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Awuah WA, Roy S, Tan JK, Adebusoye FT, Qiang Z, Ferreira T, Ahluwalia A, Shet V, Yee ALW, Abdul‐Rahman T, Papadakis M. Exploring the current landscape of single-cell RNA sequencing applications in gastric cancer research. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18159. [PMID: 38494861 PMCID: PMC10945075 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) represents a major global health burden and is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related fatalities. Its complex nature, characterized by heterogeneity and aggressive behaviour, poses considerable challenges for effective diagnosis and treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as an important technique, offering unprecedented precision and depth in gene expression profiling at the cellular level. By facilitating the identification of distinct cell populations, rare cells and dynamic transcriptional changes within GC, scRNA-seq has yielded valuable insights into tumour progression and potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, this technology has significantly improved our comprehension of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and its intricate interplay with immune cells, thereby opening avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, certain obstacles, including tumour heterogeneity and technical limitations, persist in the field. Current endeavours are dedicated to refining protocols and computational tools to surmount these challenges. In this narrative review, we explore the significance of scRNA-seq in GC, emphasizing its advantages, challenges and potential applications in unravelling tumour heterogeneity and identifying promising therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss recent developments, ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges, and future prospects. Although further enhancements are required, scRNA-seq has already provided valuable insights into GC and holds promise for advancing biomedical research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakshi Roy
- School of MedicineQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | | | - Zekai Qiang
- Department of Oncology & MetabolismThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Tomas Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Vallabh Shet
- Faculty of MedicineBangalore Medical College and Research InstituteBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | | | | | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
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2
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Das S, Shet V, Palakodeti S, Pokhrel P, Ansari M, Qutaish O, Rao M, Ravilla S. Late onset psychosis in a case of 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 microdeletion ( Burnside-Butler) syndrome: A case report and literature review. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241229058. [PMID: 38292875 PMCID: PMC10826381 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241229058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Burnside-Butler syndrome is an inheritable genetic condition characterized by the partial deletion of specific genetic material located on chromosome 15q11. Individuals diagnosed with this particular medical condition display a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including psychosis, aggression, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, developmental disorders involving learning difficulties, language delays, autism spectrum disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The authors discuss the case of a 51-year-old Caucasian female diagnosed with Burnside-Butler syndrome at 8 years. The article highlights the importance of raising awareness regarding the complex nature and delayed onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with this syndrome. It also emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary care for individuals affected by this uncommon condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vallabh Shet
- Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Maliha Ansari
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, GJ, India
| | - Osama Qutaish
- Vinnytsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnitsya, Ukraine
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Awuah WA, Tan JK, Shkodina AD, Ferreira T, Adebusoye FT, Mazzoleni A, Wellington J, David L, Chilcott E, Huang H, Abdul-Rahman T, Shet V, Atallah O, Kalmanovich J, Jiffry R, Madhu DE, Sikora K, Kmyta O, Delva MY. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Novel insights into the pathogenesis and management. SAGE Open Med 2023; 12:20503121231221941. [PMID: 38162912 PMCID: PMC10757446 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231221941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterised primarily by muscle stiffness in the lower limbs. Neurodegenerative disorders are conditions that result from cellular and metabolic abnormalities, many of which have strong genetic ties. While ageing is a known contributor to these changes, certain neurodegenerative disorders can manifest early in life, progressively affecting a person's quality of life. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is one such condition that can appear in individuals of any age. In hereditary spastic paraplegia, a distinctive feature is the degeneration of long nerve fibres in the corticospinal tract of the lower limbs. This degeneration is linked to various cellular and metabolic processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction, remodelling of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, autophagy, abnormal myelination processes and alterations in lipid metabolism. Additionally, hereditary spastic paraplegia affects processes like endosome membrane trafficking, oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms. Disease-causing genetic loci and associated genes influence the progression and severity of hereditary spastic paraplegia, potentially affecting various cellular and metabolic functions. Although hereditary spastic paraplegia does not reduce a person's lifespan, it significantly impairs their quality of life as they age, particularly with more severe symptoms. Regrettably, there are currently no treatments available to halt or reverse the pathological progression of hereditary spastic paraplegia. This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of hereditary spastic paraplegia, emphasising the interactions of various genes identified in recent network studies. By comprehending these associations, targeted molecular therapies that address these biochemical processes can be developed to enhance treatment strategies for hereditary spastic paraplegia and guide clinical practice effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anastasiia D Shkodina
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Tomas Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adele Mazzoleni
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jack Wellington
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Lian David
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ellie Chilcott
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Helen Huang
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Vallabh Shet
- Faculty of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India
| | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Riaz Jiffry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Mykhailo Yu Delva
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
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Awuah WA, Ahluwalia A, Ghosh S, Roy S, Tan JK, Adebusoye FT, Ferreira T, Bharadwaj HR, Shet V, Kundu M, Yee ALW, Abdul-Rahman T, Atallah O. The molecular landscape of neurological disorders: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing in neurology and neurosurgery. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:529. [PMID: 37974227 PMCID: PMC10652629 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a transformative technology in neurological and neurosurgical research, revolutionising our comprehension of complex neurological disorders. In brain tumours, scRNA-seq has provided valuable insights into cancer heterogeneity, the tumour microenvironment, treatment resistance, and invasion patterns. It has also elucidated the brain tri-lineage cancer hierarchy and addressed limitations of current models. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been molecularly subtyped, dysregulated pathways have been identified, and potential therapeutic targets have been revealed using scRNA-seq. In epilepsy, scRNA-seq has explored the cellular and molecular heterogeneity underlying the condition, uncovering unique glial subpopulations and dysregulation of the immune system. ScRNA-seq has characterised distinct cellular constituents and responses to spinal cord injury in spinal cord diseases, as well as provided molecular signatures of various cell types and identified interactions involved in vascular remodelling. Furthermore, scRNA-seq has shed light on the molecular complexities of cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke, providing insights into specific genes, cell-specific expression patterns, and potential therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the potential of scRNA-seq in guiding precision medicine approaches, identifying clinical biomarkers, and facilitating therapeutic discovery. However, challenges related to data analysis, standardisation, sample acquisition, scalability, and cost-effectiveness need to be addressed. Despite these challenges, scRNA-seq has the potential to transform clinical practice in neurological and neurosurgical research by providing personalised insights and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wireko Andrew Awuah
- Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, Zamonstanksya 7, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine
| | | | - Shankaneel Ghosh
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sakshi Roy
- School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Tomas Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Vallabh Shet
- Faculty of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mrinmoy Kundu
- Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Toufik Abdul-Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, Zamonstanksya 7, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine
| | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Das S, Shet V, Jogarajah T, Ibrahim A, Reyes M, Fernandez Co EM, Reddy B. Nicolau syndrome associated with fluphenazine depot: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231180747. [PMID: 37440972 PMCID: PMC10333627 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231180747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicolau syndrome is a rare condition characterized by severe pain at the site of injection, leading to ulceration and necrosis of the local tissues. Its presentation is usually acute. Nicolau syndrome is commonly seen in patients after intramuscular, intra-articular, or subcutaneous injections of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antihistamines, and corticosteroids. Immediate diagnosis and management of this syndrome are of great importance. We herein report a rare presentation of Nicolau syndrome in a 36-year-old married male who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia for the past 3 years. The patient presented with dull pain, mild swelling, and necrotic ulceration over the injection site after receiving intramuscular fluphenazine. The patient underwent wound debridement and was given prophylactic antibiotics. Despite a wide range of therapeutic options for the management of Nicolau syndrome described in the literature, there exist limited guidelines for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Das
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital,
Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vallabh Shet
- Bangalore Medical College &
Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Thusanth Jogarajah
- Faculty of Medicine, Richmond Gabriel
University, Belair, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Abdulgafar Ibrahim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences,
Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marlon Reyes
- American University of Antigua College
of Medicine, St. John’s, Antigua and Barbuda
| | | | - Balaswamy Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National
Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Agolli A, Agolli O, Chowdhury S, Shet V, Benitez JSC, Bheemisetty N, Waleed MS. Increased cannabis use in pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Discoveries (Craiova) 2022; 10:e148. [PMID: 36530177 PMCID: PMC9748245 DOI: 10.15190/d.2022.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost one in every 20 pregnant women self-reports marijuana use during pregnancy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this number has risen to 1 in 6 pregnant women. Some of the main factors associated with cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation are management of chronic conditions, sensation-seeking, dealing with stress, and other conditions related to pregnancy. The action of cannabis on endocannabinoid receptors might cause poor blastocyst implantation, inhibition of decidualization, compromised placentation, miscarriage and poor embryo development.The children born to mothers who used cannabis during pregnancy manifested higher aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and higher levels of the hormone cortisol, compared to children of non-cannabis users. In this review we summarize the effects of cannabis use on fetal development during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the existing published peer-reviewed scientific literature. The COVID-19 pandemic has served as an additional stimulus that has increased cannabis use among pregnant women. Prenatal cannabis use is associated with health risks for the mother and child. Cannabis use in pregnant mothers is associated with low infant birth weight and potential negative neurodevelopmental effects in the offspring. It remains unclear how long these changes will persist in the affected children. It is essential that clinicians educate pregnant women about the harm of prenatal cannabis use, improve strategies to support women at risk, and create new intervention strategies to help them stop using cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vallabh Shet
- Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India
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Shet V, Gouliouris T, Brown NM, Turton JF, Zhang J, Woodford N. IMP metallo-β-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1408-9. [PMID: 21393151 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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