Plasticizing Pregnancy: Microplastics Identified in Expectant Mothers' Feces

Introduction

Microplastics may be present in food and drinks from various sources, exposing pregnant women to these particles. Consumption of contaminated food can lead to the ingestion of microplastics by pregnant women, potentially causing adverse health effects on the fetus. This study aims to investigate the presence of microplastics in the stools of pregnant women.

Methods

The research was conducted in the Makassar City region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Thirty healthy pregnant women from 2 community health centers, Pattingalloang and Jumpandang Baru, participated in the study. Their stools were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to detect the presence of microplastics.

Result

The analysis revealed the presence of a total of 359 microplastics in the participants' stools, with particle counts ranging from 4 to 21 and sizes ranging from 0.2 to 4.9 mm per 25 g of stool. The polymers identified included Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyamide/Nylon, Polyethylene Chlorinated, HDPE, and Ethylene Propylene. The amount of microplastics varied significantly among groups with different levels of seafood consumption.

Conclusion

Indonesian pregnant women have been exposed to some microplastic polymers.

High-intensity combination exercise has the highest effect on increasing serum irisin and interleukin 6 levels in women with obesity

OBJECTIVES

Lifestyle, overnutrition, socioeconomic status, environmental conditions, and genetics are factors that cause obesity. Lifestyle modification with a nonpharmacological approach based on physical exercise is the starting point in overcoming obesity. However, physical exercise with the appropriate and effective intensity for obese subjects is still debated. Therefore, this study aims to prove the effect of intensity differences with aerobic-resistance combination exercise on increasing irisin and IL-6 levels in obese women.

METHODS

A total of 32 obese women were selected as subjects and administered the interventions of low-intensity combination exercise (Q2), moderate-intensity combination exercise (Q3), and high-intensity combination exercise (Q4). ELISA was used to measure irisin and IL-6 levels in all samples. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and Turkey's-Honest Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test.

RESULTS

The mean Δ IL-6 levels in the control groups (Q1), Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.27 ± 2.54, 2.07 ± 2.55, 5.99 ± 6.25, and 7.98 ± 2.82 pg/mL with (p=0.015). The mean Δ irisin levels were 0.06 ± 0.81 ng/mL in Q1, 0.59 ± 0.67 ng/mL in Q2, 1.99 ± 1.65 ng/mL in Q3, 4.63 ± 3.57 ng/mL in Q4 with (p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study proved that all three types of combined exercise intensity increased myokine levels, such as irisin and IL-6. However, high-intensity combination exercise provided the most optimal improvement in myokine levels in obese women. Future studies are needed to design long-term exercise programs specifically for obese adolescent women using the findings from this study.

CheXNet and feature pyramid network: a fusion deep learning architecture for multilabel chest X-Ray clinical diagnoses classification

The existing multilabel X-Ray image learning tasks generally contain much information on pathology co-occurrence and interdependency, which is very important for clinical diagnosis. However, the challenging part of this subject is to accurately diagnose multiple diseases that occurred in a single X-Ray image since multiple levels of features are generated in the images, and create different features as in single label detection. Various works were developed to address this challenge with proposed deep learning architectures to improve classification performance and enrich diagnosis results with multi-probability disease detection. The objective is to create an accurate result and a faster inference system to support a quick diagnosis in the medical system. To contribute to this state-of-the-art, we designed a fusion architecture, CheXNet and Feature Pyramid Network (FPN), to classify and discriminate multiple thoracic diseases from chest X-Rays. This concept enables the model to extract while creating a pyramid of feature maps with different spatial resolutions that capture low-level and high-level semantic information to encounter multiple features. The model's effectiveness is evaluated using the NIH ChestXray14 dataset, with the Area Under Curve (AUC) and accuracy metrics used to compare the results against other cutting-edge approaches. The overall results demonstrate that our method outperforms other approaches and has become promising for multilabel disease classification in chest X-Rays, with potential applications in clinical practice. The result demonstrated that we achieved an average AUC of 0.846 and an accuracy of 0.914. Further, our proposed architecture diagnoses images in 0.013 s, faster than the latest approaches.

Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels as A Marker of COVID-19 Severity

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Knowing the severity of COVID-19 is important during a pandemic. Measurement of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels is a simple, quick, and widely available laboratory test in most health facilities. Lactate dehydrogenase levels change significantly in patients with tissue damage including COVID-19 disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the LDH levels as a marker of the severity of COVID-19. The research method used was a cross-sectional approach using primary data from 70 suspected COVID-19 patients from June to July 2021 at Labuang Baji Hospital, Hasanuddin University Hospital, and Makassar City Hospital. Samples were grouped into mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. The LDH levels at the time of hospital admission were measured using an Architect device. Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis, and ROC curve statistical tests were used to obtain the LDH value with a significant value of p<0.05. The sample consisted of 24 mild COVID-19, 23 moderate COVID-19, and 23 severe COVID-19. The LDH levels in mild COVID-19 were 101.00 U/L (74.00-156.00 U/L) significantly different from moderate COVID-19 was 143.00 U/L (126.00-253.00 U/L) and COVID-19 were 291.00 U/L (177.00-655.00 U/L) (p<0.001) and had a very strong positive correlation (r=0.914). The ROC curve showed that LDH had a sensitivity of 91.3%, specificity of 94.7% with the cut-off >250.5 U/L, NPV of 96.4%, PPV of 87.5%, and accuracy of 91.3%. LDH levels increase along with the increasing severity of COVID-19 caused by tissue damage due to increased inflammatory response. LDH can be used as a marker of COVID-19 severity.

Improving student biology learning outcomes through guided inquiry assisted mind mapping

Guided inquiry can make students active in solving problems with the skills and knowledge that students have. This supports the improvement of student learning outcomes and fosters student creativity in understanding learning materials through mind mapping. The purpose of this study was to examine the guided inquiry model with the aid of mind mapping on the biology learning outcomes of class X high school students. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental with Pre-test and Post-test Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population of the study was class X students as many as 3 classes with a total of 108 people. The sample consisted of 2 classes, namely X IPA1 as the control class and X IPA2 as the experimental class. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. The data was taken using a test instrument in the form of multiple choice questions 20 questions. Data analysis was carried out using the t test, the results obtained were tcount> ttable  so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of guided inquiry model with mind mapping on biology learning outcomes. This guided inquiry learning model with mind mapping can help students participate in the learning process and observation and can make students understand the subject matter better.Abstrak Inkuiri terbimbing dapat membuat siswa aktif dalam memecahkan masalah dengan keterampilan dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki siswa. Hal ini mendukung peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dan menumbuhkan kreatifitas siswa dalam memahami materi pembelajaran melalui mind mapping. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat model inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan mind mapping terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas X SMA. Jenis penelitian menggunakan quasy experimental dengan Pre-test and Post-test Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dari penelitian adalah siswa kelas  X  sebanyak 3 kelas dengan jumlah 108 orang. Sampel terdiri atas 2 kelas yakni X IPA1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan X IPA2 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data diambil menggunakan instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan berganda berjumlah 20 soal. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t, diperoleh hasil thitung> ttabel jadi H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh model inkuiri terbimbing dengan mind mapping  terhadap hasil belajar biologi. Model pembelajaran guided inquiry dengan mind mapping  ini bisa membantu siswa berpartisipasi dalam proses pembelajaran maupun pengamatan serta dapat membuat siswa lebih memahami materi pelajaran.

Phytochemical Profile of Antibacterial Agents from Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) against Bacteria in Dental Caries

Based on data from The Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016, dental and oral health problems, especially dental caries, are a disease experienced by almost half of the world’s population (3.58 billion people). One of the main causes of dental caries is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutans. Prevention can be achieved by controlling S. mutans using an antibacterial agent. The most commonly used antibacterial for the treatment of dental caries is chlorhexidine. However, long-term use of chlorhexidine has been reported to cause resistance and some side effects. Therefore, the discovery of a natural antibacterial agent is an urgent need. A natural antibacterial agent that can be used are herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants. Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent for treating dental and oral health problems. Several studies reported that the leaves of P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav contain secondary metabolites such as essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds that are active against S. mutans. This review summarizes some information about P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav, various isolation methods, bioactivity, S. mutans bacteria that cause dental caries, biofilm formation mechanism, antibacterial properties, and the antibacterial mechanism of secondary metabolites in P. crocatum Ruiz and Pav.

Antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the stem bark of Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen

Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen plant, locally known as jengkol, is a species belongs to Archidendron genus of the Fabaceae family. This plant is a potential source of biologically active secondary metabolites, which are useful for various purposes, such as to destroy bacteria and fungi, to treat cancer, and as antioxidant agent. In this study, extract of A. jiringa stem bark was fractionated and subsequently tested for antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Extraction was carried out using maceration and fractionation of the extract was conducted using both vacuum liquid and column chromatography techniques to obtain three fractions. The biological activity of the bulk extract and fractions were then evaluated using disc diffusion method, revealing that the sample with the highest activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli is the ethyl acetate extract, while no inhibitory effect on both bacteria was observed for some ethyl acetate fractions tested. The screening tests indicate that the bulk extract and all fractions exhibit promising toxicity, with the LC50 values in the range of 227–837 ppm. In addition, good antioxidant activities, with the IC50 values in the range of 0.7–7.2 ppm, are displayed by bulk extract and the fractions.

Mother Empowerment Model in Stunting Prevention and Intervention through Stunting Early Detection Training

BACKGROUND: Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive under 5-year-old due to chronic malnutrition causing the children become too short for their age. The contribution of this research is to prevent and reduce stunting through Stunting Early Detection training. AIM: The objective of the current research is to develop a model for mother empowerment in preventing and intervention stunting in children through stunting early detection training. METHODS: Phase I is the development of a mother empowerment model in the prevention and intervention of stunting in children using a survey with a cross sectional design. Phase II is the implementation of the model using Quasi Experimental Nonrandomized Prepost Control Group Design. RESULTS: The results of the study obtained that mothers who had good characteristics increased their knowledge 0.423 (p = 0.000). Mothers who have good knowledge increase their mother commitment 0.230 (p = 0.004), mothers who have a good commitment reduce stunting in children 0.448 (p = 0.000), mothers who have good knowledge increase family support 0.236 (p = 0.040), and good family support reduces stunting 0.257 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: A new finding is the formation of a Mother Empowerment Model in the Prevention and Intervention of Stunting through Stunting Early Detection Training where mother commitment is the most influential factor.

Achievement of student graduates: The role of e-readiness, e-learning and e-book

This study aims to determine the effect of e-readiness, e-learning, e-book on the achievement of graduate students; and the influence of e-readiness, e-learning, and e-books on the achievement of graduate students. The research population is graduate students with a sample of 210 doctoral students in Jakarta. The sample selection method is simple random sampling. The research method is a survey method with an associative approach. The data analysis technique is structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.3.3 software and the data was obtained through the distribution of online questionnaires. The results show that there was an effect of e-readiness on graduate achievement; there was an effect of e-learning on graduate achievement; and finally, there was an effect of e-books on graduate achievement. This research can indicate that the curriculum developed by the students is in accordance with the learning outcomes, especially in the implementation of the learning process.

Acute Toxicity Study of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus in Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber food that high in bioactive compound glucomannan. It uses are limited due to oxalate acid content which poses health risks. Strobilanthes crispus leaves could reduce the level of calcium oxalate in porang. However, there is still no study to prove its safety. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity study of porang (A. oncophyllus) macerated with S. crispus based on observation of mortality rate (LD50), the changes in behavior during 72 h, renal and hepatic function such as urinary protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) METHODS: An acute toxicity test was conducted based on the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure Guideline that consists of preliminary and main studies. For the preliminary study, rats were divided into control and five treatment groups with the dosage of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for each natural porang flour (NPF) and S. crispus-macerated porang flour (SPF). For the main study, rats were divided into four groups, those were NPF and SPF with the dosage of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW. Levels of urinary protein and blood serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 after treatment. RESULTS: The acute toxicity study showed that porang and porang macerated with S. crispus were not toxic until the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg BW. It was proved by the absence of LD50, no change in behavior, no weight losses, and also the results of biochemical tests, such as urinary protein, SGOT, and SGPT which were still in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Porang flour and SPF were concluded as non-toxic food based on acute toxicity study.

Antidiabetic Potential of Methanol Extract of Flamboyant (Delonix regia) Flowers

Providing scientific evidences for the medicinal benefits and possible toxic effects of the flamboyant flowers (Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.) are very important to implementing the medicinal plant in this modern era. This study aimed to investigate antidiabetic potential of methanol extract of flamboyant flowers using a completely random design. Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups with 4 replications: healthy rats (normal control, P1), diabetic rats treated with flamboyant flower extract of 0 (negative control, P2), 100 (P3), 200 (P4), and 400 mg/kg BW (P5), and rats which were induced by 0.45 mg/kg BW of Glibenclamide (positive control, P6). Diabetic condition was achieved by a single injection of alloxan 150 mg/kg BW. Treatments were given once a day for 14 days. On day 0, 3 and 18 blood samples were withdrawn from rats’ orbital vein for glucose measurement. All rats were sacrificed for liver, gastrocnemius muscles and pancreatic tissues collection. The liver and gastrocnemius muscle were subjected for glycogen measurement whereas pancreatic tissues were processed for histological examinations. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and followed by Duncan test. The results showed that flamboyant flowers extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose as well as degeneration and necrosis of pancreatic β cells. Optimal dose to decrease blood glucose and pancreatic cell degeneration was 200 mg/kg BW; whereas optimum dose to decrease pancreatic cell necrosis was 400 mg/kg BW. In conclusion, flamboyant flower extract can reduce blood glucose in rats. This is the first that shows antidiabetic potential of local Flamboyant flower extracts along its toxicity effect to pancreatic tissues. These information could become a basic consideration for the use of the plant extracts as a candidate to cure patients with diabetic problems.

A simple optical pH sensor based on pectin and Ruellia tuberosa L-derived anthocyanin for fish freshness monitoring

A simple optical pH sensor using the active compound anthocyanin (ACN), derived Ruellia tuberosa L. flower immobilized in a pectin membrane matrix, was been fabricated and employed to monitor the freshness of tilapia fish at room temperature and 4 oC storage. The quantitative pH values were measured based on the UV-Vis spectroscopy absorbance. The optimum pectin weight and ACN concentrations were 0.1% and 0.025 mg/L. The sensor showed good sensitivity at 0.03 M phosphate buffer solution. The sensor's reproducibility was evaluated using 10 replicate sensors where a standard deviation of 0.045 or relative standard deviation of 9.15 was achieved. The sensor displayed an excellent response after 10 minutes of exposure, possessing a response stability for 10 consecutive days. The decrease in pH value of the Tilapia fish from 7.3 to 5 was observed in a 48 hour test, which can be used as the parameter when monitoring fish freshness. Overall, this reported optical pH sensor has a novelty as it could be used to monitor the rigor mortis phase of fish meat, which is useful in food industry.

A simple optical pH sensor based on pectin and Ruellia tuberosa L-derived anthocyanin for fish freshness monitoring

A simple optical pH sensor using the active compound anthocyanin (ACN), derived Ruellia tuberosa L. flower immobilized in a pectin membrane matrix, was been fabricated and employed to monitor the freshness of tilapia fish at room temperature and 4 oC storage. The optimum pectin weight and ACN concentrations were 0.1% and 0.025 mg/L. The sensor showed good sensitivity at 0.03 M phosphate buffer solution. The sensor's reproducibility was evaluated using 10 replicate sensors where a standard deviation of 0.045 or relative standard deviation of 9.15 was achieved. The sensor displayed an excellent response after 10 minutes of exposure, possessing a response stability for 10 consecutive days. The decrease in pH value of the Tilapia fish from 7.3 to 5 was observed in a 48 hour test, which can be used as the parameter when monitoring fish freshness.

Aerobic bioconversion of C-glycoside mangiferin into its aglycone norathyriol by an isolated mouse intestinal bacterium

Norathyriol is an aglycone of a xanthonoid C-glycoside mangiferin that possesses different bioactive properties useful for humans compared to mangiferin. Mangiferin is more readily available in nature than norathyriol; thus, efficient mangiferin conversion into norathyriol is desirable. There are a few reports regarding mangiferin C-deglycosylation because of the C-C bond resistance toward acid, alkaline, and enzyme hydrolysis. In this study, we isolated a mangiferin-deglycosylating bacterium strain KM7-1 from the mouse intestine. 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that KM7-1 belongs to the Bacillus genus. Compared to the taxonomically similar bacteria, the growth characteristic of facultative anaerobic and thermophilic resembled, yet only Bacillus sp. KM7-1 was able to convert mangiferin into norathyriol. Resting cells of Bacillus sp. KM7-1 obtained from aerobic cultivation at 50 °C showed high norathyriol formation from 1 m m of mangiferin. Norathyriol formation can be conducted either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, and the reaction depended on time and bacterial amount.

Short Communication: Effect of cryopreservation on ultrastructure and mitochondrial function of albino Pangasius catfish spermatozoa

Abstract. Hasanah U, Binawanto, Alimuddin A, Boediono A, Kursini E. 2020. Short Communication: Effect of cryopreservation on ultrastructure and mitochondrial function of albino Pangasius catfish spermatozoa. Biodiversitas 21: 4524-4528. Cryopreservation techniques have been carried out on many endangered species and animals with unique characteristics. Successful cryopreservation techniques vary between species depending on various factors. The study used cryopreserved spermatozoa of the albino Pangasius catfish as samples. The cryopreserved spermatozoa were analyzed by its ultrastructure, functional mitochondria, and viability. The cryopreservation was performed using a combination of 10% methanol, skim milk, and fish ringer extender. A deep freezer is used for cryopreservation at -80 °C with a storage period of 14 days. Observations were made on fresh spermatozoa, post-equilibration spermatozoa, and frozen-thaw spermatozoa. This study found there were differences in ultrastructure and morphology in the three treatments. Fresh spermatozoa and post-equilibration spermatozoa appeared intact membrane, mitochondrial, and flagellar structures. In contrast, in frozen-thaw spermatozoa, there was damage to the cell membrane. The study showed different percentages of yields on functional mitochondria of fresh spermatozoa (98 ± 2%), spermatozoa post-equilibration (57 ± 7%), frozen-thaw spermatozoa (42 ± 3.21%). Cell viability showed that there were differences in viability of fresh spermatozoa and frozen-thaw (p <0.05), the results of fresh spermatozoa (92 ± 0.57%) spermatozoa post-equilibration (80 ± 3.51%), frozen-thaw spermatozoa (61 ± 2.30%).The study concluded that the spermatozoa cryopreservation affects the ultrastructure, mitochondrial function, and viability in albino Pangasius catfish spermatozoa.

Water, Sanitation Dan Hygiene Analysis, and Individual Factors for Stunting among Children Under Two Years in Ambon

BACKGROUND: Nutrition problem is a problem that is still a threat in various countries around the world, one of which is stunting that occurs since the baby is in the womb and in the early period after the baby is born, but only appears after the child is 2 years old. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and individual factors for the incidence of stunting in children aged 7–24 months in the slums of Ambon City. METHODS: The research was an analytical observational study using a case control study design. The population in this study was all children aged 7–24 months who suffered from stunting in Ambon. The samples were 150 child with a ratio of 1:1 for the case and control groups. RESULTS: The results showed that WASH (OR=2.7, CI 95%: 1.379–5.566) dan status Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (OR=5.1; CI 95%: 2.279–11.445) was a stunting risk factor. Meanwhile, diarrhea status (OR=2.4; CI 95%: 0.793–7.302), immunization (OR=1.4; CI 95%:0.622–3.260), and smoking history of household members (OR=1.1; CI 95%: 0.540–2.086) are risk factors, but statistically not significant. Maternal education (OR=1.0) is not a risk factor for stunting in children aged 7–24 months. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that the WASH condition and low birth weight status are risk factors for stunting in children aged 7–24 months in Ambon.

Construction of a Hydrogel Pectin-Based Triglyceride Optical Biosensor with Immobilized Lipase Enzymes

A novel and simple optical biosensor to detect triglycerides (TGs) has been successfully constructed by using pectin hydrogel membrane as the indicator pH and chromoionophore ETH 5294 (CI), with lipase as the catalyst. The enzymatic working system against TGs releasing H⁺ ions will affect the color absorbance of CI. The characterization results show that a TG biosensor has the optimum condition and sensitivity at the phosphate buffer concentration of 50 mM, pH 7, and enzyme loading of 60 μg. The biosensor works at the tripalmitin (TP) concentration range of 100–400 mg/dL. With the sensitivity of 0.001 (∆A/(mg/dL)), the biosensor response reaches stability after five minutes, and the limit of detection (LOD) of the TG optical biosensor is 15 mg/dL. Relative standard deviation (RSD) in a reproducibility test was 2.5%, with a 15-day lifespan.

Family experience in facilitating adolescents during self-identity development in ex-localization in Indonesia

Background

Self-identity is a personal reflection that is consistent and covers various individual aspects, such as job/career, spirituality, relations, intellectuality, sexuality, culture, interests, personality, and physical identity. The increasing level of juvenile delinquency worldwide, including in Indonesia, is a manifestation of unsuccessful identity development in adolescents. Self-identity development is inseparable from family influence. This study aimed to explore the experiences of families in facilitating their adolescents during self-identity development while living in ex-localization.

Methods

This study used a descriptive qualitative design and involved 12 participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

This study resulted in five themes: the identity achievement of adolescents living in ex-localization is similar to that of adolescents in general; the domination of external barriers during identity achievement; ex-localization as a stressor; families’ efforts to facilitate their adolescents during identity achievement; and family expectations for the future.

Conclucions

This study highlights the importance of improving family awareness of adolescents’ identity achievement when living in ex-localization with the help of nursing mental health professionals.

Analisis Implementasi Kartu Kredit Syariah pada PT. Bank BNI Syariah Cabang Palu Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

Kebutuhan akan kartu kredit saat ini dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu: Pertama, Keunggulan; Praktis, adanya diskon khusus dan reward. Kedua, Kemudahan, Memiliki cadangan uang, fasilitas dan kemudahan dan bisa beli sekarang bayar kemudian. Bank BNI menjadi bank milik negara pertama yang mengeluarkan kartu kredit syariah. Kartu kredit Hasanah Card merupakan salah satu produk yang dikeluarkan bank Syariah dan memberikan inovasi baru bagi dunia perbankan Islam di Inonesia. Ditinjau dari aspek hukum, Hasanah Card payung hukumnya berasal dari Fatwa DSN No. 54/DSN-MUI/X/2006. Sebagaimana dalam Bank BNI Syariah menyebutkan produk ini terdiri dari tiga akad, yaitu: Kafalah, Qardh, dan Ijarah. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menganalisis impelentasi kartu kredit yariah yang ada pada PT. Bank BNI Syariah Cabang Palu, serta implementasinya kartu kredit syariah yang ada pada PT. Bank BNI Syariah dari segi perspektif ekonomi islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini, data yang diperoleh dari dokumentasi, observasi, serta wawancara langsung dengan pihak bank.

Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds

<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><span lang="EN-GB">The Dipterocarpaceae plant, raru (</span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Cotylelobium melanoxylon</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">) is widespread in Southeast Asia. The bark of raru has been used by local communities in North Sumatera as antidiarrheal drugs due to its antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of the </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">raru’s</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> bark is induced by endophytic fungi that live in the region of the bark. This study aimed to identify the endophytic fungi-producer of antibacterial compounds in the bark of raru (</span><em><span lang="EN-GB">C. melanoxylon</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">) by means of molecular analysis. In general, endophytic fungi have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-eight isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bark of raru. Selection of isolates for antibacterial activity against </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Escherichia coli</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> ATCC 35218 and </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Staphylococcus aureus</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> ATCC 25923 used the dual culture assay. Selection using the dual culture assay yielded 6 endophytic fungal isolates that have the ability to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. EF10A sample was the most powerful isolate inhibiting the growth of both bacteria test. Those six bacteria molecularly identified used a sequence generated from ITS rDNA region. Based on rDNA ITS region sequences, isolate, the producers of the antibacterial compound were identified as </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Talaromyces cellulolyticus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> sp., </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Trichoderma harzianum</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">, and </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Aspergillus orizae</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">. The results of this study can be used by researchers to explore more potential endophytic fungi in raru plants (</span><em><span lang="EN-GB">C. melanoxylon</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">) as a source of medicine. The data obtained need to be supported by further research to isolate the bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.</span></p>

HUBUNGAN SELF EFFICACY DENGAN KECEMASAN PENDERITA GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RSUD JOMBANG

Chronic kidney disease is irreversible, meaning there could be normal again, who could do is maintain existing renal function undergoing dialysis treatment throughout their lives (usually 1-3 times a week) or to get a new kidney through a kidney transplant operation. It can lead to psychological disorders such as anxiety. With Anxiety will exacerbate the perceived disease. One of the factors that influence anxiety is self-efficacy. This research aims to determine the correlation of self-efficacy with the level of anxiety in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in Jombang Public Hospitals.This research is a correlation analytic method with cross sectional approach. In this research population of 33 respondents include all patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in Jombang Public Hospitals first time - 6 months. A sample of 30 respondents were taken using accidental sampling. The independent variable was self-efficacy, the dependent variable anxiety, how to collect data by statistical tests used questioner Spearman's rank. The research was conducted on 24-31 May 2016. The statistical test used in this study was Spearman's rank correlation. Based on the results of research in Hemodialysis room Jombang Public Hospitals found that half (50%) of respondents have a positive self-efficacy and nearly half (36.7%) of respondents are not anxiety. Statistical test results showed significancy value of 0.001(p <0.05). It was indicated that there was a correlation of self-efficacy with the level of anxiety in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis in the hemodialysis room Jombang Public Hospitals in 2016.Need to improve services through counseling, information and education on management of chronic renal failure and can provide knowledge about self efficacy other than that can involve the family in supporting the implementation of self-efficacy.