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Boruah B, Deepak V, DAS A. Musicians in the marsh: a new species of music frog (Anura: Ranidae: Nidirana) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Zootaxa 2023; 5374:51-73. [PMID: 38220873 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5374.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe a new species of ranid frog of the genus Nidirana from northeast India based on morphological, molecular and acoustic evidence. The new species is phenotypically distinct from its congeners by a combination of morphological characters: body robust with SVL 46.559.1 mm (n= 3) in adult males and SVL 60.666.0 mm (n= 2) in adult females; a pair of subgular vocal sacs and two patches of nuptial pad on the first finger in adult males; toe tips slightly dilated and oval; circum-marginal grooves present on all toes; dorsal skin with scattered small tubercles. A pale cream-coloured mid-dorsal line from the snout tip to the vent is present. Phylogenetically, the new species differs from its congeners by a genetic divergence of 3.48.0% and 7.712.4% in 16S and COI genes respectively. Furthermore, the new species can be differentiated from its congeners by its advertisement call, which consists of two different types of notes, call duration (0.580.92 s) and dominant frequency of the call (473.7 Hz). The discovery of a new species validates the presence of the genus Nidirana from India and emphasizes the importance of exploring specialized habitats such as marshlands, which are often overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitupan Boruah
- Wildlife Institute of India; Chandrabani; Dehradun; Uttarakhand 248001; India.
| | - V Deepak
- Senckenberg Dresden; Knigsbrcker Landstrae 159; 01109 Dresden; Germany; Department of Life Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD; UK; University of Wolverhampton; Wulfruna St; Wolverhampton WV1 1LY; UK.
| | - Abhijit DAS
- Wildlife Institute of India; Chandrabani; Dehradun; Uttarakhand 248001; India.
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Gower DJ, Narayanan S, Deepak V, Y MA, DAS S. Rediscovery and systematics of Rhinophis fergusonianus Boulenger, 1896 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from Indias Western Ghats. Zootaxa 2023; 5374:74-92. [PMID: 38220872 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5374.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The shieldtail snake Rhinophis fergusonianus Boulenger, 1896 was previously known only from the holotype specimen collected approximately 130 years ago from an imprecise Indian locality (Cardamom Hills). We report the rediscovery of this species from four localities, from low-elevation hills on both sides of the Palghat Gap in the southern part of the Western Ghats of peninsular India. We document new specimens of R. fergusonianus and provide a reassessment of the systematics of the species based on external morphology and DNA-sequence data. We also provide a revised key to the identification of Indian species of Rhinophis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gower
- Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD; UK; Department of Zoology; Central University of Kerala; Kerala; 671320; India.
| | - Surya Narayanan
- SM Sehgal Foundation Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE); Royal Enclave; Srirampura; Bangalore; Karnataka 560064; India.
| | - V Deepak
- Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD; UK; Senckenberg Dresden; Knigsbrcker Landstrae 159; 01109 Dresden; Germany; University of Wolverhampton; Wulfruna St; Wolverhampton WV1 1LY; UK.
| | - Muhammed Anvar Y
- State Forest Training Institute; Kerala Forest Department; Arippa; Kollam; Kerala 691310; India.
| | - Sandeep DAS
- Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases; Department of Zoology; University of Calicut; Thenhipalam; Kerala; 673635; India; Aranyakam Nature Foundation; Kochi; Kerala; 682037; India.
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Yang S, Savitzky AH, Gower DJ, Deepak V, Mori A, Khot R, Shi J, Ding L, Hou M, Xu H, Wang Q, Zhu G. Identity of the holotype and type locality of Rhabdophis leonardi (Wall, 1923) (Colubridae: Natricinae), with notes on the morphology and natural history of the species in southwestern China. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10032. [PMID: 37153019 PMCID: PMC10154373 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The original description of Natrix leonardi (currently Rhabdophis leonardi) by Frank Wall in 1923, based on a specimen from the "Upper Burma Hills," lacked important morphological details that have complicated the assignment of recently collected material. Furthermore, although the holotype was never lost, its location has been misreported in one important taxonomic reference, leading to further confusion. We report the correct repository of the holotype (Natural History Museum, London), together with its current catalog number. We also describe key features of that specimen that were omitted from the original description, and provide new details on the morphology of the species, including sexual dichromatism unusual for the genus, based upon specimens from southern Sichuan, China. Rhabdophis leonardi is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: 15 or 17 DSR at midbody and 6 supralabials; distinct annulus around the neck, broad and red in males, and narrow and orange with a black border in females; dorsal ground color light green or olive; some lateral and dorsal scales possessing black edges, the frequency of black edges gradually increasing from anterior to posterior, forming irregular and ill-defined transverse black bands; eye with prominent green iris; black ventral spots with a red edge, most numerous at midbody but extending halfway down the length of the tail. In southwestern China, this species is frequently found at 1730-2230 m elevation. It has been documented to prey upon anuran amphibians, including toads. A recently published phylogenetic analysis showed this species to be deeply nested with the genus Rhabdophis, as a member of the R. nuchalis Group. That analysis also revealed the existence of two closely related but geographically distinct subclades in the molecular analysis, one of which may represent an unnamed taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Jun Yang
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
| | | | | | - V. Deepak
- Senckenberg Natural History CollectionsDresdenGermany
| | - Akira Mori
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversitySakyoKyotoJapan
| | - Rahul Khot
- Bombay Natural History SocietyFort, MumbaiIndia
| | - Jing‐Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Li Ding
- Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Mian Hou
- Sichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hai‐Yuan Xu
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
| | - Guang‐Xiang Zhu
- College of Life ScienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'anChina
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Deepak V, Gower DJ, Cooper N. Diet and habit explain head-shape convergences in natricine snakes. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:399-411. [PMID: 36511814 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The concept of ecomorphs, whereby species with similar ecologies have similar phenotypes regardless of their phylogenetic relatedness, is often central to discussions regarding the relationship between ecology and phenotype. However, some aspects of the concept have been questioned, and sometimes species have been grouped as ecomorphs based on phenotypic similarity without demonstrating ecological similarity. Within snakes, similar head shapes have convergently evolved in species living in comparable environments and/or with similar diets. Therefore, ecomorphs could exist in some snake lineages, but this assertion has rarely been tested for a wide-ranging group within a single framework. Natricine snakes (Natricinae) are ecomorphologically diverse and currently distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe and north-central America. They are primarily semiaquatic or ground-dwelling terrestrial snakes, but some are aquatic, burrowing or aquatic and burrowing in habit and may be generalist or specialist in diet. Thus, natricines present an interesting system to test whether snakes from different major habit categories represent ecomorphs. We quantify morphological similarity and disparity in head shape among 191 of the ca. 250 currently recognized natricine species and apply phylogenetic comparative methods to test for convergence. Natricine head shape is largely correlated with habit, but in some burrowers is better explained by dietary specialism. Convergence in head shape is especially strong for aquatic burrowing, semiaquatic and terrestrial ecomorphs and less strong for aquatic and burrowing ecomorphs. The ecomorph concept is useful for understanding natricine diversity and evolution, though would benefit from further refinement, especially for aquatic and burrowing taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, UK.,Senckenberg Dresden, Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Dresden, Germany
| | - David J Gower
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Cooper
- Science Group, Natural History Museum London, London, UK
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Narayanan S, Das S, Anvar YM, Tillack F, Mohapatra PP, Gower DJ, Rajkumar KP, Deepak V. On the taxonomic validity of Boiga whitakeri Ganesh et al., 2021 with new insights on Boiga dightoni (Boulenger, 1894) (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae). VZ 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e97002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colour polymorphism has been previously reported in several colubrid snakes including Boiga spp. In this paper, we report colour variations within the poorly known southern Indian Boiga dightoni, provide the first molecular data for this species, from two localities (including the type locality) and compare them with data from other congeners. Additionally, we provide detailed dentition and hemipenis descriptions for B. dightoni. Molecular data for B. dightoni show very little difference (0.2–0.4% 16S; 0.9–1.2% cyt b) to the recently described Boiga whitakeri, also from southern India. We have re-examined and present new information on the pholidosis of the type specimens of B. whitakeri and reconsider its taxonomic status. On the basis of molecular data and overlapping morphological characteristics, we argue that Boiga whitakeri and Boiga dightoni are conspecific, and place B. whitakeri under the subjective synonymy of the latter. Furthermore, we show that colour polymorphism in B. dightoni is a gender-independent character and that both colour morphs are found in high as well as low elevations and partly in sympatry. A revised key to the Boiga ceylonensis complex is provided.
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Kehlmaier C, Graciá E, Ali JR, Campbell PD, Chapman SD, Deepak V, Ihlow F, Jalil NE, Pierre-Huyet L, Samonds KE, Vences M, Fritz U. Ancient DNA elucidates the lost world of western Indian Ocean giant tortoises and reveals a new extinct species from Madagascar. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eabq2574. [PMID: 36630487 PMCID: PMC9833658 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Before humans arrived, giant tortoises occurred on many western Indian Ocean islands. We combined ancient DNA, phylogenetic, ancestral range, and molecular clock analyses with radiocarbon and paleogeographic evidence to decipher their diversity and biogeography. Using a mitogenomic time tree, we propose that the ancestor of the extinct Mascarene tortoises spread from Africa in the Eocene to now-sunken islands northeast of Madagascar. From these islands, the Mascarenes were repeatedly colonized. Another out-of-Africa dispersal (latest Eocene/Oligocene) produced on Madagascar giant, large, and small tortoise species. Two giant and one large species disappeared c. 1000 to 600 years ago, the latter described here as new to science using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. From Madagascar, the Granitic Seychelles were colonized (Early Pliocene) and from there, repeatedly Aldabra (Late Pleistocene). The Granitic Seychelles populations were eradicated and later reintroduced from Aldabra. Our results underline that integrating ancient DNA data into a multi-evidence framework substantially enhances the knowledge of the past diversity of island faunas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kehlmaier
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Graciá
- Ecology Area, Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Center for Agrifood and Agro-environmental Research and Innovation (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Jason R. Ali
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick D. Campbell
- Department of Life Sciences, Darwin Centre (DC1), Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Sandra D. Chapman
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - V. Deepak
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Flora Ihlow
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nour-Eddine Jalil
- Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie Paris (CR2P), UMR 7207 CNRS-MNHN-Sorbonne Université (CP 38), 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Museum of Natural History of Marrakech, Department of Geology–FSS, University Cadi Ayyad, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Laure Pierre-Huyet
- Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Direction générale déléguée aux collections, Reptiles et Amphibiens (CP 30), 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Karen E. Samonds
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Miguel Vences
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Zoological Institute, Evolutionary Biology, Mendelsohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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Ingaleshwar P, Bhosale S, Nimbulkar G, Smitha T, Deepak V, Britto F. Assessment of condyle-coronoid angle and gonial angle for gender determination: A digital panoramic study in Bagalkot population. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:414-418. [PMID: 36588824 PMCID: PMC9802517 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_74_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The determination of gender is of utmost importance for forensic science and medico-legal purposes. The mandibular bone may play a vital role in gender determination as it is the most dimorphic bone of the skull that is often recovered intact. In this respect, orthopantomograms are of great value in accurate age and sex estimation. The mandibular angles, especially the gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex giving an indication about the vertical parameters and symmetry of the facial skeleton. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of mandibular gonial and coronoid-condyle angle measurements on digital panoramic images as an indicator for gender determination in the Bagalkot population. Materials and Methods A total of 200 panoramic images (100 males and 100 females) of Bagalkot district patients aged (18-58) yrs old were selected. Two mandibular parameters 1) gonial angle and 2) condyle-coronoid angle were analyzed using trophy DICOM 6.1.2.0, masterview 4.2.0. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were used to compare the gender and two sides (left and right) with respect to gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle. Results The analysis of the present study confirmed a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of the gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle in both genders. The mean comparison also shows a variation between males and females, based on gonial angle and condyle-coronoid values; females have statistically significant higher mean values than males. Based on the analysis, the present study concludes that this difference between males and females from both sides suggests that the gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle help in gender determination. Conclusion The results of the study show that greater mandibular angle aids in gender dimorphism and proves to be beneficial in gender estimation. Gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle can be used to differentiate gender with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Ingaleshwar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Bhosale
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, R R Dental College and Hospital, Umarda, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gargi Nimbulkar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - T Smitha
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Frankantony Britto
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SJM Dental College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
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Deepak V, Cooper N, Poyarkov NA, Kraus F, Burin G, Das A, Narayanan S, Streicher JW, Smith SJ, Gower DJ. Multilocus phylogeny, natural history traits and classification of natricine snakes (Serpentes: Natricinae). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natricine snakes are geographically widespread, species rich (with ~250 extant species) and both morphologically and ecologically diverse. We present a multilocus DNA sequence phylogeny for 249 natricine specimens representing 189 named species, including 69 specimens and 21 species not previously sampled. Our inferred Bayesian and maximum likelihood trees form the basis for evaluations of genus-level classification, historical biogeography, lineage diversification, and dietary, habit and reproductive-mode diversity and evolution, although several, mostly deeper, relationships remain poorly resolved. The optimal trees support natricine origins in Asia, with dispersals to Australo-Melanesia, sub-Saharan Africa (including Seychelles Archipelago, excluding Aldabra), Europe and North Africa and into North and Central America. Viviparity appears to have evolved independently three times in Natricinae but was not significantly associated with an aquatic habit. We found limited associations between habit and diet categories. We propose generic reallocations for four natricine species and highlight other points of uncertainty in natricine classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Senckenberg Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalie Cooper
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Nikolay A Poyarkov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fred Kraus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo Burin
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Abhijit Das
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, India
| | - Surya Narayanan
- Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Srirampura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sarah-Jane Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - David J Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Deepak V, Lalronunga S, Lalhmingliani E, Das A, Narayanan S, Das I, Gower DJ. Phylogenetic relationships of xenodermid snakes (Squamata: Serpentes: Xenodermidae), with the description of a new genus. VZ 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e75967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Xenodermidae is a generally poorly known lineage of caenophidian snakes found in South, East and Southeast Asia. We report molecular phylogenetic analyses for a multilocus data set comprising all five currently recognised genera and including new mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence data for the recently described Stoliczkia vanhnuailianai. Our phylogenetic results provide very strong support for the non-monophyly of Stoliczkia, as presently constituted, with S. borneensis being more closely related to Xenodermus than to the Northeast Indian S. vanhnuailianai. Based on phylogenetic relationships and morphological distinctiveness, we transfer Stoliczkia borneensis to a new monotypic genus endemic to Borneo, Paraxenodermusgen. nov. We also present new morphological data for P. borneensis.
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DAS A, Smith EN, Sidik I, Sarker GC, Boruah B, Patel NG, Murthy BHCK, Deepak V. Hidden in the plain sight: a new species of Rhabdophis (Serpentes: Natricinae) from the Rhabdophis himalayanus complex. Zootaxa 2021; 5020:401-433. [PMID: 34810993 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5020.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of natricine snake of the genus Rhabdophis is described from Northeast India. Morphologically the new species is similar to Rhabdophis himalayanus but it can be distinguished from it by lacking a nuchal groove and nuchal glands, being relatively smaller, and having a distinct neck, ventral, and subcaudal coloration. In overall coloration it resembles R. chrysargos, from which it is distinguished by several aspects of its morphology and genetic differences. The discovery of Rhabdophis bindi sp. nov. reveals that forested regions in the northeastern part of India needs further biological exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit DAS
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Eric N Smith
- Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA. .
| | - Irvan Sidik
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of SciencesLIPI, Widyasatwa Loka Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor km 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia .
| | - Goutam C Sarker
- Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center and Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA. .
| | - Bitupan Boruah
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Naitik G Patel
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - B H C K Murthy
- Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Kozhikode 673006, Kerala, India. .
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. Senckenberg Dresden, Knigsbrcker Landstrae 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
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Lalronunga S, Lalhmangaiha K, Zosangliana I, Lalhmingliani E, Gower DJ, DAS A, Deepak V. A new species of Stoliczkia Jerdon, 1870 (Serpentes: Xenodermidae) from Mizoram, India. Zootaxa 2021; 4996:555-568. [PMID: 34810513 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new species of Stoliczkia from Mizoram, India. Stoliczkia vanhnuailianai sp. nov. is identified as a member of the genus Stoliczkia by distinct scale arrangements on the posterior of the head, and by scales on the body being separated by scaleless skin, and it differs from the two known congeners in body and head scalation. This is only the third specimen of Stoliczkia collected from India, and the sixth reported specimen for the genus. A revised key to the identification of the species of Stoliczkia is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lalronunga
- Systematics and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India .
| | - K Lalhmangaiha
- Systematics and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India .
| | - Isaac Zosangliana
- Systematics and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India .
| | - Esther Lalhmingliani
- Systematics and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India .
| | - David J Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Abhijit DAS
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. Museum of Zoology (Museum fur Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
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Tillack F, Narayanan S, Deepak V. On the identity, nomenclatural status and authorship of Coluber monticolus Cantor, 1839 (Reptilia: Serpentes). Zootaxa 2021; 4990:134-146. [PMID: 34186769 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4990.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Currently, Coluber monticolus Cantor is considered a junior synonym of the Common kukri snake, Oligodon arnensis Shaw. In this work, we analyzed long time disregarded, unpublished original drawings and manuscripts concerning South Asian snakes. Additionally we recall the hitherto little-noticed contact and exchange between B. H. Hodgson and T. E. Cantor. We correct erroneous assumptions regarding the authorship and identity of C. monticolus and, in accordance with Art. 23.9 of the "Code" (ICZN 1999), we declare Dipsas multifasciata Blyth a nomen protectum with priority over Coluber monticolus Hodgson in Cantor (nomen oblitum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tillack
- 1 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, 10115 Berlin, Germany. .
| | - Surya Narayanan
- Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India. .
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. Senckenberg Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany. .
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13
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Deepak V, Passos P, Nagy ZT, Zaher H, Šmíd J, Nguyen TQ, Carranza S, Cisneros-Heredia DF, David P, Tamar K, Gower DJ. Contributions to ophiology in Zootaxa 20012020: patterns and trends. Zootaxa 2021; 4979:1722. [PMID: 34186995 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There are currently 3,900 recognized, extant snake species belonging to 529 genera globally (Uetz et al. 2021; this study), making snakes one of the most diverse major groups of squamates. Of the 665 currently recognized species that were described between 2001 and 2020 (a ~17% increase in total species), ~34% of these (226 species) were described in Zootaxa. This number does not include species resurrected from synonymy. The other ~66% (439) species were described in 105 other journals, bulletins or books (Fig.1a). Overall, the number of new snake species described every year is gradually increasing, and 40% of the new species described since 2011 were published in Zootaxa. Following Zootaxa, the second ranked journal, with 37 described species since 2001, is Herpetologica (Fig. 2). Anecdotally, the choice of Zootaxa as a publication outlet for new species descriptions by most authors is based on speed of publication post-acceptance, publication free of charge, relatively unconstrained number of papers published per year, relatively unconstrained manuscript length, expert section editors and reviewers, and consolidated scientometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- 1Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Paulo Passos
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, CEP 04263-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jiří Šmíd
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 19300 Prague, Czech Republic Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Truong Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA Instituto iBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Patrick David
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), CP 30, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Karin Tamar
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - David J Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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Abstract
Commercial trade of exotic reptiles through CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in India is relatively recent (<2 decades). Social media platforms and web portals are known to be used for pet trade. Exotic pet trade is not legally regulated within India. Therefore, little is known on the scale at which this trade is carried out in India. We conducted a two-year study between 2018 and 2020 gathering information of exotic reptile pet trade online and summarized CITES documentation of the yearly import export records from 1976 to 2018 by CITES secretariat. This manuscript provides a baseline for the extent of the trade, invasive species and the species traded in mainland India. We found that there is an extensive trade of exotic reptiles in the country, comprising 84 species including the highly venomous species such as Bitis gabonica. According to CITES records of 1976–2018, 98.6% of the reptile imports into India have not been reported to the CITES management authorities in India. We also found some evidence of trade in protected native species through the exotic pet trade network. Furthermore, some highly threatened reptile species including many listed in Appendix I of CITES are traded in India.
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Jain A, Cavada-Blanco F, Palot MJ, Das S, Deepak V, Das A. A Review of Distribution of Cantor's Giant Softshell Turtle in India Along with Multiple Notable New Records from Kerala State. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2021. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1468.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Jain
- Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box #18 Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [; ]
| | - Francoise Cavada-Blanco
- EDGE of Existence Programme, Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom [; ]
| | - Muhamed Jafer Palot
- Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune- 411 044, Maharashtra, India []
| | - Sandeep Das
- EDGE of Existence Programme, Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom [; ]
| | - V. Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom []
| | - Abhijit Das
- Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box #18 Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [; ]
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Nawani S, Deepak V, Gautam KB, Gupta SK, Boruah B, DAS A. Systematic status of the rare Himalayan wolf snake Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zootaxa 2021; 4966:305320. [PMID: 34186615 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lycodon mackinnoni is a poorly known Himalayan endemic snake known from Western Himalaya. Since the original description of L. mackinnoni almost 112 years ago, this species was not reported from its type locality and its phylogenetic position remain unknown. We herein, provide detail morphological description, comparison with type material, phylogenetic relationship with its congeners and new natural history information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Nawani
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
| | - V Deepak
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK Senckenberg Natural History Collections,Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | - Bitupan Boruah
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
| | - Abhijit DAS
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
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17
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Balan A, Jude D, Narayanan S, Varma S, Deepak V. Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Sitana/ marudhamneydhal/ and the validity of Sitana attenboroughii/. Zootaxa 2021; 4964:zootaxa.4964.3.5. [PMID: 33903507 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4964.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dewlap morphology and body ratios are two of the main morphological characters used in delimiting Sitana spp. It becomes a statistical limitation when small samples are used in species descriptions, as outliers can be picked to be described as a distinct species. Genetic data has been used to support the distinctness of a species in Sitana. However, species with shallow genetic divergence becomes a problem if not thoroughly examined. We examine and report our findings on morphological and genetic differences in two populations of Sitana marudhamneydhal and one population of S. attenboroughii. The shallow genetic divergence and overlapping morphology shows that Sitana attenboroughii is a junior synonym of Sitana marudhamneydhal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balan
- Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala..
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18
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Deepak V, Tillack F, Kar NB, Sarkar V, Mohapatra PP. A new species of Sitana (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Deccan Peninsula Biogeographic Zone of India. Zootaxa 2021; 4948:zootaxa.4948.2.6. [PMID: 33757028 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new species of fan-throated lizard of the genus Sitana from the Deccan peninsula of India. The new species is from the Sitana sivalensis clade and can be readily diagnosed morphologically from S. sivalensis, S. fusca and S. schleichi by having the dewlap extending beyond forearm insertion. The new species differs from all other congeners in the combination of morphological characters such as a feebly serrated dewlap with a dark blue line on the throat in adult males (versus a well serrated dewlap with a bright blue patch and orange spots in S. ponticeriana complex), small body size (versus a large body size in S. gokakensis and S. thondalu) and a relatively smaller dewlap size (relatively larger in S. laticeps, S. spinaecephalus, S. dharwarensis, S. gokakensis, S. thondalu, S. marudhamneydhal, S. ponticeriana and S. visiri). The new species was found to be commonly distributed in arid and open habitats as well as in farmlands and plantations in northern Andhra Pradesh, eastern Madhya Pradesh and most parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha states.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK..
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19
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Deepak V, Maddock ST, Williams R, Nagy ZT, Conradie W, Rocha S, James Harris D, Perera A, Gvoždík V, Doherty-Bone TM, Kamei RG, Menegon M, Labisko J, Morel C, Cooper N, Day JJ, Gower DJ. Molecular phylogenetics of sub-Saharan African natricine snakes, and the biogeographic origins of the Seychelles endemic Lycognathophis seychellensis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107152. [PMID: 33741534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships of sub-Saharan African natricine snakes are understudied and poorly understood, which in turn has precluded analyses of the historical biogeography of the Seychelles endemic Lycognathophis seychellensis. We inferred the phylogenetic relationships of Seychelles and mainland sub-Saharan natricines by analysing a multilocus DNA sequence dataset for three mitochondrial (mt) and four nuclear (nu) genes. The mainland sub-Saharan natricines and L. seychellensis comprise a well-supported clade. Two maximally supported sets of relationships within this clade are (Limnophis,Natriciteres) and (Afronatrix,(Hydraethiops,Helophis)). The relationships of L. seychellensis with respect to these two lineages are not clearly resolved by analysing concatenated mt and nu data. Analysed separately, nu data best support a sister relationship of L. seychellensis with (Afronatrix,(Hydraethiops,Helophis)) and mt data best support a sister relationship with all mainland sub-Saharan natricines. Methods designed to cope with incomplete lineage sorting strongly favour the former hypothesis. Genetic variation among up to 33 L. seychellensis from five Seychelles islands is low. Fossil calibrated divergence time estimates support an overseas dispersal of the L. seychellensis lineage to the Seychelles from mainland Africa ca. 43-25 million years before present (Ma), rather than this taxon being a Gondwanan relic.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Simon T Maddock
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Science, Wolverhampton University, WV1 1LY, UK; Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Rhiannon Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; NRA Environmental Consultants, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | | | - Werner Conradie
- Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), Humewood, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Department of Nature Conservation Management, Natural Resource Science and Management Cluster, Faculty of Science, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
| | - Sara Rocha
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo & Galicia Sur Health Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ana Perera
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Václav Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; National Museum, Department of Zoology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas M Doherty-Bone
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Conservation Programs, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 6TL, UK
| | - Rachunliu G Kamei
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Michele Menegon
- Division of Biology & Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; PAMS Foundation, P.O. Box 16556, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Jim Labisko
- Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Natalie Cooper
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Julia J Day
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David J Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Mahé, Seychelles
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Nishat R, Babu NA, Srinivas Murthy ST, Deepak V, Mukherjee S, Behura SS. Assessment of knowledge of oral pathologists and postgraduate students on safe laboratory practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:437-445. [PMID: 33967477 PMCID: PMC8083421 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_442_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral pathologists are involved in laboratory diagnosis and receive specimens of biopsy, oral cytologic smears and samples for hematology, biochemistry and microbiology and thus are at a risk for laboratory-acquired infections, which may occur inadvertently and can be considered as an occupational hazard. Aim and Objectives: This study was conducted during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to assess the knowledge of oral pathologists and oral pathology postgraduate students regarding the safe laboratory practices, procedures and guidelines. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study. Questions were framed to evaluate the knowledge on specimen/sample collection, its handling, disposal and protective measures for laboratory personnel. The study population comprised oral pathologists and oral pathology postgraduate students of various dental colleges in India. A Google Doc format was used to create an effective computerized questionnaire system, and the link was forwarded to around 500 participants. The survey was fielded online between August 29, 2020, and September 5, 2020. Three hundred and twelve responses were received, which were downloaded as spreadsheets for subsequent data analysis. Results: Mean value of right answers for the oral pathologists was 8.11 ± 2.02 and for postgraduate students was 7.38 ± 1.75. When the knowledge score between the two groups was compared, a statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: This article compares and highlights the knowledge lacunae among the oral pathologists and oral pathologists postgraduate students in relation to guidelines to be followed for safety in the laboratory. Adhering to these biosafety regulations reduces occupational health hazards and enhances a safe working environment in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roquaiya Nishat
- Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Narayanasamy Aravindha Babu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S T Srinivas Murthy
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bellary, Karnataka, India
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shirsha Mukherjee
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Behura
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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21
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Smitha T, Vaswani V, Deepak V, Sheethal HS, Hema KN, Jain V. Reliability of palatal rugae patterns in individual identification. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:555. [PMID: 35281156 PMCID: PMC8859570 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_269_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental identification plays a major role in mass disaster identification of human remains. Palatal rugae can be used as a substitute for a comparative method of identification. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was done with 137 pre- and post-orthodontically treated casts of patients, which were divided into 50 cases each of extraction and nonextraction and 37 cases of palatal expansion involving both extraction and nonextraction. Hydrocolloid (alginate) impression of the upper jaw of the patient was taken and then cast in the dental plaster of Paris material. Palatal rugae pattern was classified according to Lysellm, and Thomas and Kotze classification. Two Observers recorded the data, mean of two were taken for analysis. Results: On the right side, there was no significant difference between the extraction and nonextraction groups; however, there was a rise in length in the nonextraction and palatal expansion groups. On the left side, there was little change between the nonextraction and palatal expansion groups, but the extraction group had a modest increase in length. Mean lengths compared within three groups revealed insignificant difference. Conclusion: Palatal rugae pattern can be used in establishing identity in forensic medicine provided antemortem data are available. Orthodontic treatment has an impact on stability of palatal rugae. Most reliable and stable points being third rugae, they could be used as reference points to evaluate tooth movements
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22
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DAS A, Deepak V, Captain A, Wade EOZ, Gower DJ. Description of a new species of Smithophis Giri et al. 2019 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Zootaxa 2020; 4860:zootaxa.4860.2.8. [PMID: 33056167 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4860.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of the natricine snake genus Smithophis Giri et al. 2019 is described based on three specimens collected from Arunachal Pradesh, India. An additional three referred specimens are documented. Smithophis arunachalensis sp. nov. differs from all known congeners by a combination of 4-5 (rarely 6) small scales around the eye (excluding labial scales), presence of temporal scales, and a distinctive colour pattern of a blackish dorsum and bright yellow venter that form a sharply-defined zigzag border. The new species is known only from ca. 100 km2 in Lower Dibang Valley and Changlang Districts in eastern Arunachal Pradesh. A revised key to the identification of the species of Smithophis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit DAS
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, P.O. 18, Dehradun, 248 001, India..
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23
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Conradie W, Deepak V, Keates C, Gower DJ. Kissing cousins: a review of the African genus Limnophis Günther, 1865 (Colubridae: Natricinae), with the description of a new species from north-eastern Angola. AFR J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2020.1782483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Conradie
- Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), Humewood, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- School of Natural Resource Management, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa
- National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, South Africa
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Keates
- National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, South Africa
- Zoology and Entomology Molecular Lab, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - David J Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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Deepak V, Narayanan S, DAS S, Rajkumar KP, Easa PS, Sreejith KA, Gower DJ. Description of a new species of Xylophis Beddome, 1878 (Serpentes: Pareidae: Xylophiinae) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 2020; 4755:zootaxa.4755.2.2. [PMID: 32230180 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We reassessed the systematics of the Indian (semi)fossorial snake Xylophis perroteti (Duméril, Bibron Duméril, 1854) based on morphological and DNA sequence data for type, historical, and new specimens. A population from the Anamalai Hills is distinct from broadly topotypic X. perroteti from the Nilgiri Hills (from which they are separated geographically by the lowland Palghat Gap) on the basis of both external morphology and DNA sequence data. We describe the Anamalai form as a new species, Xylophis mosaicus sp. nov. The new species is more closely related to X. perroteti than to X. stenorhynchus and X. captaini. A new key to identify the species of Xylophis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK..
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25
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Chaitanya R, Giri VB, Deepak V, Datta-Roy A, Murthy BHCK, Karanth P. Diversification in the mountains: a generic reappraisal of the Western Ghats endemic gecko genus Dravidogecko Smith, 1933 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 2019; 4688:zootaxa.4688.1.1. [PMID: 31719456 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The monotypic genus Dravidogecko, represented by its type-species D. anamallensis, is singular amongst peninsular Indian gekkonid lineages in its endemism to the Western Ghats. Molecular species delimitation approaches reveal at least seven species-level lineages within the genus from its distribution range across the mid-high elevations of the southern Western Ghats of India. These lineages, albeit superficially cryptic, are patently diagnosable from each other by employing a limited but precise set of morphological characters. Six of these lineages that were obscured under the nomen D. anamallensis are herein recognized as distinct species. A reappraisal of the genus Dravidogecko is provided based on external morphology and osteological characters, along with a detailed redescription of the holotype of D. anamallensis. A key to the species based on diagnostic characters is presented. Gene-trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data recovered marginally disparate topologies and were consequently coalesced into a species-tree for phylogenetic inference. Timetree analysis reveals late Miocene cladogenesis in this group and establishes late Palaeocene divergence from its sister genus, Hemidactylus, making Dravidogecko one of the earliest, extant lizard lineages to have colonized peninsular India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaitanya
- 508, 8 B Cross, Asha Township, Doddagubbi Village, Bangalore, 560077, India.
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Giri VB, Chaitanya R, Mahony S, Lalrounga S, Lalrinchhana C, DAS A, Sarkar V, Karanth P, Deepak V. On the systematic status of the genus Oriocalotes Günther, 1864 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) with the description of a new species from Mizoram state, Northeast India. Zootaxa 2019; 4638:zootaxa.4638.4.1. [PMID: 31712456 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4638.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The montane agamid lizard genus Oriocalotes is currently considered monotypic, represented by the species, O. paulus. The systematic status of this taxon has remained questionable since its initial descriptions in the mid-1800s. A detailed molecular and morphological study was carried out to assess the validity of this genus, and its systematic position within the Asian agamid subfamily, Draconinae. Freshly collected and historical museum specimens from the type locality of O. paulus were examined morphologically, along with additional samples collected from localities in Mizoram state, Northeast India. Utilising newly generated molecular sequences (two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes), combined with those previously published for representative genera from the subfamilies Draconinae and Agaminae, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees were constructed. Phylogenetic results suggest that Oriocalotes is part of the widespread South and Southeast Asian radiation of Calotes. Comparative morphological studies (including external morphology, hemipenis and osteology) between Oriocalotes and related genera further support this systematic placement. Oriocalotes is herein regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Calotes. Calotes paulus comb. nov. is also assigned a lectotype and given a detailed redescription based on the lectotype, paralectotypes and additional topotypic material. Furthermore, the specimens collected from Mizoram populations are found to be morphologically and genetically distinct from Calotes paulus comb. nov., and are described herein as a new species, Calotes zolaiking sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varad B Giri
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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Giri VB, Gower DJ, DAS A, Lalremsanga HT, Lalronunga S, Captain A, Deepak V. A new genus and species of natricine snake from northeast India. Zootaxa 2019; 4603:zootaxa.4603.2.2. [PMID: 31717226 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Based on the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of samples from northeast India, specimens referred to Rhabdops from this region are more closely related to the southeast and east Asian natricine genera Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 and Sinonatrix Rossman Eberle, 1977 (as well as to New World and western Palearctic natricines) than to peninsular Indian (true) Rhabdops. Morphologically, these northeast Indian populations differ from other natricines by having a single ('fused' or unpaired) internasal shield and a single prefrontal shield. Given the morphological and phylogenetic distinctiveness of these northeast Indian populations, we refer them to a new genus, Smithophis gen. nov., and transfer Rhabdops bicolor (Blyth, 1854) to Smithophis bicolor comb. nov. Based on morphological and molecular variation within our northeast Indian sample, we additionally describe Smithophis atemporalis sp. nov. from the state of Mizoram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varad B Giri
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India Foundation for Biodiversity Conservation, Shubh Kalyan, A1903, Nanded City, Pune, 411041, Maharashtra, India.
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Deepak V, Narayanan S, Sarkar V, Dutta SK, Mohapatra PP. A new species of AhaetullaLink, 1807 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Ahaetullinae) from India. J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1589591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Deepak
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - Vivek Sarkar
- UNESCO C2C, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
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Captain A, Deepak V, Pandit R, Bhatt B, Athreya R. A New Species of Pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Trimeresurus Lacepède, 1804) from West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. RUSS J HERPETOL 2019. [DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-2-111-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Introduction: Teeth are an excellent material in living and nonliving populations for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic investigations. Among the various calcified structures in the human body, teeth have gained lot of popularity in estimating the sex of an individual as they are highly resistant to destruction and decomposition. The present study aims to assess the importance of canines in sexual dimorphism in both primary and permanent dentition as well as to describe the dimensional characteristics of canines among the population of Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty participants belonging to Bagalkot district of Karnataka population, 100 adults (50 males and 50 females) in the age group of 17–30 years and 50 children (25 boys and 25 girls) in the age group of 3–6 years were included in the study. Impressions were made using alginate and study models were prepared using dental stone. Clinical crown height (CCH), maximum mesiodistal diameter (MMD) and maximum buccolingual width (MBL) of maxillary and mandibular canines of both dentitions were measured using digital vernier caliper. Results: In deciduous dentition, significant differences were noted between maxillary and mandibular deciduous canines in male and female children using three dimensions, except mandibular canine, i.e., CCH did not show a significant difference. In permanent dentition, CCH and MMD showed significant differences except mandibular canines not showing significant differences in MBL (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Thus, canines can act as a valuable tool in gender determination as there is significant sexual dimorphism in maxillary and mandibular deciduous and permanent dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Ingaleshwar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Vina Vaswani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Subrao Bhosale
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, RR Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College, PGIMSR and Model Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Redder
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - T Smitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VS Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Deepak
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sara Ruane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David J. Gower
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Kumar V, Ankola AV, Sankeshwari R, Jalihal S, Deepak V, Jois HS. Assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of cranberry against Socransky complexes and predominant cariogenic, mycotic and endodontic climax communities of the oral cavity: An extensive in-vitro study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:407-411. [PMID: 31942122 PMCID: PMC6948030 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Contemporary global complementary and alternative practices in dentistry envisage to manipulate the molecules from traditionally used plant derivatives as adjuncts. The aim of this study was to assess the in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of cranberry against Socransky complexes and predominant cariogenic, mycotic and endodontic climax communities of the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: An extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon was prepared using a hydro-ethanolic solvent (water – 30%: ethanol – 70%) using the standardized maceration protocol. Standard American Type Cell Culture and Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank strains of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the serial broth dilution. The minimum bactericidal concentration was obtained by subculturing method. Results: The extract showed satisfactory inhibitory and bactericidal effects against all test pathogens. Conclusion: V. macrocarpon can prove to be an adjunct to the existing antimicrobial complexes being routinely used to combat pathogenic oral climax community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil V Ankola
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopali Sankeshwari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sagar Jalihal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College, PGIMSR and Model Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshvardhan S Jois
- Department of Oral Pathology, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
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Wang K, Che J, Lin S, Deepak V, Aniruddha DR, Jiang K, Jin J, Chen H, Siler CD. Multilocus phylogeny and revised classification for mountain dragons of the genusJapalura s.l. (Reptilia: Agamidae: Draconinae) from Asia. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Evolution (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Simin Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - V Deepak
- Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Datta-Roy Aniruddha
- Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Evolution (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Jieqiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Hongman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Cameron D Siler
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Pal S, Vijayakumar SP, Shanker K, Jayarajan A, Deepak V. A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species. Zootaxa 2018; 4482:401-450. [PMID: 30313808 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4482.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lizards of the genus Calotes are geographically restricted to South Asia, Indo-China and parts of Southeast Asia. The greatest diversity of the genus is from the biodiversity hotspots in South Asia: Western Ghats (Peninsular India), Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma. Here, we present a systematic revision of members of the genus Calotes from Peninsular India using a combination of molecular phylogeny, geographical distribution and morphological characters. We show that Calotes from the Western Ghats is paraphyletic and consists of three major clades, one of which is widely distributed in South and Southeast (SE) Asia, while the others are restricted to Peninsular India. The Peninsular Indian clade is composed of two sister clades: Psammophilus, with a wider distribution and a second clade, composed of two extant species, Calotes rouxii and Calotes ellioti and two new species, all restricted to the Western Ghats region. Based on morphological differences, we retain the generic status of Psammophilus and assign its sister clade to a new genus Monilesaurus gen. nov. and transfer the following species, C. rouxii and C. ellioti, to this new genus. We also provide diagnoses and descriptions for two new species recognized within Monilesaurus gen. nov. In addition, Calotes aurantolabium from the Western Ghats was observed to be deeply divergent and to share a sister-relationship with the clade composed of Calotes, Monilesaurus gen. nov., and Psammophilus. Based on its phylogenetic position and morphological attributes, we assign this species to a new genus Microauris gen. nov. These new discoveries highlight the evolutionary significance of the Western Ghats in housing novel lizard diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saunak Pal
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India. Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Dr Salim Ali Chowk, Mumbai 400001, India..
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Deepak V, Khandekar A, Chaitanya R, Karanth P. Descriptions of two new endemic and cryptic species of Sitana Cuvier, 1829 from peninsular India. Zootaxa 2018; 4434:327-365. [PMID: 30313188 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two new cryptic species of the agamid genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829 from Peninsular India are described herein. Sitana gokakensis sp. nov. from Gokak, Karnataka closely resembles Sitana thondalu sp. nov. from Nagarjuna Sagar, Andhra Pradesh. The two species can be distinguished based on their subtle morphological differences, genetic difference and geographic distribution. Sitana gokakensis sp. nov. have a relatively depressed head compared to Sitana thondalu sp. nov. Additionally, the vertebral scale counts differ in females of the two new species (Sitana gokakensis sp. nov. 45-47 vs Sitana thondalu sp. nov. 49-53). Genetic divergence between them is comparable to those between previously described Sitana species. Furthermore, the two new species are distributed ca. 500 km apart and are endemic to their respective landscapes that lie in similar latitudes of peninsular India. We urge the use of large sample size in new species descriptions especially those dealing with cryptic species like Sitana. The discovery of the two new cryptic species from these rocky terrains in peninsular India highlights need for more herpetological exploration in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India. Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom..
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Wang K, Jiang K, Deepak V, Abhijit D, Hou M, Che J, Siler CD. On the Occurrences ofJapalura kumaonensisandJapalura tricarinata(Reptilia: Sauria: Draconinae) in China. HERPETOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-17-00018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Ke Jiang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - V. Deepak
- Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Das Abhijit
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248002, India
| | - Mian Hou
- Academy of Continuing Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China
| | - Jing Che
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Cameron D. Siler
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
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Deepak V, Karanth P. Aridification driven diversification of fan-throated lizards from the Indian subcontinent. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 120:53-62. [PMID: 29197684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of monsoon climate and the consequent aridification has been one of the most important climate change episodes in the Indian subcontinent. However, little is known about how these events might have shaped the diversification patterns among the widely distributed taxa. Fan-throated lizards (FTL) (Genus: Sitana, Sarada) are widespread, diurnal and restricted to the semi-arid zones of the Indian subcontinent. We sampled FTL in 107 localities across its range. We used molecular species delimitation method and delineated 15 species including six putative species. Thirteen of them were distinguishable based on morphology but two sister species were indistinguishable and have minor overlaps in distribution. Five fossils were used to calibrate and date the phylogeny. Diversification of fan-throated lizards lineage started ~18 mya and higher lineage diversification was observed after 11 my. The initial diversification corresponds to the time when monsoon climate was established and the latter was a period of intensification of monsoon and initiation of aridification. Thirteen out of the fifteen FTL species delimited are from Peninsular India; this is probably due to the landscape heterogeneity in this region. The species poor sister genus Otocryptis is paraphyletic and probably represents relict lineages which are now confined to forested areas. Thus, the seasonality led changes in habitat, from forests to open habitats appear to have driven diversification of fan-throated lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Praveen Karanth
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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G. CD, Sreekar R, Deepak V. An ontogenetically stable sexual character in a montane agamid, Salea horsfieldii Gray, 1845 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from Nilgiris, India. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1369188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Daniel G.
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rachakonda Sreekar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - V. Deepak
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Mohapatra PP, Dutta SK, Kar NB, Das A, Murthy BHCK, Deepak V. Ahaetulla nasuta anomala (Annandale, 1906) (Squamata: Colubridae), resurrected as a valid species with marked sexual dichromatism. Zootaxa 2017; 4263:318-332. [PMID: 28609871 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4263.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we resolve the taxonomic confusion related to Ahaetulla nasuta anomala (Annandale, 1906). On the basis of molecular and morphological data, we remove it from the synonymy of Ahaetulla nasuta (Lacépède, 1789) and reinstate it as a valid species-Ahaetulla anomala. This species is sexually dichromatic, males are green and females are brown in colour. Though the brown morph morphologically resembles Ahaetulla pulverulenta (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) there are significant morphological and genetic differences between these two species. Additional information on taxonomy, natural history and distribution of the species is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush P Mohapatra
- Department of Zoology, Government Science College, Chatrapur, Odisha, India- 761020..
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Abstract
A new species of Sitana to the ponticeriana group is described herein from southern Tamil Nadu, India. Sitana marudhamneydhal sp.nov. is most similar to Sitana visiri, from which it differs in body scalation and dewlap size. Much like Sitana visiri, the breeding of this species coincides with the North-East monsoon rains (October to December), an adaptation related to its geographic location which receives higher rainfall during the North-East monsoon than the South-West monsoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India- 560012;
| | - Akshay Khandekar
- 2308k, Shukanagar, Hivatad village Sangli, India- 414301; unknown
| | - Sandeep Varma
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India- 560012; unknown
| | - R Chaitanya
- 508, 8 B Cross, Asha Township, Doddagubbi village, Bangalore, India-560077; unknown
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Deepak V, Giri VB, Asif M, Dutta SK, Vyas R, Zambre AM, Bhosale H, Praveen Karanth K. Systematics and phylogeny of Sitana (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Peninsular India, with the description of one new genus and five new species. Contrib Zool 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/18759866-08501004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We revise the taxonomy of the agamid genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829, a widely distributed terrestrial lizard from the Indian subcontinent based on detailed comparative analyses of external morphology, osteology and molecular data. We sampled 81 locations spread over 160,000 km2 in Peninsular India including type localities, which represented two known and five previously undescribed species. Based on general similarity in body shape and dewlap all species were hitherto identified as members of the genus Sitana. However, Sitana deccanensis and two other morphotypes, which are endemic to north Karnataka and Maharashtra in Peninsular India, are very distinct from the rest of the known members of the genus Sitana based on their external morphology and osteology. Moreover, members of this distinct morphological group were monophyletic in the molecular tree, and this clade (clade 1) was sister to two well-supported clades (2 and 3) constituting the rest of the Sitana . The interclade genetic divergence in mtDNA between clade 1 and clades 2 and 3 was 21-23%, whereas clade 2 and clade 3 exhibited 14- 16% genetic divergence. Thus, we designate a new genus name “Sarada ” gen. nov. for species represented in Clade 1, which also includes the recently resurrected Sitana deccanensis . We describe two new species in Sarada gen. nov. and three new species in Sitana . Similarity in the dewlap of Sitana and Sarada gen. nov. is attributed to similar function (sexual signaling) and similarity in body shape is attributed to a similar terrestrial life style and/or common ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Deepak
- 1 Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
- 6 E:mail:
| | - Varad B. Giri
- 2 National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, GKVK Bellari Road Bangalore 560065 India
| | - Mohammad Asif
- 3 Department of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 202002 India
| | - Sushil Kumar Dutta
- 4 Nature Environment & Wildlife Society (NEWS), Turang post Angul Odisha 759123 India
| | - Raju Vyas
- 5 505, Krishnadeep Tower, Mission road Fatehgunj, Vadodara Gujarat 390 002 India
| | - Amod M. Zambre
- 1 Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Harshal Bhosale
- 1 Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - K. Praveen Karanth
- 1 Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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Deepak V, Goryawala SN, Reddy Y, Chhabra RJ, Nandaprasad, Shah NK. Assessment of Ethnicity in Indian Population using Tooth Crown Metric Dental Traits. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7:83-7. [PMID: 26435624 PMCID: PMC4589727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth crown dimensions vary between different ethnic groups, providing insights into the factors controlling human dental development. This present study compares permanent mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual crown dimensions between four ethnic groups, highlighting patterns of tooth size between these groups and considers the findings in relation to genetic and environmental influences. MATERIALS AND METHODS MD and buccolingual tooth crown dimensions were recorded using digital vernier calipers on dental casts derived from four different human population: Iranians, Hindus, Muslims, and Christians. RESULTS Obtained measurements were subjected to statistical analysis. The Christian sample was found to have the largest teeth overall, whereas the Iranian sample generally displayed the smallest MD and buccolingual crown dimensions (P < 0.001). Comparisons of coefficients of variation for teeth within each class showed that the later-forming teeth displayed greater variation in MD size than the earlier-forming teeth. CONCLUSION The different patterns of tooth size observed between the study samples are thought to reflect differences in the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to dental development between the four population. Using a standardized methodology, significant differences in MD and buccolingual crown dimensions have been demonstrated between four human ethnic groups. There were also distinct differences in the patterns of crown size between the groups, with the later-forming teeth in each type generally showing greater size variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, MR Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,Correspondence: Dr. Deepak V. 1/36, Cline Road, Cooke Town, Bengaluru - 560 005, Karnataka, India. Phone: +91-7411184210.
| | - S N Goryawala
- Associate Professor, Department of Dentistry, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashwanth Reddy
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Cholanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R J Chhabra
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, MP Shah Government Medical College and Guru Gobind Singh Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujrat, India
| | - Nandaprasad
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Cholanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nishit Kumar Shah
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Surgery, Government Dental College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Somaweera R, Pantoja DL, Deepak V. Forgotten records of Chrysopelea taprobanica Smith, 1943 (Squamata: Colubridae) from India. Zootaxa 2015; 3947:597-600. [PMID: 25947759 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The colubrid snake Chrysopelea taprobanica Smith, 1943 was described from a holotype from Kanthali (= Kantalai) and paratypes from Kurunegala, both localities in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) (Smith 1943). Since its description, literature pertaining to Sri Lankan snake fauna considered this taxon to be endemic to the island (Taylor 1950, Deraniyagala 1955, de Silva 1980, de Silva 1990, Somaweera 2004, Somaweera 2006, de Silva 2009, Pyron et al. 2013). In addition, earlier efforts on the Indian peninsula (e.g. Das 1994, 1997, Das 2003, Whitaker & Captain 2004, Aengals et al. 2012) and global data compilations (e.g. Wallach et al. 2014, Uetz & Hošek 2015) did not identify any record from mainland India until Guptha et al. (2015) recorded a specimen (voucher BLT 076 housed at Bio-Lab of Seshachalam Hills, Tirupathi, India) in the dry deciduous forest of Chamala, Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve in Andhra Pradesh, India in November 2013. Guptha et al. (2015) further mentioned an individual previously photographed in 2000 at Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, but with no voucher specimen collected. Guptha's record, assumed to be the first confirmed record of C. taprobanica in India, is noteworthy as it results in a large range extension, from northern Sri Lanka to eastern India with an Euclidean distance of over 400 km, as well as a change of status, i.e., species not endemic to Sri Lanka. However, at least three little-known previous records of this species from India evaded most literature and were overlooked by the researchers including ourselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Somaweera
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, 50B Angove St., North Perth, WA 6006. Australia; unknown
| | - Davi Lima Pantoja
- Departamento de Zoologia, IB. Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF. 70910-900. Brazil; unknown
| | - V Deepak
- TE-11, Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012, Karnataka, India; unknown
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Kruger MC, Tousen Y, Katsumata S, Tadaishi M, Kasonga AE, Deepak V, Coetzee M, Ishimi Y. Effects of Soy Phytoestrogens and New Zealand Functional Foods on Bone Health. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 61 Suppl:S142-4. [PMID: 26598831 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.s142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand is a rich source of food components that may have bioactivity on bone. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil has been shown to maintain bone in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Kiwifruit, a source of fibre and carotenoids, may also affect bone via a prebiotic as well as direct cell-based mechanisms. We aimed to 1) ascertain the effects of DHA on two cell models, including interactions with soy isoflavones; 2) and investigate the specific effects of carotenoids from kiwifruit as well as whole kiwifruit in cell-based and rodent models as well as in a human study. RAW 264.7 mouse monocytes or mouse bone marrow was used to generate osteoclasts (OC). Cells were exposed to the agents between 5 and 21 d and formation and activity of OC measured, including molecular markers. DHA inhibited OC formation in both cell models, including expression of cathepsin K, NFATc1 as well as actin ring formation. Combination with isoflavones enhanced these effects. In OVX rats and mice fed with kiwifruit for 8 wk, green kiwifruit reduced the rate of bone loss after OVX, and in mice it reduced C-telopeptide of Type 1 collagen (CTX) levels and RANKL expression while in menopausal women, green kiwifruit affected blood lipids and bone markers positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria
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Abstract
Chrysopelea taprobanica Smith, 1943 was previously considered to be endemic to the dry and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. However, an adult specimen of C. taprobanica was collected from Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve of Andhra Pradesh, India, being the first record of this snake species from India, significantly extending the known range of distribution of the species. The dry zones of peninsular India were connected with Sri Lanka as recently as ca. 17,000 years ago, which probably allowed movement of species between these two regions.
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Deepak V, Malgaonkar NI, Shah NK, Nasser AS, Dagrus K, Bassle T. Palatal rugae patterns in orthodontically treated cases, are they a reliable forensic marker? J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:89-95. [PMID: 25395801 PMCID: PMC4229838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specialization of forensic odontology is fast emerging as a branch that helps in personal identification of both living as well as dead individuals and also in crime scene investigations. Establishing a person's identity can be a challenging task in cases of road accidents or acts of terrorism or mass disaster scenario. It is an established fact that palatal rugae are unique for each individual and can be reliably used in the forensic field for personal identification. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the post-treatment stability of palatal rugae pattern in individuals subjected to orthodontic treatment with and without extractions and palatal expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 137 pre- and post-orthodontically treated casts of patients were obtained from our institute, which were divided into 50 cases each of extraction and non-extraction, 37 cases of palatal expansion involving both extraction and non-extraction. Palatal rugae patterns of all the cases were compared pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS Chi-square test was applied for comparison of changes with respect to shape of rugae patterns. Maximum changes were seen in palatal expansion and extraction group and minimum changes in non-extraction group both on right and left sides. All three groups were compared involving all three parameters by Chi square test. About 89.19% and 84% of the study group showed changes in palatal expansion and extraction cases respectively. Although, a 62% of study subjects showed changes in non-extraction group with a P = 0.00041. CONCLUSION Orthodontic treatment has an impact on the stability of palatal rugae so investigator should be aware of this fact when analyzing for identification reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, MR Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nikhil I Malgaonkar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Yogita Dental College and Hospital, Khed, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India,Correspondence: Dr. Malgaonkar NI. Department of Oral Pathology, Yogita Dental College and Hospital, Khed, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Phone: +91-7387560194.
| | - Nishit Kumar Shah
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Surgery, Government Dental College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Azzeghaiby Saleh Nasser
- Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Al-Farabi College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kapil Dagrus
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Baroda, India
| | - Tarakji Bassle
- Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Al-Farabi College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ameer KA, Thomas R, Sureshkumar VK, Deepak V, Srikanth P, Arjun P, Nair V, Sahadulla MI, Thomas M. An unusual complication of a common gynaecological procedure. J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:490-492. [PMID: 24772756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A case of bilateral, but more of massive right sided transudative pleural effusion associated with bilateral ureteric trauma following laparoscopy for endometriosis is reported. The diagnosis of urinothorax was confirmed by demonstrating a pleural fluid to serum creatinine ratio of greater than one. Management of ureteric injury by insertion of Double J (DJ) stents on both sides resulted in resolution of the pleural effusion.
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Deepak V, Kalishwaralal K, Ramkumarpandian S, Babu SV, Senthilkumar SR, Sangiliyandi G. Optimization of media composition for Nattokinase production by Bacillus subtilis using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:8170-8174. [PMID: 18430568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology and central composite rotary design (CCRD) was employed to optimize a fermentation medium for the production of Nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis at pH 7.5. The four variables involved in this study were Glucose, Peptone, CaCl2, and MgSO4. The statistical analysis of the results showed that, in the range studied; only peptone had a significant effect on Nattokinase production. The optimized medium containing (%) Glucose: 1, Peptone: 5.5, MgSO4: 0.2 and CaCl2: 0.5 resulted in 2-fold increased level of Nattokinase (3194.25U/ml) production compared to initial level (1599.09U/ml) after 10h of fermentation. Nattokinase production was checked with fibrinolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil 626190, Viruthunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Usha M, Deepak V, Venkat S, Gargi M. Treatment of severely mutilated incisors: a challenge to the pedodontist. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2007; 25 Suppl:S34-6. [PMID: 17921639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease. In early childhood caries, there is early carious involvement and gross destruction of the maxillary anterior teeth. This leads to difficulty in speech, decreased masticatory efficiency, development of abnormal tongue habits and subsequent malocclusion and psychological problems if esthetics are compromised. The restoration of severely decayed primary incisors is often a difficult procedure that presents a special challenge to pediatric dentists. This case report documents the restoration of severely mutilated lateral incisors in a patient with early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Usha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, V. S. Dental College and Hospital, V. V. Puram, Bangalore - 560 004, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen, is well known to cause a wide spectrum of nosocomial infections particularly in intensive care units. The major outer membrane (OM) protein, OmpAb, of 40 kDa from A. baumannii has been identified and purified to homogeneity from cultures grown at 30 degrees C and 100 mM NaCl. The synthesis of OM proteins of A. baumannii is thermoregulated and osmoregulated. The pore forming ability of the purified OmpAb and the diffusion of uncharged solutes in proteoliposomes has been demonstrated by following the liposomal swelling assay. The trimeric OmpAb is characterized as a porin with a pore size of 1.3 nm and is found to be similar to the OmpF of Escherichia coli and can possibly be classified as a general diffusion pore. It appears that OmpAb plays an important role in the diffusion properties of the outer membrane of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jyothisri
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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