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Chatzileontiadou DSM, Tsika AC, Diamantopoulou Z, Delbé J, Badet J, Courty J, Skamnaki VT, Parmenopoulou V, Komiotis D, Hayes JM, Spyroulias GA, Leonidas DD. Evidence for Novel Action at the Cell-Binding Site of Human Angiogenin Revealed by Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy, in silico and in vivo Studies. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:259-269. [PMID: 29314771 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A member of the ribonuclease A superfamily, human angiogenin (hAng) is a potent angiogenic factor. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy combined with induced-fit docking revealed a dual binding mode for the most antiangiogenic compound of a series of ribofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides that strongly inhibit hAng's angiogenic activity in vivo. While modeling suggests the potential for simultaneous binding of the inhibitors at the active and cell-binding sites, NMR studies indicate greater affinity for the cell-binding site than for the active site. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations at 100 ns confirmed the stability of binding at the cell-binding site with the predicted protein-ligand interactions, in excellent agreement with the NMR data. This is the first time that a nucleoside inhibitor is reported to completely inhibit the angiogenic activity of hAng in vivo by exerting dual inhibitory activity on hAng, blocking both the entrance of hAng into the cell and its ribonucleolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra S M Chatzileontiadou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.,Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Zoi Diamantopoulou
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Université Paris-EST Créteil, CNRS ERL 9215, France.,Current address: Cancer Research (UK) Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean Delbé
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Université Paris-EST Créteil, CNRS ERL 9215, France
| | - Josette Badet
- INSERM U1139, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - José Courty
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, la Réparation et la Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Université Paris-EST Créteil, CNRS ERL 9215, France
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vanessa Parmenopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Joseph M Hayes
- Centre for Materials Science and School of Physical Sciences & Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | | | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
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Parmenopoulou V, Manta S, Dimopoulou A, Kollatos N, Schols D, Komiotis D. Synthesis of novel N-acyl- β-d-glucopyranosylamines and ureas as potential lead cytostatic agents. Med Chem Res 2016; 25:932-940. [PMID: 32214768 PMCID: PMC7079967 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel classes of acetylated and fully deprotected N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamines and ureas have been synthesized and biologically evaluated. Acylation of the per-O-acetylated β-d-glucopyranosylurea (5), easily prepared via its corresponding phosphinimine derivative, by zinc chloride catalyzed reaction of the corresponding acyl chlorides RCOCl (a-f) gave the protected N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylureas (6a-f), in acceptable-to-moderate yields. Subsequent deacetylation of analogues 6a-f under Zemplén conditions afforded the fully deprotected derivatives 7a,b,d,e,f, while the desired urea 7c was formed after treatment of 6c with dibutyltin oxide. All protected and unprotected compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity in different L1210, CEM and HeLa tumor cell lines and were also evaluated against a broad panel of DΝΑ and RNA viruses. Derivative 7c exhibited cytostatic activity against the three evaluated tumor cell lines (IC50 9-24 μΜ) and might be the basis for the synthesis of structure-related derivatives with improved cytostatic potential. Only analogue 6f weakly but significantly inhibited the replication of parainfluenza-3 virus, Sindbis virus and Coxsackie virus B4 in cell cultures at concentrations of 45-58 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Parmenopoulou
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Stella Manta
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina Dimopoulou
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dominique Schols
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
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Dimopoulou A, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Gkizis P, Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Schols D, Komiotis D. Synthesis of novel thiopurine pyranonucleosides: evaluation of their bioactivity. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2015; 34:289-308. [PMID: 25774721 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2014.992532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of novel thiopurine pyranonucleosides. Direct coupling of silylated 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine with the appropriate pyranoses 1a-e via Vorbrüggen nucleosidation, gave the N-9 linked mercaptopurine 2a-e and thioguanine 4a-e nucleosides, while their N-7 substituted congeners 10a-e and 7a-e, were obtained through condensation of the same acetates with 6-chloro and 2-amino-6-chloropurines, followed by subsequent thionation. Nucleosides 3a-e, 5a-e, 8a-e, and 11a-e were evaluated for their cytostatic activity in three different tumor cell proliferative assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dimopoulou
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , University of Thessaly , Larissa , Greece
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Chatzileontiadou DSM, Parmenopoulou V, Manta S, Kantsadi AL, Kylindri P, Griniezaki M, Kontopoulou F, Telopoulou A, Prokova H, Panagopoulos D, Boix E, Balatsos NAA, Komiotis D, Leonidas DD. Triazole double-headed ribonucleosides as inhibitors of eosinophil derived neurotoxin. Bioorg Chem 2015; 63:152-65. [PMID: 26551065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN) is an eosinophil secretion protein and a member of the Ribonuclease A (RNase A) superfamily involved in the immune response system and inflammatory disorders. The pathological actions of EDN are strongly dependent on the enzymatic activity and therefore, it is of significant interest to discover potent and specific inhibitors of EDN. In this framework we have assessed the inhibitory potency of triazole double-headed ribonucleosides. We present here an efficient method for the heterologous production and purification of EDN together with the synthesis of nucleosides and their biochemical evaluation in RNase A and EDN. Two groups of double-headed nucleosides were synthesized by the attachment of a purine or a pyrimidine base, through a triazole group at the 3'-C position of a pyrimidine or a purine ribonucleoside, respectively. Based on previous data with mononucleosides these compounds were expected to improve the inhibitory potency for RNase A and specificity for EDN. Kinetics data revealed that despite the rational, all but one, double-headed ribonucleosides were less potent than the respective mononucleosides while they were also more specific for ribonuclease A than for EDN. Compound 11c (9-[3'-[4-[(cytosine-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-β-d-ribofuranosyl]adenine) displayed a stronger preference for EDN than for ribonuclease A and a Ki value of 58μM. This is the first time that an inhibitor is reported to have a better potency for EDN than for RNase A. The crystal structure of EDN-11c complex reveals the structural basis of its potency and selectivity providing important guidelines for future structure-based inhibitor design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Parmenopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Stella Manta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastassia L Kantsadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Paroula Kylindri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Marianna Griniezaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Filitsa Kontopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Telopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Helena Prokova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Panagopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos A A Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece.
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Kantsadi A, Parmenopoulou V, Bakalov D, Snelgrove L, Stravodimos G, Chatzileontiadou D, Manta S, Panagiotopoulou A, Hayes J, Komiotis D, Leonidas D. Glycogen Phosphorylase as a Target for Type 2 Diabetes: Synthetic, Biochemical, Structural and Computational Evaluation of Novel N-acyl-N´-( β-D-glucopyranosyl) Urea Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2015; 15:2373-89. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150619142253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dimopoulou A, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Kollatos N, Christidou O, Triantakonstanti VV, Schols D, Komiotis D. An easy microwave-assisted synthesis of C8-alkynyl adenine pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic antitumor agents. Front Chem 2015; 3:21. [PMID: 25853123 PMCID: PMC4369668 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of C8-alkynyl adenine pyranonucleosides 4, 5, and 8-phenylethynyl-adenine (II), via Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. Compounds 4e and II were less cytostatic than 5-fluorouracil (almost an order of magnitude) against murine leukemia (L1210) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells, while the same compounds proved to be more active than 5-fluorouracil against human lymphocyte (CEM) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dimopoulou
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Stella Manta
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Vanessa Parmenopoulou
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Ourania Christidou
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Virginia V Triantakonstanti
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
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Parmenopoulou V, Kantsadi AL, Tsirkone VG, Chatzileontiadou DS, Manta S, Zographos SE, Molfeta C, Archontis G, Agius L, Hayes JM, Leonidas DD, Komiotis D. Structure based inhibitor design targeting glycogen phosphorylase b. Virtual screening, synthesis, biochemical and biological assessment of novel N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4810-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Manta S, Kiritsis C, Dimopoulou A, Parmenopoulou V, Kollatos N, Tsotinis A, Komiotis D. Unsaturation: An Important Structural Feature to Nucleosides’ Antiviral Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/22113525113119990106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Kiritsis C, Dimopoulou A, Kollatos N, Papasotiriou I, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Stereocontrolled facile synthesis and biological evaluation of (3'S) and (3'R)-3'-amino (and Azido)-3'-deoxy pyranonucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2012; 31:522-35. [PMID: 22849646 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.696759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis of (3 'S) and (3 'R)-3 '-amino-3 '-deoxy pyranonucleosides and their precursors (3 'S) and (3 'R)-3 '-azido-3 '-deoxy pyranonucleosides. Azidation of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-toluenesulfonyl-α-D-allofuranose followed by hydrolysis and subsequent acetylation afforded 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranose, which upon coupling with the proper silylated bases, deacetylation, and catalytic hydrogenation, obtained the target 3 '-amino-3 '-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranonucleosides. The desired 1-(3 '-amino-3 '-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)5-fluorouracil was readily prepared from the suitable imidazylate sugar after azidation followed by a protection/deprotection sequence and reduction of the unprotected azido precursor. No antiviral activity was observed for the novel nucleosides. Moderate cytostatic activity was recorded for the 5-fluorouracil derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Manta
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Kiritsis C, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Dimopoulou A, Kollatos N, Papasotiriou I, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Stereocontrolled synthesis of 4′-C-cyano and 4′-C-cyano-4′-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Carbohydr Res 2012; 364:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kantsadi A, Manta S, Psarra AM, Dimopoulou A, Kiritsis C, Parmenopoulou V, Skamnaki V, Zoumpoulakis P, Zographos S, Leonidas D, Komiotis D. The binding of C5-alkynyl and alkylfurano[2,3-d]pyrimidine glucopyranonucleosides to glycogen phosphorylase b: Synthesis, biochemical and biological assessment. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:740-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kiritsis C, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Branched-chain C-cyano pyranonucleosides: synthesis of 3'-C-cyano & 3'-C-cyano-3'-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5668-74. [PMID: 21917363 PMCID: PMC7115479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the total and facile synthesis of 3′-C-cyano & 3′-C-cyano-3′-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides. Reaction of 3-keto glucoside 1 with sodium cyanide gave the desired precursor 3-C-cyano-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (2). Hydrolysis followed by acetylation led to the 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-3-C-cyano-D-glucopyranose (4). Compound 4 was condensed with silylated 5-fluorouracil, uracil, thymine and N4-benzoylcytosine, respectively and deacetylated to afford the target 1-(3′-C-cyano-β-D-glucopyranosyl)nucleosides 6a–d. Routine deoxygenation at position 3′ of cyanohydrin 2, followed by hydrolysis and acetylation led to the 3-C-cyano-3-deoxy-1,2,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-allopyranose (10). Coupling of sugar 10 with silylated pyrimidines and subsequent deacetylation yielded the target 1-(3′-C-cyano-3′-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)nucleosides 12a–d. The new analogues were evaluated for their antiviral and cytostatic activities. It was found that 6a was endowed with a pronounced anti-proliferative activity that was only 2- to 8-fold less potent than that shown for the parental base 5-fluorouracil. None of the compounds showed activity against a broad panel of DNA and RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Kiritsis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Zissimopoulos A, Stellos K, Matthaios D, Petrakis G, Parmenopoulou V, Babatsikou F, Matthaiou E, Theodosiadou E, Hountis P, Koutis C. Type I collagen biomarkers in the diagnosis of bone metastases in breast cancer, lung cancer, urinary bladder cancer and prostate cancer. Comparison to CEA, CA 15-3, PSA and bone scintigraphy. J BUON 2009; 14:463-472. [PMID: 19810140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study we evaluated the clinical usefulness of serum pro-I collagen peptide (PICP) and I collagen telopeptide (ICTP) as indicators of early bone metastases in patients with breast (BC), lung (LC), urinary bladder (UBC) and prostate cancer (PC). PATIENTS AND METHODS 305 patients were examined. 145 had histologically confirmed BC (92 with bone metastases), 20 UBC (6 with bone metastases), 11 LC (3 with bone metastases) and 129 PC (68 with bone metastases). In BC patients we compared the PICP and ICTP levels with those of CA 15-3, CEA and bone scintigraphy. Patients with LC and UBC had PICP and ICTP measurements, PC patients had serum PICP, prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements and bone scans. 104 healthy individuals served as controls. RESULTS ICTP and CA 15-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with BC and bone metastases in comparison to patients without metastases (p <0.05), while PICP and CEA were only marginally higher. Significant correlation was observed between existence of bone metastases and ICTP levels (p <0.05). The sensitivity of PICP, ICTP, CEA and CA 15-3 was 28.1, 48.6, 42, and 78%, respectively and specificity was 83.9, 94, 65 and 86%, respectively. ICTP and CA 15-3 were the most reliable markers for early diagnosis of bone metastases in BC. PICP alone or with ICTP were not sensitive enough. Only CA 15-3 showed sensitivity 78% and specificity 86%. When combined CA 15-3, ICTP and CEA the sensitivity and specificity increased to 82% and 96%, respectively. Furthermore, PICP and PSA levels were significantly higher in patients with PC and bone metastases in comparison to patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) (p <0.0001) or in patients with PC without bone metastases (p <0.0005 for PICP and p <0.0001 for PSA). The co-evaluation of PICP and PSA improved the sensitivity (78%), specificity (96%), accuracy (97%) and positive predictive value (97%). In LC patients, ICTP levels differed significantly between patients with and without bone metastases (p=0.025). In UBC patients, PICP levels differed significantly between patients with and without bone metastases (p=0.017). CONCLUSION ICTP and CA 15-3 are the most reliable markers for early diagnosis of bone metastases in BC patients. PICP could be useful for diagnosing early bone metastases of PC and combined with PSA and bone scan can be an additional tool in the follow-up of PC patients. For LC patients, ICTP showed a significant difference in the discrimination of patients with and without bone metastases. In UBC patients, PICP showed a significant difference in the discrimination of patients with and without bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zissimopoulos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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