford
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryDepartment of Kinesiology and NutritionCollege of Applied Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
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Grigoriadis G, Hibner BA, Schroeder EC, Rosenberg AJ, Danciu OC, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Breast Cancer Survivors Improved Forearm Blood Flow Following a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise: Preliminary Results. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.541.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander J. Rosenberg
- University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
- University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTX
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Sherman SR, Hilgenkamp TI, Schroeder EC, Fernhall B, Baynard T. Sex Differences in Autonomic Response to Hand Grip Exercise Among Individuals with Intellectual Disability. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.853.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Sherman
- Integrative Physiology LabThe University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | | | | | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology LabThe University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology LabThe University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
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Schroeder EC, Hilgenkamp TI, Lefferts WK, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Influence of Fitness on Vascular Function in Young Adults during Acute Inflammation. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.523.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Hilgenkamp T, Wee SO, Hong K, Schroeder E, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Impaired Regulation of Peripheral Blood Flow and Blood Pressure in Adults with Down Syndrome. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.746.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thessa Hilgenkamp
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Sang Ouk Wee
- California State University San BernardinoSan BernardinoCA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | | | - Tracy Baynard
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL
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50
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Hilgenkamp TIM, Schroeder EC, Wee SO, Grigoriadis G, Rosenberg AJ, Baynard T, Fernhall B. Altered Central Hemodynamics in Individuals with Down Syndrome. Artery Res 2019. [DOI: 10.2991/artres.k.191204.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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