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Jothimani D, Simon E, Palanichamy S, Murugesan S, Ramachandran H, Sridhar V, Rajakumar A, Kaliamoorthy I, Narasimhan G, Rela M. Outcome of Patients Waitlisted for Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Experience. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:601-607. [PMID: 36846504 PMCID: PMC9937687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim COVID-19 pandemic has strained several healthcare resources across the world. While liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease, we aimed to determine the clinical outcome of patients waitlisted for deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective comparative observational study of adult patients waitlisted for DDLT from January 2019 to January 2022 at our liver unit (Dr Rela Institute and Medical Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) was carried out. Patient demographics, disease etiology, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease - Sodium (MELD-Na) score were calculated for all patients listed during the study period. Clinical event was defined as number of DDLT, death in the absence of transplant, and patients awaiting LT were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS V24.0. Results In total, 310 patients were waitlisted for DDLT, of whom 148, 63, and 99 patients listed during 2019, 2020, and 2021 (till January 2022), respectively; 22 (53.6%), 10 (24.3%), and 9 (21.9%) patients underwent DDLT in the year 2019, 2020, and 2021 (P = 0.000); 137 patients (44.19%) died on the DDLT waitlist of whom 41 (29.9%), 67 (48.9%), and 29 (21.1%) in the year 2019, 2020, and 2021 (P = 0.000), respectively. Waitlist mortality was significantly higher during the COVID first wave. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted patients waitlisted for DDLT in India. With limited access to healthcare facilities and decreased organ donation rates during the pandemic, there was a considerable reduction in the patients waitlisted for DDLT, lesser number of patients underwent DDLT, and higher waitlist mortality during the pandemic year. Efforts to improve organ donation in India should be strongly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Jothimani
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Evangeline Simon
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Swetha Palanichamy
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Sivakumar Murugesan
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Hemalatha Ramachandran
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Vaasudevan Sridhar
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Akila Rajakumar
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Ilankumaran Kaliamoorthy
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Gomathy Narasimhan
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chrompet, Chennai, 600044, India
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Prasannakumar NR, Jyothi N, Prasadbabu K, Ramkumar G, Asokan R, Saroja S, Sridhar V. Evidence-based insecticide resistance in South American tomato leaf miner, Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) under laboratory selection. Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:419-429. [PMID: 36920057 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The South American tomato moth, Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick), is one of the key pests of tomato in India. Since its report in 2014, chemical control has been the main means of tackling this pest, both in the open field and protected cultivation. Despite regular insecticidal sprays, many outbreaks were reported from major tomato-growing regions of South India during 2019-2020. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of insecticide resistance on biology, biochemical enzymes, and gene expression in various P. absoluta field populations viz., Bangalore, Kolar, Madurai, Salem, and Anantapur to commonly used insecticides such as flubendiamide, cyantraniliprole, and indoxacarb. Increased levels of insecticide resistance ratios (RR) were recorded in P. absoluta populations of different locations. A significant increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP/MFO) and esterase levels was noticed in the resistant population compared to susceptible one. Through molecular studies, we identified four new CYP genes viz., CYP248f (flubendiamide), CYP272c, CYP724c (cyantraniliprole), and CYP648i (indoxacarb). The expression levels of these genes significantly increased as the folds of resistance increased from G1 to G20 (generation), indicating involvement of the identified genes in insecticide resistance development in P. absoluta. In addition, the resistant populations showed decreased fecundity, increased larval development period, and adult longevity, resulting in more crop damage. The information generated in the present study thus helps in understanding the development of insecticide resistance by P. absoluta and suggests the farmers and researchers to use insecticides wisely by adopting insecticide resistance management as a strategy under integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Prasannakumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - N Jyothi
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - K Prasadbabu
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - G Ramkumar
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - R Asokan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - S Saroja
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - V Sridhar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560089, India
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Moulin TC, Dey S, Dashi G, Li L, Sridhar V, Safa T, Berkins S, Williams MJ, Schiöth HB. A simple high-throughput method for automated detection of Drosophila melanogaster light-dependent behaviours. BMC Biol 2022; 20:283. [PMID: 36527001 PMCID: PMC9758938 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like most living organisms, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits strong and diverse behavioural reactions to light. Drosophila is a diurnal animal that displays both short- and long-term responses to light, important for, instance, in avoidance and light wavelength preference, regulation of eclosion, courtship, and activity, and provides an important model organism for understanding the regulation of circadian rhythms both at molecular and circuit levels. However, the assessment and comparison of light-based behaviours is still a challenge, mainly due to the lack of a standardised platform to measure behaviour and different protocols created across studies. Here, we describe the Drosophila Interactive System for Controlled Optical manipulations (DISCO), a low-cost, automated, high-throughput device that records the flies' activity using infrared beams while performing LED light manipulations. RESULTS To demonstrate the effectiveness of this tool and validate its potential as a standard platform, we developed a number of distinct assays, including measuring the locomotor response of flies exposed to sudden darkness (lights-off) stimuli. Both white-eyed and red-eyed wild-type flies exhibit increased activity after the application of stimuli, while no changes can be observed in Fmr1 null allele flies, a model of fragile X syndrome. Next, to demonstrate the use of DISCO in long-term protocols, we monitored the circadian rhythm of the flies for 48 h while performing an alcohol preference test. We show that increased alcohol consumption happens intermittently throughout the day, especially in the dark phases. Finally, we developed a feedback-loop algorithm to implement a place preference test based on the flies' innate aversion to blue light and preference for green light. We show that both white-eyed and red-eyed wild-type flies were able to learn to avoid the blue-illuminated zones. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the versatility of DISCO for a range of protocols, indicating that this platform can be used in a variety of ways to study light-dependent behaviours in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C. Moulin
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361 Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sovik Dey
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Dashi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Li
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vaasudevan Sridhar
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tania Safa
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel Berkins
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael J. Williams
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jamieson WRE, Ely JL, Brink J, Pennel T, Bannon P, Patel J, Gupta RK, Mohan Rao PS, Agrawal D, Wiklund L, Kappetein AP, Haaverstad R, Geisner T, Doenst T, Schlensak C, Nair S, Brown C, Siepe M, Damiano RJ, Langlois Y, Cherian KM, Azar H, Chen JC, Bavaria JE, Fedoruk LM, Munfakh NA, Sridhar V, Scholz PM, Pfeffer TA, Ye J. PROSE: Prospective Randomized Trial of the On-X Mechanical Prosthesis and the St Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis Evaluation: Part 2: Study results-prostheses, positions, and economic development. JTCVS Open 2022; 12:51-70. [PMID: 36590733 PMCID: PMC9801238 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The Prospective Randomized On-X Mechanical Prosthesis Versus St Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis Evaluation (PROSE) trial purpose was to investigate whether a current-generation mechanical prosthesis (On-X; On-X Life Technologies/Artivion Inc) reduced the incidence of thromboembolic-related complications compared with a previous-generation mechanical prosthesis (St Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis; Abbott/St Jude Medical). This second report documents the valve-related complications by individual prostheses and by Western and Developing populations. Methods The PROSE trial study was conducted in 28 worldwide centers and incorporated 855 subjects randomized between 2003 and 2016. The study enrollment was discontinued on August 31, 2016. The study protocol, and analyses of 10 demographic variables and 24 risk factors were published in detail in 2021. Results The total patient population (N = 855) included patients receiving an On-X valve (n = 462) and a St Jude Medical valve (n = 393). The overall freedom evaluation showed no differences at 5 years between the prostheses for thromboembolism or for valve thrombosis. There were also no differences in mortality. There were several differences between Developing and Western populations. The freedom relations at 5 years for mortality favored Western over Developing populations. Valve thrombosis was differentiated by position and site: aortic < mitral (P = .007) and Western < Developing (P = .005). In the mitral position there were no cases in Western populations, whereas there were 8 in Developing populations (P = .217). Conclusions The On-X valve and St Jude Medical valve performed equally well in the study with no differences found. The only differentiation occurred with valve thrombosis in the mitral position more than the aortic position and occurring in Developing more than Western populations. The occurrence of valve thrombosis was also related to a younger population possibly due to anticoagulation compliance based on record review.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. R. Eric Jamieson
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada,Address for reprints: W. R. Eric Jamieson, MD, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 272 Waterleigh Dr, Vancouver, British Columbia V5X 4T2, Canada.
| | - John L. Ely
- Heart of the Matter Clinical Consultants, Austin, Tex
| | - Johan Brink
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy Pennel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Bannon
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jashvant Patel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, B. D. Mehta Mahavir Heart Institute, Surat, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prasanna Simha Mohan Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shri Jaya Deva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Damyanti Agrawal
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenberg, Sweden
| | | | - Rune Haaverstad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Geisner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Universitats Klinik Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Universitats Klinik Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Apollo Multispecialty Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Salgunan Nair
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Horizon New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John, New Brunswich, Canada
| | - Craig Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitats Herzzentrum, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Siepe
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Ralph J. Damiano
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Langlois
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Hormoz Azar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kaiser-Permanente Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - John C. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Christian Hospital Northeast, St Louis, Mo
| | - Joseph E. Bavaria
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Lynn M. Fedoruk
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Victoria Heart Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nabil A. Munfakh
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Apollo Multispecialty Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - V. Sridhar
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Peter M. Scholz
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Thomas A. Pfeffer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kaiser-Permanente Hospital, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jian Ye
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Legett C, Newell RT, Reyes-Newell AL, Nelson AE, Bernardi P, Bender SC, Forni O, Venhaus DM, Clegg SM, Ollila AM, Pilleri P, Sridhar V, Maurice S, Wiens RC. Optical calibration of the SuperCam instrument body unit spectrometers. Appl Opt 2022; 61:2967-2974. [PMID: 35471291 DOI: 10.1364/ao.447680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The SuperCam remote sensing instrument on NASA's Perseverance rover is capable of four spectroscopic techniques, remote micro-imaging, and audio recording. These analytical techniques provide details of the chemistry and mineralogy of the rocks and soils probed in the Jezero Crater on Mars. Here we present the methods used for optical calibration of the three spectrometers covering the 243-853 nm range used by three of the four spectroscopic techniques. We derive the instrument optical response, which characterizes the instrument sensitivity to incident radiation as a function of a wavelength. The instrument optical response function derived here is an essential step in the interpretation of the spectra returned by SuperCam as it converts the observed spectra, reported by the instrument as "digital counts" from an analog to digital converter, into physical values of spectral radiance.
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Jamieson WRE, Ely JL, Brink J, Pennel T, Bannon P, Patel J, Kumar Gupta R, Mohan Rao PS, Agrawal D, Wiklund L, Kappetein AP, Haaverstad R, Geisner T, Doenst T, Schlensak C, Nair S, Brown C, Siepe M, Damiano RJ, Langlois Y, Cherian KM, Azar H, Chen JC, Bavaria JE, Fedoruk LM, Munfakh NA, Sridhar V, Scholz PM, Pfeffer TA, Ye J. PROSE: Prospective Randomized Trial of the On-X Mechanical Prosthesis and the St Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis Evaluation : Part 1(Patient Dynamics): Preoperative demographics and preoperative and operative risk factors. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:323. [PMID: 34732197 PMCID: PMC8565024 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The PROSE trial purpose is to investigate whether the incidence of thromboembolic-related complications is reduced with a current generation mechanical prosthesis (On-X Life Technologies/CryoLife Inc.-On-X) compared with a previous generation mechanical prosthesis (St Jude Medical-SJM). The primary purpose of the initial report is to document the preoperative demographics, and the preoperative and operative risk factors by individual prosthesis and by Western and Developing populations. METHODS The PROSE study was conducted in 28 worldwide centres and incorporated 855 subjects randomized between 2003 and 2016. The study enrollment was discontinued on August 31, 2016. The preoperative demographics incorporated age, gender, functional class, etiology, prosthetic degeneration, primary rhythm, primary valve lesion, weight, height, BSA and BMI. The preoperative and operative evaluation incorporated 24 risk factors. RESULTS The total patient population (855) incorporated On-X population (462) and the St Jude Medical population (393). There was no significant difference of any of the preoperative demographics between the On-X and SJM groups. The preoperative and operative risk factors evaluation showed there was no significant difference between the On-X and St Jude Medical populations. The preoperative and operative risk factors by valve position (aortic and mitral) also documented no differentiation. The dominant preoperative demographics of the Western world population were older age, male gender, sinus rhythm, aortic stenosis, congenital aortic lesion, and mitral regurgitation. The dominant demographics of the Developing world population were rheumatic etiology, atrial fibrillation, aortic regurgitation, mixed aortic lesions, mitral stenosis and mixed mitral lesions. The Developing world group had only one significant risk factor, congestive heart failure. The majority of the preoperative and operative risk factors were significant in the Western world population. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative demographics do not differentiate the prostheses but do differentiate the Western and Developing world populations. The preoperative and operative risk factors do not differentiate the prostheses BUT do differentiate the Western and Developing world populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Eric Jamieson
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - John L Ely
- Heart of the Matter CV Consulting, Austin, USA
| | - Johan Brink
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars Wiklund
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig Brown
- Horizon New Brunswick Heart Center, St. John, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Hormoz Azar
- Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - V Sridhar
- Apollo Mulitspecialty Hospitals, Madurai, India
| | - Peter M Scholz
- Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, USA
| | | | - Jian Ye
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Joshi S, Bhaskar H, Poon VSA, Mala BRJ, Jayanthi PDK, Pai SG, Thite SV, Sood AK, Kedar SC, Sridhar V, Deepthy KB, Navik O, Rachana RR. Occurrence and spread of Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in India. Zootaxa 2021; 5039:561-570. [PMID: 34811062 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5039.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The notoriously destructive and invasive soft scale, Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), is recorded for the first time from India. The scale is redescribed to facilitate its identification and information on its host range, natural enemies and distribution is provided. An identification key to the Indian species in this genus is given. Management options in the event of an outbreak are discussed briefly. The establishment of this scale insect warrants special attention in India as it is a potentially damaging plant pest and has a broad host range across many plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Joshi
- Division of Germplasm Collection and Characterization, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H.A. Farm post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 024, Karnataka, India..
| | - Haseena Bhaskar
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India..
| | - V S Aashiq Poon
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India..
| | - B R Jayanthi Mala
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka, India..
| | - P D Kamala Jayanthi
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka, India..
| | - Sachin G Pai
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India..
| | - Sachin V Thite
- Department of Botany, K.B.P. Mahavidyalaya (Autonomous), Pandharpur, Solapur 413304, Maharashtra, India. .
| | - Ajay K Sood
- Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062 (Himachal Pradesh), India..
| | - Santosh C Kedar
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Ministry of Science and Technology, Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India..
| | - V Sridhar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka, India..
| | - K B Deepthy
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India..
| | - Omprakash Navik
- Division of Germplasm Collection and Characterization, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H.A. Farm post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 024, Karnataka, India..
| | - R R Rachana
- Division of Germplasm Collection and Characterization, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H.A. Farm post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 024, Karnataka, India..
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8
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Venkatramanan S, Wu S, Shi B, Marathe A, Marathe M, Eubank S, Sah LP, Giri AP, Colavito LA, Nitin KS, Sridhar V, Asokan R, Muniappan R, Norton G, Adiga A. Modeling Commodity Flow in the Context of Invasive Species Spread: Study of Tuta absoluta in Nepal. Crop Prot 2020; 135:104736. [PMID: 32742052 PMCID: PMC7394466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trade and transport of goods is widely accepted as a primary pathway for the introduction and dispersal of invasive species. However, understanding commodity flows remains a challenge owing to its complex nature, unavailability of quality data, and lack of systematic modeling methods. A robust network-based approach is proposed to model seasonal flow of agricultural produce and examine its role in pest spread. It is applied to study the spread of Tuta absoluta, a devastating pest of tomato in Nepal. Further, the long-term establishment potential of the pest and its economic impact on the country are assessed. Our analysis indicates that regional trade plays an important role in the spread of T. absoluta. The economic impact of this invasion could range from USD 17-25 million. The proposed approach is generic and particularly suited for data-poor scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatramanan
- Biocomplexity Institute & Initiative, University of Virginia
| | - S Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech
| | - B Shi
- Department of Economics, Virginia Tech
| | - A Marathe
- Biocomplexity Institute & Initiative, University of Virginia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia
| | - M Marathe
- Biocomplexity Institute & Initiative, University of Virginia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia
| | - S Eubank
- Biocomplexity Institute & Initiative, University of Virginia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia
| | - L P Sah
- Feed the Future Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab
- Feed the Future Asian Vegetable and Mango Innovation Lab
- International Development Enterprises, Nepal
| | - A P Giri
- Feed the Future Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab
- Feed the Future Asian Vegetable and Mango Innovation Lab
- International Development Enterprises, Nepal
| | - L A Colavito
- Feed the Future Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab
- Feed the Future Asian Vegetable and Mango Innovation Lab
- International Development Enterprises, Nepal
| | - K S Nitin
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
| | - V Sridhar
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
| | - R Asokan
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
| | - R Muniappan
- Feed the Future Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab
| | - G Norton
- Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech
| | - A Adiga
- Biocomplexity Institute & Initiative, University of Virginia
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9
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Shankhpal SS, Waghela CR, Sherasia PL, Srivastava AK, Sridhar V. Effect of feeding betaine hydrochloride and bypass fat supplement on feed intake, milk yield and physiological parameters in lactating buffaloes during heat stress. IJDS 2019. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2019.v72i03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Suryanarayanan R, Sridhar V. Future Factories – Automated Welding Cell based on Cloud Computing Technology. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Cloud Systems 2018. [DOI: 10.4108/eai.16-5-2018.155883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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11
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Sains P, Chana KS, Sridhar V, Sajid MS. Pilot study on an innovative biosensor with a range of medical and surgical applications. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:81. [PMID: 29378638 PMCID: PMC5789537 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this article is to briefly outline the utilization of biosensors in medicine and surgery and present diagnostic efficacy of thermal product (TP) based biosensor. Results The working principle of biosensor is based on measuring TP of a material in contact with the sensor. When an electrical square wave pulse of certain amplitude and duration is passed through TP based biosensor, the generated heat from its higher resistance will be dissipated and recorded by the sensor. As the surrounding material composition changes, the dissipated heat split between the sensor substrate and surrounding material changes which can be correlated to the change in TP of the material. For biological tissues, it is known that the thermal properties of tissues are quite different for different layers in the body and hence the heat absorbed will be different. The experiments were conducted on biological and non-biological tissues. For data acquisition software LabView 2014 (64-bit) was used and software used for post-processing was MATLAB R2015a (64-bit). The resulting graphs of TP from various materials (oil, water, saline, acetone) and biological tissue (porcine belly, porcine thigh layers and porcine abdominal viscera) expressed prominent deflections indicating diagnostic efficacy of TP based biosensor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3163-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sains
- Department of General, Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, Brighton & Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Eastern Rd, Brighton, East Sussex, BN2 5BE, UK
| | - K S Chana
- Osney Thermo-fluids Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - V Sridhar
- Osney Thermo-fluids Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - M S Sajid
- Department of General, Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, Brighton & Sussex University Hospital NHS Trust, Eastern Rd, Brighton, East Sussex, BN2 5BE, UK.
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12
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Sridhar V, Reddy PS, Reddy SS, Satihal MB, Prasad MS, Kumar VR, Kumar PS. Development and validation of molecular markers for sucking pest resistance in Cotton. Can J Biotech 2017. [DOI: 10.24870/cjb.2017-a272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Murty ASN, Sain K, Sridhar V, Prasad ASSSRS, Raju S. Delineation of Trap and Subtrappean Mesozoic Sediments in Saurashtra Peninsula, India. CURR SCI INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v110/i9/1844-1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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15
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Surya Sandeep M, Sridhar V, Puneeth Y, Ravindra Babu P, Naveen Babu K. Enhanced oral bioavailability of felodipine by naringenin in Wistar rats and inhibition of P-glycoprotein in everted rat gut sacsin vitro. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1371-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.819885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Sridhar V, Surya Sandeep M, Ravindra Babu P, Naveen Babu K. Evaluation of First-Pass Cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein Activities Using Felodipine and Hesperetin in Combination in Wistar Rats and Everted Rat Gut Sacs in Vitro. Phytother Res 2013; 28:699-705. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sridhar
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh 520010 India
| | - M. Surya Sandeep
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh 520010 India
| | - P. Ravindra Babu
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh 520010 India
| | - K. Naveen Babu
- Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh 520010 India
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17
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Sridhar V, Lee I, Chun HH, Park H. Graphene reinforced biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) nano-composites. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Sundararaman PG, Manomani R, Sridhar GR, Sridhar V, Sundaravalli A, Umachander M. Risk of atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a study from South India. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 1:271-5. [PMID: 18370651 DOI: 10.1089/1540419031361435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often present for cosmetic and or reproductive symptoms; attention is generally not paid to the future risk of atherosclerosis for these women. Given that Asian Indians are insulin resistant and prone to metabolic syndrome at an earlier age, we assessed glucose/insulin ratio and intimal medial thickness (IMT) in young women with PCOS from south India. In this cross-sectional case control study, we assessed insulin resistance and carotid IMT in 40 women presenting with hyperandrogenic features of PCOS. Insulin resistance was assessed by fasting glucose/insulin ratio and IMT by the Doppler system with electrical linear transducer midfrequency of 12 MHz. Women with PCOS had higher fasting insulin levels (36.58 +/- 17.81 muU/mL, vs. 16.60 +/- 3.22 muU/mL in controls; p < 0.001), higher insulin resistance (glucose/insulin ratio 2.81 +/- 1.47 vs. 5.47 +/- 1.46 in controls; p < 0.001), and greater IMT (0.53 +/- 0.14 mm vs. 0.39 +/- 0.06 mm in controls; p < 0.001). Women with PCOS had a higher body mass index (BMI) (26.46 +/- 5.24 vs. 23.24 +/- 3.05 in controls; p < 0.001), and the differences between PCOS and controls persisted, even among those who had a BMI of less than 25. We concluded that South Indian women with the reproductive abnormalities of PCOS have greater insulin resistance and IMT, and therefore they must be advised about lowering the risk of future vascular disease.
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Satheeshmanikandan T, Sridhar V, Kanthikiran V, Swaroopkumar V, Mukkanti K. Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Glipizide, Cilostazol and its Active Metabolite 3, 4-dehydro-cilostazol in Rat Plasma: Application for a Pharmacokinetic Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 62:425-32. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1316374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.R. Satheeshmanikandan
- Incozen Therapeutics Private Limited, Spectrum, Discovery Zone, Turkapplly, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V. Sridhar
- Incozen Therapeutics Private Limited, Spectrum, Discovery Zone, Turkapplly, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V.V. Kanthikiran
- Incozen Therapeutics Private Limited, Spectrum, Discovery Zone, Turkapplly, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V.V. Swaroopkumar
- Incozen Therapeutics Private Limited, Spectrum, Discovery Zone, Turkapplly, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K. Mukkanti
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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20
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Zhu D, Xu J, Sridhar V, Yu Z, Weber R. 59. Cooling enhances the masking effects of conditioning high frequency electrical stimulation on sensory nerve action potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Sridhar V, Wali GG. Letter to the Editor. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12663-011-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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22
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Kumbhare RM, Dadmal T, Kosurkar U, Sridhar V, Rao JV. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of thiourea and N-bis-benzothiazole derivatives: a novel class of cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:453-5. [PMID: 22115593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazolyl thiocarbamides has been achieved using a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) followed by its chemoselective oxidative cyclization with 1,3-di-n-butylimidazolium tribromide[bbim][Br(3)] to afford the N-bis-benzothiazole derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against two human monocytic cell lines (U 937, THP-1) and a mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F10). Based on their IC(50) values, the majority of the benzothiazolyl thiocarbamides and N-bis-benzothiazoles had significant antiproliferative activity on U 937 and B16-F10 cells, the compounds 3b, 3e, 3f, 3k, 6c and 6h were found to be the most active. The present findings indicate clearly that the compound 3e exhibited more antiproliferative activity on U 937 cells than the standard molecule, etoposide. Nevertheless, these compounds have shown comparatively less cytotoxicity towards THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Kumbhare
- Fluoroorganic Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India.
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23
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Arepalli SK, Sridhar V, Venkateswara Rao J, Kavin Kennady P, Venkateswarlu Y. Furano-sesquiterpene from soft coral, Sinularia kavarittiensis: induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent pathway in THP-1, leukemia cell line. Apoptosis 2009; 14:729-40. [PMID: 19283488 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay directed fractionation and purification led to the successful isolation of a furano sesquiterpene, Methyl 5-[(1E,5E)-2,6-Dimethyl octa-1,5,7-trienyl] furan-3-carboxylate (MDTFC), a bioactive component from a soft coral, Sinularia kavarittiensis. Its structure was determined by analyzing (1)H, (13)C NMR and FAB-MS. The results show that MDTFC could efficiently and selectively inhibit the proliferation of several human cancer cell lines. Among all the cell lines, THP-1 was found to be most sensitive (IC(50) 29.59 microM), whereas the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were least effected (IC(50) 464.16 microM). The molecular mechanism of MDTFC mediated apoptosis was investigated for the first time. Induction of apoptosis in THP-1 cells was characterized by cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and decrease in level of pro-caspases 3, 9 and increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Our results were further strengthened through cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (Psim) and cytosolic release of cytochrome c, which are key events during apoptosis. Moreover, phosphatidyl serine exposure and appearance of sub-G1 peak also demonstrated cell death, when analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation was prevented moderately when pretreated with caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK) and largely with caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK). In summary, MDTFC mediated apoptosis involves mitochondria-dependent pathway and the present compound of marine origin might have a therapeutic value against human cancer cell lines and especially on leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Arepalli
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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24
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Dang TTN, Mahapatra SP, Sridhar V, Kim JK, Kim KJ, Kwak H. Dielectric properties of nanotube reinforced butyl elastomer composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Lee SH, Hwang SH, Kontopoulou M, Sridhar V, Zhang ZX, Xu D, Kim JK. The effect of physical treatments of waste rubber powder on the mechanical properties of the revulcanizate. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Mahendra Prashanth KV, Sridhar V. The relationship between noise frequency components and physical, physiological and psychological effects of industrial workers. Noise Health 2009; 10:90-8. [PMID: 19052441 DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.44347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A corollary to industrialization and urbanization is a significant increase in noise levels. In many industrial settings, the noise levels are such that they are potential health hazards. There are many studies which suggest that prolonged exposures to high noise levels have a negative impact on various aspects of human physiology. However, not much work has been conducted in studying the effects of various noise frequencies in the industrial environment. This paper has made an attempt to identify various noise frequency components to which the workers of six major industries in Mysore (Karnataka State, India) are being exposed, and their effects on the physical, physiological, and psychological systems of the working community with respect to their noisy industrial environment. The study results showed that the sampled industrial workers were repeatedly being exposed to noise of dominant low- and mid-octave band center frequencies. It is found that symptoms such as 'eye ball pressure,' 'awakening from sleep,' 'pains in neck,' 'frequent ear vibration,' 'chronic fatigue,' 'repeated headache,' 'backache,' and 'repeated ear pulsation' are observed to be highly associated with low- and mid-octave band center frequency noise exposure among the sampled workers. Furthermore, among the major psychological symptoms identified to be associated with octave band center frequencies, it is evident that 'irritability' is highly associated with low- and mid-octave band noise frequency characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Mahendra Prashanth
- Department of Electronics Engineering, VKIT, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bangalore - 560 074, Karnataka, India.
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27
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Sridhar V, Xiu ZZ, Xu D, Lee SH, Kim JK, Kang DJ, Bang DS. Fly ash reinforced thermoplastic vulcanizates obtained from waste tire powder. Waste Manag 2009; 29:1058-1066. [PMID: 18838261 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel thermoplastic composites made from two major industrial and consumer wastes, fly ash and waste tire powder, have been developed. The effect of increasing fly ash loadings on performance characteristics such as tensile strength, thermal, dynamic mechanical and magnetic properties has been investigated. The morphology of the blends shows that fly ash particles have more affinity and adhesion towards the rubbery phase when compared to the plastic phase. The fracture surface of the composites shows extensive debonding of fly ash particles. Thermal analysis of the composites shows a progressive increase in activation energy with increase in fly ash loadings. Additionally, morphological studies of the ash residue after 90% thermal degradation shows extensive changes occurring in both the polymer and filler phases. The processing ability of the thermoplastics has been carried out in a Monsanto processability testing machine as a function of shear rate and temperature. Shear thinning behavior, typical of particulate polymer systems, has been observed irrespective of the testing temperatures. Magnetic properties and percolation behavior of the composites have also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sridhar
- Elastomer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
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28
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Xu D, Sridhar V, Mahapatra SP, Kim JK. Dielectric properties of exfoliated graphite reinforced flouroelastomer composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xu D, Sridhar V, Pham TT, Kim JK. Dispersion, mechanical and thermal properties of nano graphite platelets reinforced flouroelastomer composites. e-Polymers 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly.2008.8.1.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe potential of exfoliated graphite nano platelets (xGnP™) as reinforcing fillers in flouroelastomer has been investigated. The dispersion of the nano graphite platelets in the polymer matrix has been investigated by WAXD, SEM, TEM, EPMA and AFM. WAXD studies indicated that the processing of composites did not change the inter-gallery distance (d-spacing) of the graphite platelets. The effect of increasing nano graphite loadings on mechanical properties like tensile strength, modulus and tear resistance has been studied. Formation of weld lines on the fracture surface of the composite has been observed by SEM. The thermal stability was determined using thermogravimetric analysis. The composites showed higher thermal stability in comparison with nonreinforced polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Xu
- 1Elastomer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Gyeong sang National University, Jinju, Korea
- 2College of Material science and Chemical Engineering, Tian Jin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - V. Sridhar
- 1Elastomer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Gyeong sang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Thanh Tu Pham
- 1Elastomer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Gyeong sang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Kuk Kim
- 1Elastomer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Gyeong sang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Lee SH, Shanmugharaj AM, Sridhar V, Zhang ZX, Kim JK. Preparation and characterization of polypropylene and waste tire powder modified by allylamine blends. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Mahapatra SP, Sridhar V, Tripathy DK, Kim JK, Kwak H. Dynamic mechanical and dielectric relaxation characteristics of microcellular rubber composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Varanasi KKV, Sridhar V, Potharaju S, Shraddha R, Sivakumar S, Kanaga Sabapathi S, Satheeshmanikandan T, Swaroop Kumar V. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of nateglinide, cilostazol and its active metabolite 3,4-dehydro-cilostazol in Wistar rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 865:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Venkateswara Rao J, Kavitha P, Jakka NM, Sridhar V, Usman PK. Toxicity of organophosphates on morphology and locomotor behavior in brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2007; 53:227-32. [PMID: 17549541 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity and hatching success of four organophosphorus insecticides--acephate (ACEP), chlorpyrifos (CPP), monocrotophos (MCP), and profenofos (PF)--was studied in a short-term bioassay using brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Fifty percent hatchability inhibition concentration and median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values were calculated after probit transformation of the resulting data. Among the insecticides tested, CPP is found to be the most toxic and also to inhibit hatching success of A. salina cysts in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the effect of these pesticides on locomotor behavior (swimming speed) and morphologic differences were studied in LC(50)-exposed nauplii after 24 hours. The in vivo effect of these insecticides on acetylcholinesterase (Enzyme commission number (EC 3.1.1.7) activity was also determined in LC(50)-exposed nauplii after 24 hours. Maximum percent decrease in their swimming speed and significant morphologic alterations were noticed in CPP-exposed brine shrimps. The order of toxicity was CPP > PF > MCP > ACEP in all the parameters studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venkateswara Rao
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, 500 007, Hyderabad, India.
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Das B, Reddy VS, Krishnaiah M, Sharma AVS, Ravi Kumar K, Rao JV, Sridhar V. Acetylated pseudoguaianolides from Parthenium hysterophorus and their cytotoxic activity. Phytochemistry 2007; 68:2029-34. [PMID: 17570445 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical examination of the flowers of Parthenium hysterophorus has resulted in the isolation of four acetylated pseudoguaianolides along with several known constituents. The structures of the compounds were derived from detailed studies of their spectral (1D and 2D NMR and FABMS) data and by comparison of the values with those of parthenin, a major known constituent of the plant. The cytotoxic activity of parthenin and the constituents was evaluated using Jurkat (human: T lymphocyte; acute T cell leukemia), HL-60 (human leukemia) and Hela (human cervical carcinoma) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Das
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Chandrika PM, Yakaiah T, Rao ARR, Narsaiah B, Reddy NC, Sridhar V, Rao JV. Synthesis of novel 4,6-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives, their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity (cytotoxic) against U937 leukemia cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:846-52. [PMID: 17689837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In view of the link between use of NSAIDs and altered cancer incidence and a growing evidence of COX-II implication in angiogenesis, a novel series of 4,6-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives have been synthesized starting from anthranilic acid derivatives 1 through conventional methods. Initially acylation followed by cyclisation to obtain benz-oxazinones 2 which on further treatment with ammonia yielded the crucial intermediate, 2-substituted benzamide (3). The products were subsequently cyclised to obtain quinazolones 4, chlorinated 5, then hooked to various optically pure alpha-amino acids to have 4,6-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives 6. All the derivatives 6 are screened for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity against U937 leukemia cell lines. Some of the compounds exhibited promising anti-cancer activity with reference to standard drug Etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mani Chandrika
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, Andhrapradesh, India
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Bhavani S, Nagargadde A, Thawani A, Sridhar V, Chandra N. Substructure-based support vector machine classifiers for prediction of adverse effects in diverse classes of drugs. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 46:2478-86. [PMID: 17125188 DOI: 10.1021/ci060128l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unforeseen adverse effects exhibited by drugs contribute heavily to late-phase failure and even withdrawal of marketed drugs. Torsade de pointes (TdP) is one such important adverse effect, which causes cardiac arrhythmia and, in some cases, sudden death, making it crucial for potential drugs to be screened for torsadogenicity. The need to tap the power of computational approaches for the prediction of adverse effects such as TdP is increasingly becoming evident. The availability of screening data including those in organized databases greatly facilitates exploration of newer computational approaches. In this paper, we report the development of a prediction method based on a support machine vector algorithm. The method uses a combination of descriptors, encoding both the type of toxicophore as well as the position of the toxicophore in the drug molecule, thus considering both the pharmacophore and the three-dimensional shape information of the molecule. For delineating toxicophores, a novel pattern-recognition method that utilizes substructures within a molecule has been developed. The results obtained using the hybrid approach have been compared with those available in the literature for the same data set. An improvement in prediction accuracy is clearly seen, with the accuracy reaching up to 97% in predicting compounds that can cause TdP and 90% for predicting compounds that do not cause TdP. The generic nature of the method has been demonstrated with four data sets available for carcinogenicity, where prediction accuracies were significantly higher, with a best receiver operating characteristics (ROC) value of 0.81 as against a best ROC value of 0.7 reported in the literature for the same data set. Thus, the method holds promise for wide applicability in toxicity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhavani
- Applied Research Group, Satyam Computer Services Limited, SID Block, IISc Campus, Bangalore, India
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Mahapatra S, Sridhar V, Chaudhary R, Tripathy D. Relaxation behavior of conductive carbon black reinforced EPDM microcellular vulcanizates. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mahapatra SP, Sridhar V, Tripathy DK. Dielectric studies of conductive carbon black reinforced microcellular ethylene–propylene–diene monomer vulcanizates. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sridhar V, Tripathy DK. Physico-mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and swelling properties of sodium chloride filled chlorobutyl vulcanizates. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sritharan M, Asuthkar S, Sridhar V. UNDERSTANDING IRON ACQUISITION BY PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRES: A REVIEW. Indian J Med Microbiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sritharan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Sridhar V, Chaudhary RNP, Tripathy DK. Relaxation behavior of carbon silica dual phase filler reinforced chlorobutyl vulcanizates. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rao JV, Begum G, Sridhar V, Reddy NC. Sublethal effects of monocrotophos on locomotor behavior and gill architecture of the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis. J Environ Sci Health B 2005; 40:813-25. [PMID: 16194919 DOI: 10.1080/03601230500227509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Subacute studies of monocrotophos [Dimethyl (E)-1-methyl-2-(methyl-carbamoyl) vinyl phosphate] on mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, were carried out in vivo for 24 days to assess the locomotor behavior, structural integrity of gill, and targeted enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC: 3.1.1.7) interactions. Monocrotophos (MCP) can be rated as moderately toxic to G. affinis, with a median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of 20.49 +/- 2.45 mgL(-1). The fish exposed to sublethal concentration of LC(10) (7.74 mgL(-1)) were under stress and altered their locomotor behavior, such as distance traveled per unit time (m min(-1)) and swimming speed (cm sec(-1)) with respect to the length of exposure. Inhibition in the activity of brain AChE and deformities in the primary and secondary lamellae of gill may have resulted in failure of exchange of gases. The maximum inhibition of 95% of AChE activity was observed on days 20 and 24. Morphological aberrations in the gills were also studied during exposure to the sublethal concentration of monocrotophos for a period ranging from 8 to 24 days. The extent of damage in gill was dependent on the duration of exposure. The findings revealed that inhibition in brain AChE activity and structural alteration in gill were responsible for altering the locomotor behavior of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venkateswara Rao
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Vardhini D, Suneetha S, Ahmed N, Joshi DSM, Karuna S, Magee X, Vijayalakshmi DSR, Sridhar V, Karunakar KV, Archelos JJ, Suneetha LM. Comparative proteomics of the Mycobacterium leprae binding protein myelin P0: its implication in leprosy and other neurodegenerative diseases. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2004; 4:21-8. [PMID: 15019586 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2003] [Revised: 11/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy invades Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves leading to nerve damage and disfigurement, which is the hallmark of the disease. Wet experiments have shown that M. leprae binds to a major peripheral nerve protein, the myelin P zero (P0). This protein is specific to peripheral nerve and may be important in the initial step of M. leprae binding and invasion of Schwann cells which is the feature of leprosy. Though the receptors on Schawann cells, cytokines, chemokines and antibodies to M. leprae have been identified the molecular mechanism of nerve damage and neurodegeneration is not clearly defined. Recently pathogen and host protein/nucleotide sequence similarities (molecular mimicry) have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. The approach of the present study is to utilise bioinformatic tools to understand leprosy nerve damage by carrying out sequence and structural similarity searches of myelin P0 with leproma and other genomic database. Since myelin P0 is unique to peripheral nerve, its sequence and structural similarities in other neuropathogens have also been noted. Comparison of myelin P0 with the M. leprae proteins revealed two characterised proteins, Ferrodoxin NADP reductase and a conserved membrane protein, which showed similarity to the query sequence. Comparison with the entire genomic database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) by basic local alignment search tool for proteins (BLASTP) and fold classification of structure-structure alignment of proteins (FSSP) searches revealed that myelin P0 had sequence/structural similarities to the poliovirus receptor, coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, anthrax protective antigen, diphtheria toxin, herpes simplex virus, HIV gag-1 peptide, and gp120 among others. These proteins are known to be associated directly or indirectly with neruodegeneration. Sequence and structural similarities to the immunoglobin regions of myelin P0 could have implications in host-pathogen interactions, as it has homophilic adhesive properties. Although these observed similarities are not highly significant in their percentage identity, they could be functionally important in molecular mimicry, receptor binding and cell signaling events involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Vardhini
- LEPRA India, Blue Peter Research Centre, Cherlapally, Hyderabad 501301, India
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Misra A, Pandey RM, Sinha S, Guleria R, Sridhar V, Dudeja V. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis of body fat & body mass index in dyslipidaemic Asian Indians. Indian J Med Res 2003; 117:170-9. [PMID: 14604306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Optimal limit of body mass index (BMI) for Asian Indians remains to be defined. In this study, we describe the anthropometric and lipid profiles and determine the appropriate cut-offs of BMI for defining obesity in dyslipidaemic patients. METHODS Correlations were carried out between lipid profile and anthropometric variables in 217 dyslipidaemic Asian Indians and the data were compared to those of 123 healthy historical controls. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to determine the appropriate cut-offs of BMI for defining obesity taking the percentage of body fat (% BF) as the standard. RESULTS Dyslipidaemic patients had high waist-hip ratio (W-HR) and percentage of BF. The prevalence of obesity as measured by percentage of BF was significantly (P < 0.05) higher as compared to obesity defined by the BMI cut-off. W-HR was the most important independent predictor (odds ratio: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.02-7.83) of atherogenic dyslipidaemia on multivariate logistic regression analysis. On ROC curve analysis the suggested appropriate cut-offs of BMI were; males 24.0 kg/m2 (sensitivity, 74.7%, and specificity, 79.7%), and females 23.0 kg/m2 (sensitivity, 85.7% and specificity, 62.5%). According to the suggested lower limits of BMI, an additional 15 per cent dyslipidaemic patients will be diagnosed as obese. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The observations in dyslipidaemic Asian Indians suggest high prevalence rates of generalized and abdominal obesity, and that high values of W-HR alone predisposes to atherogenic dyslipidaemia. Further, obesity may be optimally defined by a lower cut-off of BMI. The revised criteria for the BMI-based diagnosis of obesity will lead to a more rational management of dyslipidaemia in Asian Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Misra
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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