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Balzanelli MG, Distratis P, Lazzaro R, Pham VH, Del Prete R, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F, Aityan SK, Hoang LT, Palermo A, Nguyen KCD, Gargiulo Isacco C. The importance of arterial blood gas analysis as a systemic diagnosis approach in assessing and preventing chronic diseases, from emergency medicine to the daily practice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:11653-11663. [PMID: 38095412 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Blood gas analysis is a diagnostic tool to evaluate the partial pressures of gas in blood and acid-base content. The use of blood gas analysis enables a clear understanding of respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic disorders. The arterial blood gas (ABG) explicitly analyzes blood taken from an artery, assessing the patient's partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) pH (acid/base). PaO2 indicates the oxygenation status, and PaCO2 indicates the ventilation status (chronic or acute respiratory failure). PaO2 is affected by hyperventilation, characterized by rapid or deep breathing, and hypoventilation, characterized by slow or shallow breathing. The acid-base balance tested by the ABG procedure measures the pH and PaCO2 directly, while the use of the Hasselbach equation gives the serum bicarbonate (HCO3) and base deficit or excess. The measured HCO3 is based on a strong alkali that frees all CO2 in serum, including dissolved CO2, carbamino compounds, and carbonic acid. The calculation uses a standard chemistry analysis, giving the amount of "total CO2"; the difference will amount to around 1.2 mmol/L. Though ABG is frequently ordered in emergency medicine contests for acute conditions, it may also be needed in other clinical settings. The ABG analysis shows to be an exceptional diagnostic tool, including the group of diseases known as acid-base diseases (ABDs), which include a great variety of conditions such as severe sepsis, septic shock, hypovolemic shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal tubular acidosis, chronic respiratory failure, chronic heart failure, and diverse metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Balzanelli
- Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency, SET-118, SG Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Taranto, Italy.
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Pham VH, Gargiulo Isacco C, Nguyen KCD, Le SH, Tran DK, Nguyen QV, Pham HT, Aityan S, Pham ST, Cantore S, Inchingolo AM, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Ballini A, Inchingolo F. Rapid and sensitive diagnostic procedure for multiple detection of pandemic Coronaviridae family members SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and HCoV: a translational research and cooperation between the Phan Chau Trinh University in Vietnam and University of Bari "Aldo Moro" in Italy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:7173-7191. [PMID: 32633414 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202006_21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new pandemic coronavirus causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), initially called 2019-nCoV and successively named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 refers to the disease while the SARS-CoV-2 refers to the virus and is characterized by a rapid contagious capacity able to spread worldwide in a very short time. The rise in the number of infected patients and deaths is of great concern especially because symptoms are vague and similar to other forms of flu infection and corona syndrome infections characterized by fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. According to the latest guidelines published by the World Health Organization (WHO), the diagnosis of COVID-19 must be confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or gene sequencing of specimen obtained from throat, sputum and blood samples. However, the limitations due to logistics, as well as low sensitivity and specificity diagnostic tools currently available have been reported as the main cause of high incidence of either false-negative or positive results. PATIENTS AND METHODS The purpose of the present translational research protocol is to discuss and present the original findings from our research team on new diagnostic technique to detect four Coronaviridae family members (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, HCoV and MERS-CoV), highlighting the methodology, the procedure and the possible advantages. Moreover, the authors review the current epidemiology, precautions and safety measures for health personnel to manage patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection. RESULTS Implementation of an effective and rapid plan of diagnosing, screening and checking is a key factor to reduce and prevent further transmission. This procedure based on rRT-PCR could be of great help to decisively validate the results obtained from more conventional diagnostic procedures such as chest computed tomography (CT) imaging and chest ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS This translational diagnostic tool will assist emergency and primary care clinicians, as well as out-of-hospital providers, in effectively managing people with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Pham
- Phan Chau Trinh University of Medicine, Danang City, Vietnam.
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Gargiulo Isacco C, Ballini A, Paduanelli G, Inchingolo AD, Nguyen KCD, Inchingolo AM, Pham VH, Aityan SK, Schiffman M, Tran TC, Huynh TD, Filgueira L, Scarano A, Del Fabbro M, Mortellaro C, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F. Bone decay and beyond: how can we approach it better. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:143-154 DENTAL SUPPLEMENT. [PMID: 32425035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Osseo-degeneration is a disorder related to several factors, that may lead to the disruption of several skeletal regions providing support, such as the femur head, the vertebrae and the alveolar bone. The functional condition can be restored by means of grafting procedures, using different materials: calcium powder, xenografts, ceramics and metals. Such procedures aim at reforming an adequate bone volume and strength, that is necessary to support loading forces. Bone regeneration requires that the basic biological principles of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction and biocompatibility are followed. The success of regenerative procedures may depend on the inner structural, mechanical and metabolic condition of the host's bone on which implants should be inserted, on the surgical technique, and on the biomaterial used. Among these, the aging process of the patient appears to be relevant. It can be associated with metabolic disease leading to systemic functional decay, which involves a gradual steady decline of hormonal, immune function and osteo-metabolic activity. The latter can affect the positive outcomes of bone reconstruction and implant therapy. This review will analyze the biological and physiological factors involved in the bone tissue break-down, such as the influences from gut microbiome unbalance and the consequent metabolic, endocrine, immune dysfunctions, the surgery procedures and the quality of the grafting material used. The decline of bone architecture and strength should be corrected by using an appropriate clinical regenerative approach, based on a bio-endocrine, metabolic and immunologic know-how. The final characteristics of the regenerated bone must be able to support the loading forces transmitted by the implants, independent of the body location, and should be individualized according to the different condition of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.), the School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"
- Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An City Vietnam
- Human Stem Cells Research Center HSC of Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - A Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - G Paduanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.), the School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - A D Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.), the School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - K C D Nguyen
- Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An City Vietnam
| | - A M Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.), the School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - V H Pham
- Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An City Vietnam
| | | | - M Schiffman
- Plastic Surgeon and Scientific Consultant, Los Angeles CA-USA
| | - T C Tran
- Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An City Vietnam
| | - T D Huynh
- Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An City Vietnam
| | - L Filgueira
- Faculty of Science and Medicine University of Fribourg, Fribourg-Switzerland
| | - A Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - C Mortellaro
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - G Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.), the School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"
| | - F Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.), the School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro"
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Minderhoud PSJ, Erkens G, Pham VH, Bui VT, Erban L, Kooi H, Stouthamer E. Impacts of 25 years of groundwater extraction on subsidence in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Environ Res Lett 2017; 12:064006. [PMID: 30344619 PMCID: PMC6192430 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many major river deltas in the world are subsiding and consequently become increasingly vulnerable to flooding and storm surges, salinization and permanent inundation. For the Mekong Delta, annual subsidence rates up to several centimetres have been reported. Excessive groundwater extraction is suggested as the main driver. As groundwater levels drop, subsidence is induced through aquifer compaction. Over the past 25 years, groundwater exploitation has increased dramatically, transforming the delta from an almost undisturbed hydrogeological state to a situation with increasing aquifer depletion. Yet the exact contribution of groundwater exploitation to subsidence in the Mekong delta has remained unknown. In this study we deployed a delta-wide modelling approach, comprising a 3D hydrogeological model with an integrated subsidence module. This provides a quantitative spatially-explicit assessment of groundwater extraction-induced subsidence for the entire Mekong delta since the start of widespread overexploitation of the groundwater reserves. We find that subsidence related to groundwater extraction has gradually increased in the past decades with highest sinking rates at present. During the past 25 years, the delta sank on average ∼18 cm as a consequence of groundwater withdrawal. Current average subsidence rates due to groundwater extraction in our best estimate model amount to 1.1 cm yr-1, with areas subsiding over 2.5 cm yr-1, outpacing global sea level rise almost by an order of magnitude. Given the increasing trends in groundwater demand in the delta, the current rates are likely to increase in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S J Minderhoud
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Unit of Soil and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Delta Research Institute, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | - G Erkens
- Unit of Soil and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Delta Research Institute, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V H Pham
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Unit of Soil and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Delta Research Institute, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Water Resources Planning and Investigation for the South of Vietnam (DWRPIS), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V T Bui
- Division of Water Resources Planning and Investigation for the South of Vietnam (DWRPIS), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - L Erban
- US EPA Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, United States of America
| | - H Kooi
- Unit of Soil and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Delta Research Institute, P.O. Box 85467, 3508 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Stouthamer
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Amir FZ, Pham VH, Dickerson JH. Facile synthesis of ultra-small ruthenium oxide nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11772k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a facile and environment friendly approach to prepare ultra-small RuO2–RGO nanoparticle hybrid electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Z. Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Geology
- Winthrop University
- Rock Hill
- USA
| | - V. H. Pham
- Center of Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - J. H. Dickerson
- Center of Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
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Nguyen TH, Masquelier B, Pham VH, Nguyen TV, Lafon ME, Truong TX, Nguyen HC, Sinoussi FB, Fleury HJ. Further characterization of HIV-1 isolates from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1999; 20:93-5. [PMID: 9928736 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199901010-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The aetiology of branchial cysts is unknown. It is possible that they arise by more than one mechanism. The major theories are that they originate either from the branchial apparatus or from lymphoid tissues. A retrospective review was conducted of 61 cases occurring over a recent 14-year period. Eighty-five percent were diagnosed after the age of 10 years, 80% occurred in the 'classical' position, 80% had a squamous epithelial lining and 87% had lymphoid tissue in the wall. The clinical and histological features strongly support the lymphoid aetiology theory for the majority of branchial cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Chionh
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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