1
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Daaoub A, Morris JMF, Béland VA, Demay‐Drouhard P, Hussein A, Higgins SJ, Sadeghi H, Nichols RJ, Vezzoli A, Baumgartner T, Sangtarash S. Not So Innocent After All: Interfacial Chemistry Determines Charge-Transport Efficiency in Single-Molecule Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302150. [PMID: 37029093 PMCID: PMC10953449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Most studies in molecular electronics focus on altering the molecular wire backbone to tune the electrical properties of the whole junction. However, it is often overlooked that the chemical structure of the groups anchoring the molecule to the metallic electrodes influences the electronic structure of the whole system and, therefore, its conductance. We synthesised electron-accepting dithienophosphole oxide derivatives and fabricated their single-molecule junctions. We found that the anchor group has a dramatic effect on charge-transport efficiency: in our case, electron-deficient 4-pyridyl contacts suppress conductance, while electron-rich 4-thioanisole termini promote efficient transport. Our calculations show that this is due to minute changes in charge distribution, probed at the electrode interface. Our findings provide a framework for efficient molecular junction design, especially valuable for compounds with strong electron withdrawing/donating backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalghani Daaoub
- Device Modelling GroupSchool of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - James M. F. Morris
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Paul Demay‐Drouhard
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Amaar Hussein
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling GroupSchool of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling GroupSchool of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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2
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Yang X, Kuziola J, Béland VA, Busch J, Leutzsch M, Bures J, Cornella J. Bismuth-Catalyzed Amide Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202306447. [PMID: 37283567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article we report that a cationic version of Akiba's Bi(III) complex catalyzes the reduction of amides to amines using silane as hydride donor. The catalytic system features low catalyst loadings and mild conditions, en route to secondary and tertiary aryl- and alkylamines. The system permits that functional groups such as alkene, alkyne, ester, nitrile, furan, and thiophene remain intact. Kinetic studies on the reaction mechanism result in the identification of a reaction network with an important product inhibition that is in agreement with the experimental reaction profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Organometallic chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Jennifer Kuziola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Organometallic chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Vanessa A Béland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, organometallic chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Julia Busch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, organometallic chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, GERMANY
| | - Jordi Bures
- The University of Manchester, chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Organometallic Chemistry, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, GERMANY
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3
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Hussein A, Asok N, Béland VA, Gaffen JR, LeBlanc J, Baumgartner T. Development of the P-Arylation of Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phosphole with Aryl Iodonium Salts. Chempluschem 2023:e202300133. [PMID: 37084062 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
P-Arylation of dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phosphole toward cationic phenyl phospholium species using diaryliodonium reagents was explored. Multiple conditions were tested to optimize the reaction, including variation of solvent, temperature, stoichiometry, time, and aryliodonium species employed. Initial use of diphenyliodonium chloride led to an unexpected dithienophosphole Cu(I) chloride complex that was characterized crystallographically. Alternatively, the use of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate in ethanol under microwave conditions led to the successful isolation of the P-arylated target. The phenyl dithienophospholium species exhibits blue luminescence with a quantum yield of 100% in solution that is considerably red-shifted in the solid state. The photophysics and solid-state organization of the new species were compared with those of a related methyl congener, showing distinct differences that are assigned to the nature of the carbon-based substituent at the phosphorus center, which was also confirmed by DFT calculations, and the supramolecular organization in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Baumgartner
- York University, Department of Chemistry, 4700 Keele St, M3J 1P3, Toronto, CANADA
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4
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. Polymer networks functionalized with
low‐valent
phosphorus cations. Journal of Polymer Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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5
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Abstract
The development of batteries and fuel cells has brought to light a need for carbon anode materials doped homogeneously with electrocatalytic metals. In particular, combinations of electrocatalysts in carbon have shown promising activity. A method to derive functional carbon materials is the pyrolysis of metallopolymers. This work describes the synthesis of a bifunctional phosphonium-based system derived from a phosphane-ene network. The olefin functionality can be leveraged in a hydrogermylation reaction to functionalize the material with Ge. Unaffected by this radical addition, the bromide counterion of the phosphonium cation can be used to subsequently incorporate a second metal in an ion-complexation reaction with CuBr2 . The characterization of the polymers and the derived ceramics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for, Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for, Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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6
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Bridges CR, Borys AM, Béland VA, Gaffen JR, Baumgartner T. Phosphoryl- and phosphonium-bridged viologens as stable two- and three-electron acceptors for organic electrodes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10483-10487. [PMID: 34094306 PMCID: PMC8162449 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight organic molecules that can accept multiple electrons at high reduction potentials are sought after as electrode materials for high-energy sustainable batteries. To date their synthesis has been difficult, and organic scaffolds for electron donors significantly outnumber electron acceptors. Herein, we report the synthesis and electronic properties of two highly electron-deficient phosphaviologen derivatives from a phosphorus-bridged 4,4'-bipyridine and characterize their electrochemical properties. Phosphaviologen sulfide (PVS) and P-methyl phosphaviologen (PVM) accept two and three electrons at high reduction potentials, respectively. PVM can reversibly accept three electrons between 3–3.6 V vs. Li/Li+ with an equivalent molecular weight of 102 g (mol−1 e−) (262 mA h g−1), making it a promising scaffold for sustainable organic electrode materials having high specific energy densities. Two strongly electron-accepting viologens, including an intriguing tricationic species, are reported. The utility of the tricationic viologen for energy storage has been showcased via use as electrode in a proof-of-concept battery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Bridges
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Andryj M Borys
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Joshua R Gaffen
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
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7
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Béland VA, Ragogna PJ. Metallized Phosphane-Ene Polymer Networks as Precursors for Ceramics with Excellent Shape Retention. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:27640-27650. [PMID: 32441913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our research group has reported the synthesis of phosphane-ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of cross-linked tertiary alkyl phosphines. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines and the material's susceptibility to solution chemistry, we were able to generate Co, Al, and Ge macromolecular adducts. The metallized polymer networks can be pyrolyzed to make metal-doped carbon, commodity materials in the areas of battery, and fuel cell research. The polymer precursors can also be shaped by spin coating and lithography, before being metallized and pyrolyzed to give patterned ceramics, which display excellent shape retention of the original patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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8
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Macdonald CLB, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. Frontispiece: A Comprehensive Investigation of a Zwitterionic Ge
I
Dimer with a 1,2‐Dicationic Core. Chemistry 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201986562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Charles L. B. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Windsor 410 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryCarleton University 203 Steacie Building, 1125 Colonel By Dr. Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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9
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Macdonald CLB, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. A Comprehensive Investigation of a Zwitterionic Ge
I
Dimer with a 1,2‐Dicationic Core. Chemistry 2019; 25:14790-14800. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Charles L. B. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Windsor 410 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryCarleton University 203 Steacie Building, 1125 Colonel By Dr. Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Researchthe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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11
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham TK, Ragogna PJ. Antimony-Functionalized Phosphine-Based Photopolymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13252-13256. [PMID: 30011124 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphane-ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of crosslinked tertiary alkyl phosphines are reported. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines, stibino-phosphonium and stibino-bis(phosphonium) functionalized polymer networks could be generated. Small-molecule stibino-phosphonium and stibino-bis(phosphonium) compounds have been well characterized previously and were used as models for spectroscopic comparison to the macromolecular analogues by NMR and XANES spectroscopy. This work reveals that the physical and electronic properties of the materials can be tuned depending on the type of coordination environment. These materials can be used as ceramic precursors, where the Sb-functionalized polymers influence the composition of the resulting ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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12
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Dube JW, Béland VA, Boyle PD, Ragogna PJ. Utilizing a zwitterionic approach for the synthesis of late transition metal – triphosphenium ion coordination compounds. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic dicoordinate phosphorus(I) compounds (1 and 2), formally a charge neutral triphosphenium ion or phosphanide, are shown to coordinate to a variety of late transition metals. The reaction of the phosphanide proligands with {Rh(COD)Cl}2 results in an equilibrium process that varies as a function of temperature or reaction stoichiometry. Palladium(II) compounds have a tendency to chlorinate the borate backbone while giving dimeric coordination compounds (1Pd) and also a decomposition product (3) where the P(I) atom was replaced. Both “lone pairs” of electrons on phosphorus are utilized simultaneously in the dominant product from the reaction of 1 and [PtMe2(μ-SMe2)]2, while each platinum center ortho-metallated a phenyl substituent on the flanking phosphorus atoms (1Pt). Stable, isolable, and fully characterized dimeric mercury complexes (1Hg and 2Hg) are produced nearly quantitatively from the reaction of the phosphanide proligand with HgCl2. All compounds described were structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction and represent a growing series of zwitterionic P(I) coordination compounds that cannot be isolated when a cationic triphosphenium ion is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Dube
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul D. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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