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Smit WL, de Boer RJ, Meijer BJ, Spaan CN, van Roest M, Koelink PJ, Koster J, Dekker E, Abbink TEM, van der Knaap MS, van den Brink GR, Muncan V, Heijmans J. Translation initiation factor eIF2Bε promotes Wnt-mediated clonogenicity and global translation in intestinal epithelial cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102499. [PMID: 34399164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of global mRNA translation, which is essential for intestinal stem cell function, is controlled by Wnt signaling. Loss of tumor supressor APC in stem cells drives adenoma formation through hyperactivion of Wnt signaling and dysregulated translational control. It is unclear whether factors that coordinate global translation in the intestinal epithelium are needed for APC-driven malignant transformation. Here we identified nucleotide exchange factor eIF2Bε as a translation initiation factor involved in Wnt-mediated intestinal epithelial stemness. Using eIF2BεArg191His mice with a homozygous point mutation that leads to dysfunction in the enzymatic activity, we demonstrate that eIF2Bε is involved in small intestinal crypt formation, stemness marker expression, and secreted Paneth cell-derived granule formation. Wnt hyperactivation in ex vivo eIF2BεArg191His organoids, using a GSK3β inhibitor to mimic Apc driven transformation, shows that eIF2Bε is essential for Wnt-mediated clonogenicity and associated increase of the global translational capacity. Finally, we observe high eIF2Bε expression in human colonic adenoma tissues, exposing eIF2Bε as a potential target of CRC stem cells with aberrant Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Smit
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B J Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C N Spaan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M van Roest
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P J Koelink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Koster
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Oncogenomics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T E M Abbink
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Functional Genomics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M S van der Knaap
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G R van den Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V Muncan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Heijmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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van Lidth de Jeude JF, Meijer BJ, Wielenga MCB, Spaan CN, Baan B, Rosekrans SL, Meisner S, Shen YH, Lee AS, Paton JC, Paton AW, Muncan V, van den Brink GR, Heijmans J. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress by deletion of Grp78 depletes Apc mutant intestinal epithelial stem cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:3397-3405. [PMID: 27819675 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial stem cells are highly sensitive to differentiation induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Colorectal cancer develops from mutated intestinal epithelial stem cells. The most frequent initiating mutation occurs in Apc, which results in hyperactivated Wnt signalling. This causes hyperproliferation and reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy, but whether these mutated stem cells are sensitive to ER stress induced differentiation remains unknown. Here we examined this by generating mice in which both Apc and ER stress repressor chaperone Grp78 can be conditionally deleted from the intestinal epithelium. For molecular studies, we used intestinal organoids derived from these mice. Homozygous loss of Apc alone resulted in crypt elongation, activation of the Wnt signature and accumulation of intestinal epithelial stem cells, as expected. This phenotype was however completely rescued on activation of ER stress by additional deletion of Grp78. In these Apc-Grp78 double mutant animals, stem cells were rapidly lost and repopulation occurred by non-mutant cells that had escaped recombination, suggesting that Apc-Grp78 double mutant stem cells had lost self-renewal capacity. Although in Apc-Grp78 double mutant mice the Wnt signature was lost, these intestines exhibited ubiquitous epithelial presence of nuclear β-catenin. This suggests that ER stress interferes with Wnt signalling downstream of nuclear β-catenin. In conclusion, our findings indicate that ER stress signalling results in loss of Apc mutated intestinal epithelial stem cells by interference with the Wnt signature. In contrast to many known inhibitors of Wnt signalling, ER stress acts downstream of β-catenin. Therefore, ER stress poses a promising target in colorectal cancers, which develop as a result of Wnt activating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F van Lidth de Jeude
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B J Meijer
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C B Wielenga
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C N Spaan
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Baan
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S L Rosekrans
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Meisner
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y H Shen
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Lee
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A W Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - V Muncan
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G R van den Brink
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Heijmans
- Academic Medical Center, Tygat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Phesse TJ, Myant KB, Cole AM, Ridgway RA, Pearson H, Muncan V, van den Brink GR, Vousden KH, Sears R, Vassilev LT, Clarke AR, Sansom OJ. Endogenous c-Myc is essential for p53-induced apoptosis in response to DNA damage in vivo. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:956-66. [PMID: 24583641 PMCID: PMC4013513 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that C-MYC may be an excellent therapeutic cancer target and a number of new agents targeting C-MYC are in preclinical development. Given most therapeutic regimes would combine C-MYC inhibition with genotoxic damage, it is important to assess the importance of C-MYC function for DNA damage signalling in vivo. In this study, we have conditionally deleted the c-Myc gene in the adult murine intestine and investigated the apoptotic response of intestinal enterocytes to DNA damage. Remarkably, c-Myc deletion completely abrogated the immediate wave of apoptosis following both ionizing irradiation and cisplatin treatment, recapitulating the phenotype of p53 deficiency in the intestine. Consistent with this, c-Myc-deficient intestinal enterocytes did not upregulate p53. Mechanistically, this was linked to an upregulation of the E3 Ubiquitin ligase Mdm2, which targets p53 for degradation in c-Myc-deficient intestinal enterocytes. Further, low level overexpression of c-Myc, which does not impact on basal levels of apoptosis, elicited sustained apoptosis in response to DNA damage, suggesting c-Myc activity acts as a crucial cell survival rheostat following DNA damage. We also identify the importance of MYC during DNA damage-induced apoptosis in several other tissues, including the thymus and spleen, using systemic deletion of c-Myc throughout the adult mouse. Together, we have elucidated for the first time in vivo an essential role for endogenous c-Myc in signalling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through the control of the p53 tumour suppressor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Phesse
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff.CF10 3US, Cardiff, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K B Myant
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - A M Cole
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - R A Ridgway
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - H Pearson
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff.CF10 3US, Cardiff, UK
| | - V Muncan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G R van den Brink
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K H Vousden
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - L T Vassilev
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - A R Clarke
- School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff.CF10 3US, Cardiff, UK
| | - O J Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
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Heijmans J, Büller NV, Muncan V, van den Brink GR. Role of mast cells in colorectal cancer development, the jury is still out. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1822:9-13. [PMID: 21146606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The link between inflammation and colorectal cancer development is becoming increasingly clear. It had long been recognized that patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at an increased risk of colon cancer. Evidence from experimental animals now also implicates the innate immune system in the development of sporadically occurring intestinal adenomas, the precursors to colorectal cancer. Here we discuss the interaction between the immune system and the adenoma to carcinoma sequence with a special emphasis on the role of mast cells which may play a key role in adenoma development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heijmans
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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