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Voltarelli VA, Alves de Souza RW, Miyauchi K, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051074. [PMID: 37237940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-protoporphyrin complex with an essential physiologic function for all cells, especially for those in which heme is a key prosthetic group of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes of the mitochondria. However, it is also known that heme can participate in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, leading to cytotoxicity in various tissues and organs such as the kidney, brain, heart, liver, and in immune cells. Indeed, heme, released as a result of tissue damage, can stimulate local and remote inflammatory reactions. These can initiate innate immune responses that, if left uncontrolled, can compound primary injuries and promote organ failure. In contrast, a cadre of heme receptors are arrayed on the plasma membrane that is designed either for heme import into the cell, or for the purpose of activating specific signaling pathways. Thus, free heme can serve either as a deleterious molecule, or one that can traffic and initiate highly specific cellular responses that are teleologically important for survival. Herein, we review heme metabolism and signaling pathways, including heme synthesis, degradation, and scavenging. We will focus on trauma and inflammatory diseases, including traumatic brain injury, trauma-related sepsis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases where current work suggests that heme may be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leo Edmond Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Santos PHS, Rodrigues LF, Improta-Caria AC, Voltarelli VA. Metabolic adaptations in McArdle's disease and its mechanisms. J Physiol 2023; 601:1051-1052. [PMID: 36760010 DOI: 10.1113/jp284118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sports of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Riani Costa LA, F Barreto R, de Leandrini SMM, Gurgel ARB, de Sales GT, Voltarelli VA, de Castro G, Fenton SAM, Turner JE, Klausener C, Neves LM, Ugrinowitsch C, Farah JC, Forjaz CLDM, Brito CMM, Brum PC. The influence of a supervised group exercise intervention combined with active lifestyle recommendations on breast cancer survivors' health, physical functioning, and quality of life indices: study protocol for a randomized and controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:934. [PMID: 34922621 PMCID: PMC8684206 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most cancer patients, under active treatment or not, are sedentary, despite increasing scientific and clinical understanding of the benefits of exercise and physical activity, such as improving quality of life, limiting disease symptoms, decreasing cancer recurrence, and increasing overall survival. Studies have shown that both supervised exercise and unsupervised physical activity programs have low adherence and limited long-term benefits among cancer survivors. Therefore, interventions focused on increasing physical activity levels have clinical and psychological relevance. The present study will examine the feasibility and efficacy of an intervention that combines supervised group exercise with active lifestyle recommendations, analyzing its clinical, psychological, physiological, functional, and immunological effects in breast cancer survivors. Methods Women aged 35–75 years who have completed chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for breast cancer will be recruited from the Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo (ICESP) and take part in a 16-week, parallel-group, randomized, and controlled trial. They will receive a booklet with recommendations for achieving a physically active lifestyle by increasing overall daily movement and undertaking at least 150 min/week of structured exercise. Then, they will be randomized into two groups: the supervised group will take part in two canoeing group exercise sessions every week, and the unsupervised group will increase their overall physical activity level by any means, such as active commuting, daily activities, or home-based exercise. Primary outcome includes aerobic capacity. Secondary outcomes are physical activity, physical functioning, self-reported quality of life, fatigue, presence of lymphedema, body composition, immune function, adherence to physical activity guidelines, and perceptions of self-image. Discussion Results should contribute to advance knowledge on the impact of a supervised group exercise intervention to improve aspects related to health, physical functioning, and quality of life in female breast cancer survivors. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Number: RBR-3fw9xf. Retrospectively Registered on 27 December 2018. Items from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set can be accessed on http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3fw9xf/. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05843-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Riani Costa
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael F Barreto
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Sarah Milani Moraes de Leandrini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Rachel Bezerra Gurgel
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Toledo de Sales
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, ICESP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sally A M Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Christian Klausener
- Centro de Práticas Esportivas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEPEUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Master's Program in Health Sciences at Santo Amaro University - UNISA, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo - USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Farah
- Centro de Práticas Esportivas da Universidade de Sao Paulo (CEPEUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes Forjaz
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Christina May Moran Brito
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, ICESP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biodinamica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65- Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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Pelozin BRA, Rodrigues LP, Arruda BFT, Voltarelli VA, Brum PC, Oliveira ED, Fernandes T. Aerobic exercise training prevents skeletal myopathy by myomiRs regulation in heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Heart failure (HF) is the endpoint of systemic arterial hypertension. Exercise intolerance is a common symptom, partly due, to changes in the skeletal muscle mass (SM) and fiber type profile. Otherwise, aerobic exercise training (ET) has been used as an important non-pharmacological therapy in HF. MyomiRs are a muscle-specific class of miRNAs, which regulate genes that inhibiting the expression of proteins in pathological and physiological conditions controlling phenotypic changes in the SM, however little is known about these changes in ET-induced HF
Purpose
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ET involved in the metabolic alterations of SM in HF rats of hypertensive etiology.
Methods
The study was approved by the animal ethics committee (USP-No. 2020/01). 20 male rats, spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and 10 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), SHR controls, nine-months-old, were divided into three groups: sedentary WKY (WKY-S), sedentary SHR (SHR-S), and trained (SHR-T). The ET consisted of swimming sessions with 60 minutes, 1x/day, 5x/week, for 10 weeks, with 5% of body overload. After ET protocol, blood pressure (BP), cardiac morphology and function (Echocardiography), exercise tolerance test, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), mitochondrial oxygen consumption (Oroboros), immunohistochemistry of the SM, expression of miRNAs (RT-qPCR) were evaluated. Statistical analyzes were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error.
Results
ET reduced blood pressure levels and cardiac dysfunction in SHR-T compared to SHR-S. The SHR-S group covered smaller distance in the exercise tolerance test (255±22 meters) compared to the WKY-S (419±19 meters, p<0.0001), however ET reestablished the exercise tolerance (SHR-T: 365±20 meters; SHR-S: p<0.001 and WKY-S: p>0.05). The HF induced changes in type I and II fibers composition (I: 73±0.6% and II: 24±0.9%), VO2 peak (50±1.5 mL kg–1 min–1), mitochondrial oxygen consumption (State 3: 3.0±0.2 nmol O2 min–1 mg protein–1) and myomiRs expression (miRNA-208b: 65±4%, -499: 73±5%, -1: 153±10%) in the soleus muscle of SHR-S compared to WKY-S (I: 94±0.6%, II: 6±0.6%, p<0.001; VO2 peak: 59±2.3 mL kg–1 min–1, p<0.01; State 3: 4.0±0.2 nmol O2 min–1 mg protein–1, p<0.05; miRNAs: p<0.01). ET minimized changes in metabolic profile by counteract the muscle fiber type switching, and the oxygen consumption impairment, and myomiRs expression dysregulation (I: 90±0.5%, II: 9±0.6%, SHR-S p<0.01; VO2 peak: 79±2.4 mL kg–1 min–1, SHR-S: p<0.0001; State 3: 5.45±0.32 nmol O2 min–1 mg protein–1, SHR-S: p<0.0001; miRNA-208b: 91±5%, -499: 106±8%, -1: 100±9%; SHR-S: p<0.01).
Conclusions
ET reestablished structural and metabolic changes in SM, resulting from the progression of HF, through the regulation of myomiRs, improving exercise tolerance.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES): Academic Excellence Program (Proex).
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Affiliation(s)
- B R A Pelozin
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L P Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - V A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E D Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Fernandes
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Azevedo Voltarelli V, Coronado M, Gonçalves Fernandes L, Cruz Campos J, Jannig PR, Batista Ferreira JC, Fajardo G, Chakur Brum P, Bernstein D. β 2-Adrenergic Signaling Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Morphology in Skeletal Muscle in Response to Aerobic Exercise. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010146. [PMID: 33450889 PMCID: PMC7828343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations induced by aerobic exercise (AE) are not fully understood. We have previously shown that AE induces mitochondrial adaptations in cardiac muscle, mediated by sympathetic stimulation. Since direct sympathetic innervation of neuromuscular junctions influences skeletal muscle homeostasis, we tested the hypothesis that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR)-mediated sympathetic activation induces mitochondrial adaptations to AE in skeletal muscle. Male FVB mice were subjected to a single bout of AE on a treadmill (80% Vmax, 60 min) under β2-AR blockade with ICI 118,551 (ICI) or vehicle, and parameters of mitochondrial function and morphology/dynamics were evaluated. An acute bout of AE significantly increased maximal mitochondrial respiration in tibialis anterior (TA) isolated fiber bundles, which was prevented by β2-AR blockade. This increased mitochondrial function after AE was accompanied by a change in mitochondrial morphology towards fusion, associated with increased Mfn1 protein expression and activity. β2-AR blockade fully prevented the increase in Mfn1 activity and reduced mitochondrial elongation. To determine the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial modulation by β2-AR activation in skeletal muscle during AE, we used C2C12 myotubes, treated with the non-selective β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) in the presence of the specific β2-AR antagonist ICI or during protein kinase A (PKA) and Gαi protein blockade. Our in vitro data show that β-AR activation significantly increases mitochondrial respiration in myotubes, and this response was dependent on β2-AR activation through a Gαs-PKA signaling cascade. In conclusion, we provide evidence for AE-induced β2-AR activation as a major mechanism leading to alterations in mitochondria function and morphology/dynamics. β2-AR signaling is thus a key-signaling pathway that contributes to skeletal muscle plasticity in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
| | - Michael Coronado
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Larissa Gonçalves Fernandes
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
| | - Juliane Cruz Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (J.C.C.); (J.C.B.F.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Jannig
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
| | - Julio Cesar Batista Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (J.C.C.); (J.C.B.F.)
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Patricia Chakur Brum
- Department of Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil; (V.A.V.); (L.G.F.); (P.R.J.)
- Correspondence: or (P.C.B.); (D.B.); Tel.: +55-11-30913136 (P.C.B.); Fax: +55-11-38135921 (P.C.B.)
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (M.C.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: or (P.C.B.); (D.B.); Tel.: +55-11-30913136 (P.C.B.); Fax: +55-11-38135921 (P.C.B.)
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Fernandes LG, Tobias GC, Paixão AO, Dourado PM, Voltarelli VA, Brum PC. Exercise training delays cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. Life Sci 2020; 260:118392. [PMID: 32898523 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the impact of cancer cachexia and previous aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiac function and structure in tumor bearing mice. MAIN METHODS Colon adenocarcinoma cells 26 (CT26) were subcutaneously injected in BALB/c mice to establish robust cancer cachexia model. AET was performed on a treadmill during 45 days, 60 min/5 days per week. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and cardiac morphology was assessed by light microscopy. The protein expression levels of mitochondrial complex were analyzed by Western blotting. The mRNA levels of genes related to cardiac remodeling and autophagy were analyzed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. KEY FINDINGS Our data confirms CT26 tumor bearing mice as a well-characterized and robust model of cancer cachexia. CT26 mice exhibited cardiac remodeling and dysfunction characterized by cardiac atrophy and impaired left ventricle ejection fraction paralleled by cardiac necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis. AET partially reversed the left ventricle ejection fraction and led to significant anti-cardiac remodeling effect associated reduced necrosis, inflammation and cardiac collagen deposition in CT26 mice. Reduced TGF-β1 mRNA levels, increased mitochondrial complex IV protein levels and partial recovery of BNIP3 mRNA levels in cardiac tissue were associated with the cardiac effects of AET in CT26 mice. Thus, we suggest AET as a powerful regulator of key pathways involved in cardiac tissue homeostasis in cancer cachexia. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides a robust model of cancer cachexia, as well as highlights the potential and integrative effects of AET as a preventive strategy for reducing cardiac damage in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Fernandes
- Department of Experimental Pathophysiology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Tobias
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A O Paixão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P M Dourado
- Heart Institute, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Tobias GC, Gomes JLP, Voltarelli VA. Exercise training and tumour progression: Younger, harder, better, faster and stronger. J Physiol 2019; 597:5751-5752. [PMID: 31612483 DOI: 10.1113/jp279017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Lucas P Gomes
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Vieira Junior RC, Silva CMS, Araújo MBD, Garcia A, Voltarelli VA, Reis Filho ADD, Voltarelli FA. Treinamento aeróbio de natação aumenta a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e o conteúdo de glicogênio no musculoesquelético de ratos. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922013000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Voltarelli VA, Bacurau AVN, Bechara LRG, Bueno CR, Bozi LHM, Mattos KC, Salemi VMC, Brum PC. Lack of β2-AR improves exercise capacity and skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype in mice. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 22:e125-32. [PMID: 22913394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)-AR) agonists have been used as ergogenics by athletes involved in training for strength and power in order to increase the muscle mass. Even though anabolic effects of β(2)-AR activation are highly recognized, less is known about the impact of β(2)-AR in endurance capacity. We presently used mice lacking β(2)-AR [β(2)-knockout (β(2) KO)] to investigate the role of β(2)-AR on exercise capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism and phenotype. β(2) KO mice and their wild-type controls (WT) were studied. Exercise tolerance, skeletal muscle fiber typing, capillary-to-fiber ratio, citrate synthase activity and glycogen content were evaluated. When compared with WT, β(2) KO mice displayed increased exercise capacity (61%) associated with higher percentage of oxidative fibers (21% and 129% of increase in soleus and plantaris muscles, respectively) and capillarity (31% and 20% of increase in soleus and plantaris muscles, respectively). In addition, β(2) KO mice presented increased skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity (10%) and succinate dehydrogenase staining. Likewise, glycogen content (53%) and periodic acid-Schiff staining (glycogen staining) were also increased in β(2) KO skeletal muscle. Altogether, these data provide evidence that disruption of β(2)-AR improves oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of β(2) KO mice and this is associated with increased exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Voltarelli FA, Gomes-Marcondes MCC, Voltarelli VA, Ribeiro C, de Alencar Mota CS, Stevanato E, de Mello MAR. Muscle Protein in Growing Rats Fed Spirulina as the Sole Dietary Protein Source. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000321891.00271.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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