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Cochran L, Hill S, Lotti U, Allenspach K, Palma D, Forman M, Gary AT, Dogan B, McDonough SP, Simpson KW. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of E. coli-associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs: five cases (2010-2014). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:588-598. [PMID: 33660270 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous ileocolitis in dogs. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records from dogs with periodic acid-Schiff positive (PAS+) granulomatous ileocolitis and mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum and colon. Initial bacterial colonisation was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in all dogs and corroborated with colonic and/or ileal culture, when performed. RESULTS Four boxer dogs and 1 French Bulldog with PAS+ granulomatous ileocolitis (GIC) were evaluated. All dogs had chronic diarrhoea refractory to empirical therapy. Ileocolonoscopy revealed mucosal haemorrhage and ulceration in the ileum (3/4) and colon (5/5). E. coli were visualised as clusters within the ileal and colonic mucosa. Complete (CR, 4/5) or partial (PR, 1/5) clinical response to fluoroquinolones was noted in all dogs within 30 days. CR was sustained in three of four dogs (median disease-free interval 40 months, range 16 to 60). Two dogs relapsed while receiving fluoroquinolones. Repeat biopsy isolated multidrug-resistant, mucosally invasive E. coli in the ileum (1/2) and colon (2/2). Targeted antimicrobial therapy was associated with long-term PR (78 months) in both dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Concurrent E. coli-associated granulomatous inflammation in the ileum and colon did not impart a poor clinical outcome or lack of response to the conventional standard of care for granulomatous colitis in dogs that were aggressively diagnosed and treated. Clinical outcome was influenced by antimicrobial resistance, with response dependent upon antimicrobial therapy informed by susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cochran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego by Ethos, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - S Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - U Lotti
- Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole Srl, Via Costantino Nigra, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
| | - K Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50011-1134, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - M Forman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, 06902, USA
| | - A T Gary
- Arkansas Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2150 Bypass Road, Heber Springs, Arkansas, 72543, USA
| | - B Dogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - S P McDonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, T8 008A Veterinary Research Tower, Box 17 Ithaca, New York, 14853-6401, USA
| | - K W Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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Gianella P, Lotti U, Bellino C, Bresciani F, Cagnasso A, Fracassi F, D'angelo A, Pietra M. Clinicopathologic and prognostic factors in short- and long-term surviving dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:163-169. [PMID: 28248185 DOI: 10.17236/sat00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the characteristics of short- and long-term surviving dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and to identify factors that predict its outcome. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 59 client- owned dogs with PLE diagnosed at three different hospitals between January 2009 and November 2013. The dogs were classified as either short-term (= 6 months; STs) or long-term (> 6 months; LTs) survivors. Clinical and clinicopathological variables were investigated between the groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Nineteen dogs were classified as STs and 40 as LTs. Body weight and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the STs at diagnosis (P < 0.05). At 1 month after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (data- driven cut-off, T1), chronic canine enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) scores were higher (P < 0.01) and albumin, serum total protein and total cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in the STs. ROC curve analysis showed that CCECAI > 5 evaluated at T1 was the best predictor of poor outcome. Although the severity of clinical signs and the majority of clinicopathological findings at diagnosis did not influence the outcome, survival time was shorter in the dogs with high CCECAI scores at T1 and which did not respond to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - U Lotti
- Veterinary Clinic Valdinievole, Monsummano Terme (PT), Italy
| | - C Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - F Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - A Cagnasso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - F Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - A D'angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - M Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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