1
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Le Saux O, Canada B, Debarnot U, Haouhache NEH, Lehot JJ, Binay M, Cortet M, Rimmelé T, Duclos A, Rode G, Lilot M, Schlatter S. Association of Personality Traits With the Efficacy of Stress Management Interventions for Medical Students Taking Objective Structured Clinical Examinations. Acad Med 2024:00001888-990000000-00815. [PMID: 38534105 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Personality traits are associated with psychophysiological stress, but few studies focus on medical students. This study aimed to better understand the association of personality traits with the efficacy of stress management interventions for medical students. METHOD A randomized controlled trial was conducted with fourth-year students who took the objective structured clinical examination at Bernard University Lyon 1 in December 2021. Students were randomized in cardiac biofeedback, mindfulness, and control groups. Each intervention was implemented for 6 minutes before the examination. Physiological stress levels were collected during the intervention. Psychological stress levels were rated by students at baseline and after the intervention. Personality traits were assessed via the Big-Five Inventory. Interactions between personality traits and the efficacy of the interventions were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Four hundred eighty-one students participated. Higher baseline psychological stress levels were associated with higher neuroticism and agreeableness (β = 10.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [7.40, 13.13], P < .001 and β = 3.42, 95% CI [0.98, 5.85], P = .006, respectively) and lower openness (β = -4.95, 95% CI [-7.40, -2.49], P < .001). As compared to the control intervention, both stress management interventions led to lower levels of psychological (P < .001 for both) and physiological stress levels (biofeedback: P < .001 and mindfulness: P = .009). Biofeedback efficacy varied by extraversion score for psychological (β = -5.66, 95% CI [-10.83, -0.50], P = .03) and physiological stress reduction (β = -0.002, 95% CI [-0.003, -0.00004], P = .045). Mindfulness efficacy varied by agreeableness score for psychological stress reduction (β = -7.87, 95% CI [-13.05, -2.68], P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Students with a high score in extraversion may benefit more from biofeedback interventions, while students with high scores in agreeableness may benefit more from mindfulness interventions.
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Goldberg M, Pairot de Fontenay B, Blache Y, Debarnot U. Effects of morning and evening physical exercise on subjective and objective sleep quality: an ecological study. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13996. [PMID: 37431176 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
To optimise the relationship between exercise and sleep quality, the intensity of exercise and its proximity to sleep are key factors to manage. Although low-to-moderate exercises promote sleep quality, late-evening vigorous exercise instead of morning should still be avoided. It potentially impacts the objective and subjective markers of sleep quality. In the present study, we investigated the effects of vigorous morning and evening exercise on objective and subjective sleep features in an ecological context. A total of 13 recreational runners (mean [SD] age 27.7 [7.2] years, four females) performed a 45-60 min run (70% maximal aerobic velocity) either in the MORNING (30 min to 2 h after waking-up) or in the EVENING (2 h to 30 min before sleep). The two exercise conditions were separated by a REST day. After each condition, sleep was objectively assessed using an electroencephalographic headband and subjectively using the Spiegel Sleep Inventory. Compared with REST, both MORNING and EVENING exercise increased the time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM, +24.9 min and +22.7 min; p = 0.01, η2 = 0.11, respectively). Longer NREM duration was mainly due to sleep stage 2 extension after both MORNING (+20.8 min) and EVENING (+22.8 min) exercise relative to REST (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.12). No other effect of exercise on either objective or subjective sleep could be observed. Exercise, independently of the time at which it takes place, leads to extended NREM sleep without other effects on sleep quality. Considering the crucial role of exercise in achieving good health, sleep hygiene guidelines should be updated to promote exercise at any time of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Goldberg
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benoit Pairot de Fontenay
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yoann Blache
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Di Rienzo F, Debarnot U, Daligault S, Delpuech C, Doyon J, Guillot A. Brain plasticity underlying sleep-dependent motor consolidation after motor imagery. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11431-11445. [PMID: 37814365 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery can, similarly to physical practice, improve motor performance through experience-based plasticity. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated changes in brain activity associated with offline consolidation of motor sequence learning through physical practice or motor imagery. After an initial training session with either physical practice or motor imagery, participants underwent overnight consolidation. As control condition, participants underwent wake-related consolidation after training with motor imagery. Behavioral analyses revealed that overnight consolidation of motor learning through motor imagery outperformed wake-related consolidation (95% CI [0.02, 0.07], P < 0.001, RP2 = 0.05). As regions of interest, we selected the generators of event-related synchronization/desynchronization of alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations, which predicted the level of performance on the motor sequence. This yielded a primary sensorimotor-premotor network for alpha oscillations and a cortico-cerebellar network for beta oscillations. The alpha network exhibited increased neural desynchronization after overnight consolidation compared to wake-related consolidation. By contrast, the beta network exhibited an increase in neural synchronization after wake-related consolidation compared to overnight consolidation. We provide the first evidence of parallel brain plasticity underlying behavioral changes associated with sleep-dependent consolidation of motor skill learning through motor imagery and physical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Claude Delpuech
- CERMEP - Imagerie du Vivant, MEG Departement, Lyon, Bron 69677, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes 75005 Paris, France
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Conessa A, Debarnot U, Siegler I, Boutin A. Sleep-related motor skill consolidation and generalizability after physical practice, motor imagery, and action observation. iScience 2023; 26:107314. [PMID: 37520714 PMCID: PMC10374463 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep benefits the consolidation of motor skills learned by physical practice, mainly through periodic thalamocortical sleep spindle activity. However, motor skills can be learned without overt movement through motor imagery or action observation. Here, we investigated whether sleep spindle activity also supports the consolidation of non-physically learned movements. Forty-five electroencephalographic sleep recordings were collected during a daytime nap after motor sequence learning by physical practice, motor imagery, or action observation. Our findings reveal that a temporal cluster-based organization of sleep spindles underlies motor memory consolidation in all groups, albeit with distinct behavioral outcomes. A daytime nap offers an early sleep window promoting the retention of motor skills learned by physical practice and motor imagery, and its generalizability toward the inter-manual transfer of skill after action observation. Findings may further have practical impacts with the development of non-physical rehabilitation interventions for patients having to remaster skills following peripherical or brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Conessa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- University Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA7424, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Siegler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Boutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405 Orsay, France
- Université d’Orléans, CIAMS, 45067 Orléans, France
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Rabattu PY, Debarnot U, Hoyek N. Exploring the impact of interactive movement-based anatomy learning in real classroom setting among kinesiology students. Anat Sci Educ 2023; 16:148-156. [PMID: 35080341 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Descriptive and functional anatomy is one of the most important sciences for kinesiology students. Anatomy learning requires spatial and motor imagery abilities. Learning anatomy is complex when teaching methods and instructional tools do not appropriately develop spatial and motor imagery abilities. Recent technological developments such as three-dimensional (3D) digital tools allow to overcome those difficulties, especially when 3D tools require strong interactions with the learners. Besides interactive digital tools, embodied learning or learning in motion is an effective method for a wide variety of sciences including anatomy. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of combining movement execution with 3D animation visualization on anatomy learning in a real classroom teaching context. To do so, the results of two groups of kinesiology students during three official assessments were compared. The experimental group (n = 60) learned functional anatomy by combining movement execution with traditional knowledge acquisition (e.g., 3D animations visualization, problem-based learning exercises). The control group (n = 61) had the same material but did not execute the movements during problem-solving exercises. Although no differences were found between both groups on early and mid-semester examinations, significant difference appeared at the end of the semester with an advantage for the experimental group. This exploratory study suggests that embodied learning is beneficial in improving functional anatomy learning. Therefore, it would be interesting to integrate such type of pedagogical approach within the kinesiology curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Rabattu
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie des Alpes Françaises (LADAF), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine de Grenoble, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
- Département de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Nady Hoyek
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Nalborczyk L, Debarnot U, Longcamp M, Guillot A, Alario FX. The Role of Motor Inhibition During Covert Speech Production. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:804832. [PMID: 35355587 PMCID: PMC8959424 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.804832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Covert speech is accompanied by a subjective multisensory experience with auditory and kinaesthetic components. An influential hypothesis states that these sensory percepts result from a simulation of the corresponding motor action that relies on the same internal models recruited for the control of overt speech. This simulationist view raises the question of how it is possible to imagine speech without executing it. In this perspective, we discuss the possible role(s) played by motor inhibition during covert speech production. We suggest that considering covert speech as an inhibited form of overt speech maps naturally to the purported progressive internalization of overt speech during childhood. We further argue that the role of motor inhibition may differ widely across different forms of covert speech (e.g., condensed vs. expanded covert speech) and that considering this variety helps reconciling seemingly contradictory findings from the neuroimaging literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislas Nalborczyk
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, Marseille, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Langlois P, Perrochon A, David R, Rainville P, Wood C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Pageaux B, Ounajim A, Lavallière M, Debarnot U, Luque-Moreno C, Roulaud M, Simoneau M, Goudman L, Moens M, Rigoard P, Billot M. Hypnosis to manage musculoskeletal and neuropathic chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Schlatter S, Guillot A, Schmidt L, Mura M, Trama R, Di Rienzo F, Lilot M, Debarnot U. Combining proactive transcranial stimulation and cardiac biofeedback to substantially manage harmful stress effects. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1384-1392. [PMID: 34438047 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as a core region in cognitive emotional regulation. Transcranial direct current stimulations of the dlPFC (tDCS) and heart-rate variability biofeedback (BFB) are known to regulate emotional processes. However, the effect of these interventions applied either alone or concomitantly during an anticipatory stress remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effect of anodal tDCS and BFB, alone or combined, on psychophysiological stress responses and cognitive functioning. METHODS Following a stress anticipation induction, 80 participants were randomized into four groups and subjected to a 15-min intervention: neutral video viewing (ctrl), left dlPFC anodal tDCS (tdcs), heart-rate variability biofeedback (bfb), or a combined treatment (bfb + tdcs). Participants were then immediately confronted with the stressor, which was followed by an assessment of executive functions. Psychophysiological stress responses were assessed throughout the experiment (heart rate, heart-rate variability, salivary cortisol). RESULTS The tdcs did not modulate stress responses. Compared with both ctrl and tdcs interventions, bfb reduced physiological stress and improved executive functions after the stressor. The main finding revealed that bfb + tdcs was the most effective intervention, yielding greater reduction in psychological and physiological stress responses than bfb. CONCLUSIONS Combining preventive tDCS with BFB is a relevant interventional approach to reduce psychophysiological stress responses, hence offering a new and non-invasive treatment of stress-related disorders. Biofeedback may be particularly useful for preparing for an important stressful event when performance is decisive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schlatter
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622, Villeurbanne, France; Centre Lyonnais d'Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, high fidelity medical simulation centre), SAMSEI, Lyon, France.
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France; Centre Lyonnais d'Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, high fidelity medical simulation centre), SAMSEI, Lyon, France.
| | - Mathilde Mura
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Robin Trama
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Marc Lilot
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Centre Lyonnais d'Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, high fidelity medical simulation centre), SAMSEI, Lyon, France.
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622, Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.
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Debarnot U, Perrault AA, Sterpenich V, Legendre G, Huber C, Guillot A, Schwartz S. Motor imagery practice benefits during arm immobilization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8928. [PMID: 33903619 PMCID: PMC8076317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is known to engage motor networks and is increasingly used as a relevant strategy in functional rehabilitation following immobilization, whereas its effects when applied during immobilization remain underexplored. Here, we hypothesized that MI practice during 11 h of arm-immobilization prevents immobilization-related changes at the sensorimotor and cortical representations of hand, as well as on sleep features. Fourteen participants were tested after a normal day (without immobilization), followed by two 11-h periods of immobilization, either with concomitant MI treatment or control tasks, one week apart. At the end of each condition, participants were tested on a hand laterality judgment task, then underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure cortical excitability of the primary motor cortices (M1), followed by a night of sleep during which polysomnography data was recorded. We show that MI treatment applied during arm immobilization had beneficial effects on (1) the sensorimotor representation of hands, (2) the cortical excitability over M1 contralateral to arm-immobilization, and (3) sleep spindles over both M1s during the post-immobilization night. Furthermore, (4) the time spent in REM sleep was significantly longer, following the MI treatment. Altogether, these results support that implementing MI during immobilization may limit deleterious effects of limb disuse, at several levels of sensorimotor functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Campus Biotech, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Aurore A Perrault
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Campus Biotech, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Virginie Sterpenich
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Campus Biotech, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Legendre
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Campus Biotech, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chieko Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Campus Biotech, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Affective Science, Campus Biotech, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Schlatter S, Schmidt L, Lilot M, Guillot A, Debarnot U. Implementing biofeedback as a proactive coping strategy: Psychological and physiological effects on anticipatory stress. Behav Res Ther 2021; 140:103834. [PMID: 33743384 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Anticipating a stressful situation involves psychophysiological reactions before the occurrence of the overt stress event. The current challenge in the stress domain is to characterize anticipatory stress reactions and how to effectively modulate them. The present study aimed to characterize the anticipation period and evaluate the benefits of a heart-rate variability biofeedback (BFB) intervention designed to manage anticipatory stress. Healthy participants were exposed to an anticipation stress period (15 min) during which they either practised BFB (stress + bfb, n = 15) or watched a neutral video (stress + video, n = 14). Anticipatory stress was effectively induced by the Trier Social Anticipatory Stress (TSAS) protocol, specifically designed for this study. Control participants, without anticipation stress, practised BFB for an equivalent time (ctrl + bfb, n = 15). Subsequently, all participants performed a set of cognitive tasks assessing executive functions. Heart-rate variability (cardiac coherence, standard deviation of the R-R intervals, root mean square of successive difference measure) and the evolution of the perceived psychological state were measured during the anticipation period. Self-reported judgements of how the intervention influenced stress and performance were further assessed. The main result showed that BFB is a relevant proactive stress-coping method. Compared with the stress + video group, participants who practised BFB attained higher cardiac coherence scores. Post-intervention self-reported measures revealed that BFB contributed to reduce psychological stress and increase perceived levels of performance. Together, these findings provide practical guidelines for examining the stress anticipation period by means of the TSAS protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schlatter
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de La Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Lilot
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Lyon, France; Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lyon, France; Centre Lyonnais d'Enseignement par Simulation en Santé (CLESS, medical simulation centre), University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de La Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de La Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.
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Kanthack TFD, Guillot A, Clémençon M, Debarnot U, Di Rienzo F. Effect of Physical Fatigue Elicited by Continuous and Intermittent Exercise on Motor Imagery Ability. Res Q Exerc Sport 2020; 91:525-538. [PMID: 32023175 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1691709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The ability to perform motor imagery (MI) might be impaired by the physical fatigue elicited during training. Interestingly, there is also theoretical support for a more limited influence of fatigue in the existing literature. Method: We evaluated MI ability before and after two exercise protocols: (i) a continuous exercise of 20 min performed on a cycle ergometer at 80% of the secondary ventilatory threshold (Continuous exercise), and (ii) an intermittent exercise of 20 min involving sprints at maximal intensity performed with regular intervals (Intermittent exercise). MI ability evaluations were performed using validated behavioral (mental chronometry) and psychometric (subjective reports) methods. MI ability evaluations included mental rehearsal of a motor sequence which involved the main effectors of the exercise protocols (walking), and mental rehearsal of a motor task which did not involve the main somatic effectors of the exercise protocols (pointing movements with the upper limbs). Results: Mental chronometry showed that MI ability was degraded only after Intermittent exercise, while self-report measures of MI vividness revealed that MI ability was primarily impaired during MI of the walking task. Conclusions: Present results suggest that Intermittent exercise engaging anaerobic processes of energy expenditure, but not Continuous exercise engaging aerobic processes of energy expenditure, impaired MI ability. Findings are discussed in relation to the internal models theory of motor simulation, specifically changes in current state of the motor system under the fatigued state-affecting motor predictions. Present findings may contribute to successful applications of MI training in sports and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Michel Clémençon
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Normandie Université, Université de Rouen
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Freitas E, Saimpont A, Blache Y, Debarnot U. Acquisition and consolidation of sequential footstep movements with physical and motor imagery practice. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2477-2484. [PMID: 32777113 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-dependent performance enhancement has been consistently reported after explicit sequential finger learning, even using motor imagery practice (MIP), but whether similar sleep benefits occur after explicit sequential gross motor learning with the lower limbs has been addressed less often. Here, we investigated both acquisition and consolidation processes in an innovative sequential footstep task performed either physically or mentally. Forty-eight healthy young participants were tested before and after physical practice (PP) or MIP on the footstep task, following either a night of sleep (PPsleep and MIPsleep groups) or an equivalent daytime period (PPday and MIPday groups). Results showed that all groups improved motor performance following the acquisition session, albeit the magnitude of enhancement in the MIP groups remained lower relative to the PP groups. Importantly, only the MIPsleep group further improved performance after a night of sleep, while the other groups stabilized their performance after consolidation. Together, these findings demonstrate a sleep-dependent gain in performance after MIP in a sequential motor task with the lower limbs but not after PP. Overall, the present study is of particular importance in the context of motor learning and functional rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Freitas
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard-Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Saimpont
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard-Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yoann Blache
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard-Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard-Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Schlatter S, Guillot A, Faes C, Saruco E, Collet C, Di Rienzo F, Debarnot U. Acute stress affects implicit but not explicit motor imagery: A pilot study. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 152:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Debarnot U, Di Rienzo F, Daligault S, Schwartz S. Motor Imagery Training During Arm Immobilization Prevents Corticomotor Idling: An EEG Resting-State Analysis. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:327-335. [PMID: 32221707 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Limb disuse causes overt, measurable alterations in motor functions. Motor imagery (MI) practice has been used as a behavioral strategy to prevent motor impairments due to limb disuse or immobilization. Yet, how MI operates at the neural level in the context of short-term limb immobilization remains understudied. We hypothesized that MI treatment applied during 12 h of arm immobilization prevents immobilization-related changes in resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) power and functional connectivity. Fourteen participants first underwent rsEEG after 12 h of normal motor activity (without immobilization). Then, rsEEG recording was performed after 12 h of arm immobilization either with MI treatment or without, each condition separated by 1 week, according to a randomized within-subjects design. MI treatment consisted in performing varied visual and kinaesthetic MI exercises (5 sessions of 15 min every two hours). The results showed that in the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands, interhemispheric difference in sensors power over the motor cortex (i.e. C3 vs. C4) was reduced after arm immobilization, while it did not change when MI treatment was delivered during the immobilization period. Moreover, functional connectivity across the sensors-network in the delta (1-4 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency bands decreased after immobilization while it was restored by MI treatment. To conclude, MI counteracts functional neural changes within and between motor regions in the context of limb immobilization. Practical applications for motor rehabilitation strategies, particularly in stroke patients, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Di Rienzo F, Joassy P, Kanthack T, MacIntyre TE, Debarnot U, Blache Y, Hautier C, Collet C, Guillot A. Effects of Action Observation and Action Observation Combined with Motor Imagery on Maximal Isometric Strength. Neuroscience 2019; 418:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kanthack TFD, Guillot A, Saboul D, Debarnot U, Di Rienzo F. Breathing with the mind: Effects of motor imagery on breath-hold performance. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112583. [PMID: 31220518 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed at studying the effect of Motor Imagery (MI), i.e., the mental representation of a movement without executing it, on breath-holding performance. Classical guidelines for efficient MI interventions advocate for a congruent MI practice with regards to the requirements of the physical performance, specifically in terms of physiological arousal. We specifically aimed at studying whether an incongruent form of MI practice might enhance the breath-hold performance. In a counterbalanced design including three experimental sessions, participants engaged in maximal breath-hold trials while concomitantly performing i) MI of breathing, ii) MI of breath-hold, and iii) an "ecological" breath-hold trial, i.e., without specific instructions of MI practice. In addition to breath-hold durations, we measured the cardiac activity and blood oxygen saturation. Performance was improved during MI of breathing (73.06 s ± 24.53) compared to both MI of breath-hold (70.57 s ± 18.15) and the control condition (67.67 s ± 19.27) (p < 0.05). The mechanisms underlying breath-hold performance improvements during MI of breathing remain uncertain. MI of breathing might participate to decrease the threat perception associated with breath-holding, presumably due to psychological and physiological effects associated with the internal simulation of a breathing body state.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ferreira Dias Kanthack
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Faculdade de Ensino Superior do Interior Paulista, Marília, Brazil
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Damien Saboul
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Be-Studys, a Brand of Be-Ys Group, route de Meyrin 123, 1219 Vernier - Châtelaine, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Debarnot U, Neveu R, Samaha Y, Saruco E, Macintyre T, Guillot A. Acquisition and consolidation of implicit motor learning with physical and mental practice across multiple days of anodal tDCS. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107062. [PMID: 31377178 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquisition and consolidation of a new motor skill occurs gradually over long time span. Motor imagery (MI) and brain stimulation have been showed as beneficial approaches that boost motor learning, but little is known about the extent of their combined effects. OBJECTIVE Here, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, whether delivering multiple sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary motor cortex during physical and MI practice might improve implicit motor sequence learning in a young population. METHODS Participants practiced a serial reaction time task (SRTT) either physically or through MI, and concomitantly received either an anodal (excitatory) or sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex during three successive days. The effect of anodal tDCS on the general motor skill and sequence specific learning were assessed on both acquisition (within-day) and consolidation (between-day) processes. We further compared the magnitude of motor learning reached after a single and three daily sessions of tDCS. RESULTS The main finding showed that anodal tDCS boosted MI practice, but not physical practice, during the first acquisition session. A second major result showed that compared to sham stimulation, multiple daily session of anodal tDCS, for both types of practice, resulted in greater implicit motor sequence learning rather than a single session of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The present study is of particular importance in the context of rehabilitation, where we postulate that scheduling mental training when patients are not able to perform physical movement might beneficiate from concomitant and consecutive brain stimulation sessions over M1 to promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Rémi Neveu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 1200 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Samaha
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elodie Saruco
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France; Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Bergmannsheil gGmbH, Forschungsgruppe Plastizität, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tadhg Macintyre
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69 622 Villeurbanne, France
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Guillot A, Debarnot U. Benefits of Motor Imagery for Human Space Flight: A Brief Review of Current Knowledge and Future Applications. Front Physiol 2019; 10:396. [PMID: 31031635 PMCID: PMC6470189 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is arguably one of the most remarkable capacities of the human mind. There is now strong experimental evidence that MI contributes to substantial improvements in motor learning and performance. The therapeutic benefits of MI in promoting motor recovery among patients with motor impairments have also been reported. Despite promising theoretical and experimental findings, the utility of MI in adapting to unusual conditions, such as weightlessness during space flight, has received far less attention. In this review, we consider how, why, where, and when MI might be used by astronauts, and further evaluate the optimum MI content. Practically, we suggest that MI might be performed before, during, and after exposure to microgravity, respectively, to prepare for the rapid changes in gravitational forces after launch and to reduce the adverse effects of weightlessness exposition. Moreover, MI has potential role in facilitating re-adaptation when returning to Earth after long exposure to microgravity. Suggestions for further research include a focus on the multi-sensory aspects of MI, the requirement to use temporal characteristics as a measurement tool, and to account for the knowledge-base or metacognitive processes underlying optimal MI implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Debarnot U, Huber C, Guillot A, Schwartz S. Sensorimotor representation and functional motor changes following short-term arm immobilization. Behav Neurosci 2018; 132:595-603. [DOI: 10.1037/bne0000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Debarnot U, Rossi M, Faraguna U, Schwartz S, Sebastiani L. Sleep does not facilitate insight in older adults. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 140:106-113. [PMID: 28219752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has been shown to foster the process of insight generation in young adults during problem solving activities. Aging is characterized by substantial changes in sleep architecture altering memory consolidation. Whether sleep might promote the occurrence of insight in older adults as well has not yet been tested experimentally. To address this issue, we tested healthy young and old volunteers on an insight problem solving task, involving both explicit and implicit features, before and after a night of sleep or a comparable wakefulness period. Data showed that insight emerged significantly less frequently after a night of sleep in older adults compared to young. Moreover, there was no difference in the magnitude of insight occurrence following sleep and daytime -consolidation in aged participants. We further found that acquisition of implicit knowledge in the task before sleep potentiated the gain of insight in young participants, but this effect was not observed in aged participants. Overall, present findings demonstrate that a period of sleep does not significantly promote insight in problem solving in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Science-EA 7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Marta Rossi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy; Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Sebastiani
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy
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Di Rienzo F, Debarnot U, Daligault S, Saruco E, Delpuech C, Doyon J, Collet C, Guillot A. Online and Offline Performance Gains Following Motor Imagery Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:315. [PMID: 27445755 PMCID: PMC4923126 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that motor imagery (MI) promotes motor learning. While MI has been shown to influence the early stages of the learning process, recent data revealed that sleep also contributes to the consolidation of the memory trace. How such "online" and "offline" processes take place and how they interact to impact the neural underpinnings of movements has received little attention. The aim of the present review is twofold: (i) providing an overview of recent applied and fundamental studies investigating the effects of MI practice (MIP) on motor learning; and (ii) detangling applied and fundamental findings in support of a sleep contribution to motor consolidation after MIP. We conclude with an integrative approach of online and offline learning resulting from intense MIP in healthy participants, and underline research avenues in the motor learning/clinical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Laboratoire de Neurologie et d'Imagerie Cognitive, Université de GenèveGeneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Elodie Saruco
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claude Delpuech
- INSERM U821, Département MEG, CERMEP Imagerie Du Vivant Bron, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Département de Psychologie, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Collet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
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Debarnot U, Crépon B, Orriols E, Abram M, Charron S, Lion S, Roca P, Oppenheim C, Gueguen B, Ergis AM, Baron JC, Piolino P. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over left BA10 enhances virtual reality-based prospective memory in healthy aged subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2360-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Debarnot U, Abichou K, Kalenzaga S, Sperduti M, Piolino P. Variable motor imagery training induces sleep memory consolidation and transfer improvements. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 119:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Debarnot U, Sperduti M, Di Rienzo F, Guillot A. Corrigendum: Experts bodies, experts minds: how physical and mental training shape the brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:47. [PMID: 25708237 PMCID: PMC4321577 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Département des Neurosciences Fondamentales, Centre Médical Universitaire, Université de Genève Genève, Switzerland
| | - Marco Sperduti
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (InsermUMRS894), Université Paris Descartes Paris, France ; Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Institut de Psychologie Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
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Debarnot U, Guillot A. When music tempo affects the temporal congruence between physical practice and motor imagery. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2014; 149:40-4. [PMID: 24681309 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When people listen to music, they hear beat and a metrical structure in the rhythm; these perceived patterns enable coordination with the music. A clear correspondence between the tempo of actual movement (e.g., walking) and that of music has been demonstrated, but whether similar coordination occurs during motor imagery is unknown. Twenty participants walked naturally for 8m, either physically or mentally, while listening to slow and fast music, or not listening to anything at all (control condition). Executed and imagined walking times were recorded to assess the temporal congruence between physical practice (PP) and motor imagery (MI). Results showed a difference when comparing slow and fast time conditions, but each of these durations did not differ from soundless condition times, hence showing that body movement may not necessarily change in order to synchronize with music. However, the main finding revealed that the ability to achieve temporal congruence between PP and MI times was altered when listening to either slow or fast music. These data suggest that when physical movement is modulated with respect to the musical tempo, the MI efficacy of the corresponding movement may be affected by the rhythm of the music. Practical applications in sport are discussed as athletes frequently listen to music before competing while they mentally practice their movements to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Département des Neurosciences Fondamentales, CMU, Université de Genève, Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève, Suisse; Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm UMR S894), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le sport, EA 647, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Debarnot U, Sperduti M, Di Rienzo F, Guillot A. Experts bodies, experts minds: How physical and mental training shape the brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:280. [PMID: 24847236 PMCID: PMC4019873 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skill learning is the improvement in perceptual, cognitive, or motor performance following practice. Expert performance levels can be achieved with well-organized knowledge, using sophisticated and specific mental representations and cognitive processing, applying automatic sequences quickly and efficiently, being able to deal with large amounts of information, and many other challenging task demands and situations that otherwise paralyze the performance of novices. The neural reorganizations that occur with expertise reflect the optimization of the neurocognitive resources to deal with the complex computational load needed to achieve peak performance. As such, capitalizing on neuronal plasticity, brain modifications take place over time-practice and during the consolidation process. One major challenge is to investigate the neural substrates and cognitive mechanisms engaged in expertise, and to define “expertise” from its neural and cognitive underpinnings. Recent insights showed that many brain structures are recruited during task performance, but only activity in regions related to domain-specific knowledge distinguishes experts from novices. The present review focuses on three expertise domains placed across a motor to mental gradient of skill learning: sequential motor skill, mental simulation of the movement (motor imagery), and meditation as a paradigmatic example of “pure” mental training. We first describe results on each specific domain from the initial skill acquisition to expert performance, including recent results on the corresponding underlying neural mechanisms. We then discuss differences and similarities between these domains with the aim to identify the highlights of the neurocognitive processes underpinning expertise, and conclude with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Département des Neurosciences Fondamentales, Centre Médical Universitaire, Université de Genéve Genéve, Suisse ; Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex Lyon, France
| | - Marco Sperduti
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm UMR S894), Université Paris Descartes Paris, France ; Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Institut de Psychologie Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex Lyon, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex Lyon, France ; Institut Universitaire de France Paris, France
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Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a night of sleep may play a similar functional role following motor imagery (MI) practice. Here we examined whether offline gains following MI of a finger tapping sequence depends on the degree of complexity of the motor sequence, and whether this improvement differentially affects the individual transitions of the motor-sequence pattern being learned. The data revealed greater delayed performance gains in motor skill procedures that were most difficult, with larger sleep-dependent overnight improvement for movements involving bimanual coordination. The analyses of single transitions between sequence elements further revealed greatest overnight improvement in speed for the slowest (i.e., most difficult) transitions at the re-test. These findings suggest that sleep-related performance gains for imagined movements depend on motor skill complexity, and that difficult transition movements are most effectively enhanced after a night of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, France
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Abstract
A wide range of experimental studies have provided evidence that a night of sleep contributes to memory consolidation. Mental rotation (MR) skill is characterized by fundamental aspect of both cognitive and motor abilities which can be improved within practice sessions, but little is known about the effect of consolidation after MR practice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of MR training and the following corresponding day- and sleep-related time consolidations in taking into account the well-established gender difference in MR. Forty participants (20 women) practiced a computerized version of the Vandenberg and Kuse MR task. Performance was evaluated before MR training, as well as prior to, and after a night of sleep or a similar daytime interval. Data showed that while men outperformed women during the pre-training test, brief MR practice was sufficient for women to achieve equivalent performance. Only participants subjected to a night of sleep were found to enhance MR performance during the retest, independently of gender. These results provide first evidence that a night of sleep facilitates MR performance compared with spending a similar daytime interval, regardless gender of the participants. Since MR is known to involve motor processes, the present data might contribute to schedule relevant mental practice interventions for fruitful applications in rehabilitation and motor learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm UMR S894), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Debarnot U, Sahraoui D, Champely S, Collet C, Guillot A. Selective influence of circadian modulation and task characteristics on motor imagery time. Res Q Exerc Sport 2012; 83:442-450. [PMID: 22978194 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2012.10599879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of circadian modulation on motor imagery (MI) time while also considering the effects of task complexity and duration. The ability to imagine in real time was influenced by circadian modulation in a simple walking condition, with longer MI times in the morning and evening sessions. By contrast, there was no effect of circadian rhythm in the complex, short or long walking conditions. We concluded that motor imagery time is modulated during the course of the day, but the effect of task difficulty is stronger than circadian modulation in altering the temporal congruence between physical practice and MI performance. Practical applications in motor learning and rehabilitation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Center of Research and Innovation in Sport, University of Lyon
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Debarnot U, Clerget E, Olivier E. Role of the primary motor cortex in the early boost in performance following mental imagery training. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26717. [PMID: 22046337 PMCID: PMC3202558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that the primary motor cortex (M1) plays a critical role in implementing the fast and transient post-training phase of motor skill consolidation, known to yield an early boost in performance. Whether a comparable early boost in performance occurs following motor imagery (MIM) training is still unknown. To address this issue, two groups of subjects learned a finger tapping sequence either by MIM or physical practice (PP). In both groups, performance increased significantly in the post-training phase when compared with the pre-training phase and further increased after a 30 min resting period, indicating that both MIM and PP trainings were equally efficient and induced an early boost in motor performance. This conclusion was corroborated by the results of an additional control group. In a second experiment, we then investigated the causal role of M1 in implementing the early boost process resulting from MIM training. To do so, we inhibited M1 by applying a continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) in healthy volunteers just after they learnt, by MIM, the same finger-tapping task as in Experiment #1. As a control, cTBS was applied over the vertex of subjects who underwent the same experiment. We found that cTBS applied over M1 selectively abolished the early boost process subsequent to MIM training. Altogether, the present study provides evidence that MIM practice induces an early boost in performance and demonstrates that M1 is causally involved in this process. These findings further divulge some degree of behavioral and neuronal similitude between MIM and PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emeline Clerget
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Olivier
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Debarnot U, Maley L, Rossi DD, Guillot A. Motor interference does not impair the memory consolidation of imagined movements. Brain Cogn 2010; 74:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Debarnot U, Louis M, Collet C, Guillot A. How does motor imagery speed affect motor performance times? Evaluating the effects of task specificity. Appl Cognit Psychol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep is known to enhance performance following physical practice (PP) of a new sequence of movements. Apart from a pilot study, it is still unknown whether a similar sleep-dependent consolidation effect can be observed following motor imagery (MI) and whether this mnemonic process is related to MI speed. DESIGN Counterbalanced within-subject design. SETTING The laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-two participants. INTERVENTIONS PP, real-time MI, fast MI, and NoSleep (control) groups. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Subjects practiced an explicitly known sequence of finger movements, and were assigned to PP, real-time MI, or fast MI, in which they intentionally imagined the sequence at a faster pace. A NoSleep group subjected to real-time MI, but without any intervening sleep, was also tested. Performance was evaluated before practice, as well as prior to, and after a night of sleep or a similar time interval during the daytime. Compared with the NoSleep group, the results revealed offline gains in performance after sleep in the PP, real-time MI, and fast MI groups. There was no correlation between a measure of underestimation of the time to imagine the motor sequence and the actual speed gains after sleep, neither between the ease/difficulty to form mental images and performance gains. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that sleep contributes to the consolidation of motor sequence learning acquired through MI and further suggests that offline delayed gains are not related to the MI content per se. They extend our previous findings and strongly confirm that performance enhancement following MI is sleep dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Debarnot
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le sport, Laboratoire de la Performance Motrice, Mentale et du Materiel, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Menicucci D, Piarulli A, Debarnot U, d'Ascanio P, Landi A, Gemignani A. Functional structure of spontaneous sleep slow oscillation activity in humans. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7601. [PMID: 19855839 PMCID: PMC2762602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep synchronous neural oscillations between neural silence (down state) and neural activity (up state) occur. Sleep Slow Oscillations (SSOs) events are their EEG correlates. Each event has an origin site and propagates sweeping the scalp. While recent findings suggest a SSO key role in memory consolidation processes, the structure and the propagation of individual SSO events, as well as their modulation by sleep stages and cortical areas have not been well characterized so far. Methodology/Principal Findings We detected SSO events in EEG recordings and we defined and measured a set of features corresponding to both wave shapes and event propagations. We found that a typical SSO shape has a transition to down state, which is steeper than the following transition from down to up state. We show that during SWS SSOs are larger and more locally synchronized, but less likely to propagate across the cortex, compared to NREM stage 2. Also, the detection number of SSOs as well as their amplitudes and slopes, are greatest in the frontal regions. Although derived from a small sample, this characterization provides a preliminary reference about SSO activity in healthy subjects for 32-channel sleep recordings. Conclusions/Significance This work gives a quantitative picture of spontaneous SSO activity during NREM sleep: we unveil how SSO features are modulated by sleep stage, site of origin and detection location of the waves. Our measures on SSOs shape indicate that, as in animal models, onsets of silent states are more synchronized than those of neural firing. The differences between sleep stages could be related to the reduction of arousal system activity and to the breakdown of functional connectivity. The frontal SSO prevalence could be related to a greater homeostatic need of the heteromodal association cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Menicucci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ursula Debarnot
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Paola d'Ascanio
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Landi
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Electrical Systems and Automation, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- EXTREME Centre, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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