1
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Su C, Dallaston MA, Watson RD, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Cameron JP, Pierens GK, Bernhardt PV, Savage GP, Williams CM. The (±)-5-Aza[1.0]triblattane Skeleton via Azetine Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2024; 26:2827-2831. [PMID: 38253345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the 5-aza[1.0]triblattane skeleton was achieved through a [4 + 2] cycloaddition approach using a suitably protected azetine and cyclopentadiene. A series of azetines were synthesized to explore both stability and suitable N-protection. The key step following cycloaddition utilized a noninitiated protonated aminyl radical cyclization to install the final 5-azatriblattane bond, but it was found to be considerably more unstable than the 6-aza isomer under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Su
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Madeleine A Dallaston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Renée D Watson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Jacob P Cameron
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168 Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
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2
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Marshall DL, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Van Meurs DP, Kong D, Bernhardt PV, Blanksby SJ, Savage GP, Eaton PE, Williams CM. 9-Azahomocubane. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303133. [PMID: 37823679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Homocubane, a highly strained cage hydrocarbon, contains two very different positions for the introduction of a nitrogen atom into the skeleton, e. g., a position 1 exchange results in a tertiary amine whereas position 9 yields a secondary amine. Herein reported is the synthesis of 9-azahomocubane along with associated structural characterization, physical property analysis and chemical reactivity. Not only is 9-azahomocubane readily synthesized, and found to be stable as predicted, the basicity of the secondary amine was observed to be significantly lower than the structurally related azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, although similar to 1-azahomocubane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek P Van Meurs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Dehui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip E Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Kong D, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Kuo A, Simmons JL, Tan L, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Li R, West NP, Boyle GM, Smith MT, Savage GP, Williams CM. seco-1-Azacubane-2-carboxylic Acid: Derivative Scope and Comparative Biological Evaluation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:798-803. [PMID: 38131648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The unusual and sterically constrained amino acid, seco-1-azacubane-2-carboxylic acid, was incorporated into a range of bioactive chemical templates, including enalaprilat, perindoprilat, endomorphin-2 and isoniazid, and subjected to biological testing. The endomorphin-2 derivative displayed increased activity at the δ opioid receptor, but a loss in activity was observed in the other cases, although human normal cell line evaluation suggests limited cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andy Kuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacinta L Simmons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lendl Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Kong D, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Bernhardt PV, Savage GP, Williams CM. seco-1-Azacubane-2-carboxylic acid-Amide Bond Comparison to Proline. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12867-12871. [PMID: 37647582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
seco-1-Azacubane-2-carboxylic acid, an unusual and sterically constrained amino acid, was found to undergo amide bond formation at both the N- and C-termini using proline based bioactive molecule templates as a concept platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dehui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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5
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Marshall DL, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Hormann RE, Fisher AM, Bernhardt PV, Blanksby SJ, Savage GP, Eaton PE, Williams CM. 1-Azahomocubane. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2821-2825. [PMID: 36937576 PMCID: PMC10016339 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly strained cage hydrocarbons have long stood as fundamental molecules to explore the limits of chemical stability and reactivity, probe physical properties, and more recently as bioactive molecules and in materials discovery. Interestingly, the nitrogenous congeners have attracted much less attention. Previously absent from the literature, azahomocubanes, offer an opportunity to investigate the effects of a nitrogen atom when incorporated into a highly constrained polycyclic environment. Herein disclosed is the synthesis of 1-azahomocubane, accompanied by comprehensive structural characterization, physical property analysis and chemical reactivity. These data support the conclusion that nitrogen is remarkably well tolerated in a highly strained environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane 4000 Queensland Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Robert E Hormann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Allison M Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane 4000 Queensland Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory Melbourne 3168 Victoria Australia
| | - Philip E Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
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6
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Bernhardt PV, Savage GP, Williams CM. The (±)-6-Aza[1.0]triblattane Skeleton: Contraction beyond the Wilder-Culberson Ring System. Org Lett 2022; 24:903-906. [PMID: 35043631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the 6-aza[1.0]triblattane skeleton and the unexpected construction of the 7-azatetracyclo[4.2.1.02,5.03,7]nonane framework are reported, as inspired by the Wilder-Culberson 1-aza[1.1]triblattane ring system. The key steps to assess the 6-aza[1.0]triblattane include accessing the 1,6-cycloaddition product from reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate with cyclohept-1,3,5-triene followed by intramolecular electrocyclization and aminium radical cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- Ian Wark Laboratory, CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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7
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Savage GP, Williams CM. Photochemical generation of the 2-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-4,7-diene skeleton. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Houston SD, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Xing H, Chalmers BA, Sykes ML, Stok JE, Farfan Soto C, Burns JM, Bernhardt PV, De Voss JJ, Boyle GM, Smith MT, Tsanaktsidis J, Savage GP, Avery VM, Williams CM. The cubane paradigm in bioactive molecule discovery: further scope, limitations and the cyclooctatetraene complement. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:6790-6798. [PMID: 31241113 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cubane phenyl ring bioisostere paradigm was further explored in an extensive study covering a wide range of pharmaceutical and agrochemical templates, which included antibiotics (cefaclor, penicillin G) and antihistamine (diphenhydramine), a smooth muscle relaxant (alverine), an anaesthetic (ketamine), an agrochemical instecticide (triflumuron), an antiparasitic (benznidazole) and an anticancer agent (tamibarotene). This investigation highlights the scope and limitations of incorporating cubane into bioactive molecule discovery, both in terms of synthetic compatibility and physical property matching. Cubane maintained bioisosterism in the case of the Chagas disease antiparasitic benznidazole, although it was less active in the case of the anticancer agent (tamibarotenne). Application of the cyclooctatetraene (COT) (bio)motif complement was found to optimize benznidazole relative to the benzene parent, and augmented anticancer activity relative to the cubane analogue in the case of tamibarotene. Like all bioisosteres, scaffolds and biomotifs, however, there are limitations (e.g. synthetic implementation), and these have been specifically highlighted herein using failed examples. A summary of all templates prepared to date by our group that were biologically evaluated strongly supports the concept that cubane is a valuable tool in bioactive molecule discovery and COT is a viable complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan D Houston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Hui Xing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Benjamin A Chalmers
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Melissa L Sykes
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jeanette E Stok
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Clementina Farfan Soto
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
| | - Glen M Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UQ, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria (VIC), Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria (VIC), Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD), Australia.
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9
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Arachchige KSA, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Burns JM, Al-Fayaad HA, Behera JN, Rao CNR, Clegg JK, Williams CM. 1,4-Diazacubane crystal structure rectified as piperazinium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11751-11753. [PMID: 31513198 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All 21 [n]-azacubanes are proposed by theoreticians to be stable, however, to-date only the synthesis of 1,4-diazacubane has been reported - as a Ni2+ templated Kagome metal organic framework (MOF). Described herein is the structural reassignment of this Kagome MOF on the basis of deducing the precise experimental procedure, and demonstrating that rather than the formation of 1,4-diazacubane, charge is balanced by disordered piperazinium cations across a twelve-fold symmetry site. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations reveal that 1,4-diazacubane is unlikely to form under the reported conditions due to unfavorable enthalpies for select hypothetical reactions leading to such a product. This significant structure correction upholds the unconquered synthesis status quo of azacubane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Hydar A Al-Fayaad
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jogendra N Behera
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, India and Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India and School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
| | - C N R Rao
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, India and Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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10
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Xing H, Houston SD, Chen X, Ghassabian S, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Kuo A, Murray CEP, Conn KA, Jaeschke KN, Jin DY, Pasay C, Bernhardt PV, Burns JM, Tsanaktsidis J, Savage GP, Boyle GM, De Voss JJ, McCarthy J, Walter GH, Burne THJ, Smith MT, Tie JK, Williams CM. Cyclooctatetraene: A Bioactive Cubane Paradigm Complement. Chemistry 2019; 25:2729-2734. [PMID: 30681236 PMCID: PMC6436534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cubane was recently validated as a phenyl ring (bio)isostere, but highly strained caged carbocyclic systems lack π character, which is often critical for mediating key biological interactions. This electronic property restriction associated with cubane has been addressed herein with cyclooctatetraene (COT), using known pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds as templates. COT either outperformed or matched cubane in multiple cases suggesting that versatile complementarity exists between the two systems for enhanced bioactive molecule discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD, Australia
| | - Sevan D Houston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD, Australia
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sussan Ghassabian
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD, Australia
| | - Andy Kuo
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
| | | | - Kyna-Anne Conn
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
| | - Kara N Jaeschke
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
| | - Da-Yun Jin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Cielo Pasay
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CISRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria (VIC, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CISRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria (VIC, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Gimme H Walter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, University of Queensland (UQ), Australia
| | - Jian-Ke Tie
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, 4072, Queensland (QLD, Australia
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