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de Oliveira VS, Marins K, Mendes AKB, Zamoner A, Leite GAA, Silva FRMB. In vivo exposure to pyriproxyfen causes ovarian oxidative stress and inhibits follicle maturation in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 43:799-807. [PMID: 36542470 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of pyriproxyfen (PPF) on oxidative stress and ovarian morphology in zebrafish. PPF (10-9 M) exposure increased reactive oxygen species generation in ovaries, in association with a decrease in glutathione content. The activities of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were increased, while γ-glutamyltransferase activity was not altered by pesticide treatment. The histology of ovarian tissue showed an increase in the number of previtellogenic oocytes I, and a decrease in the rate of vitellogenic oocyte (VIT) count, suggesting inhibition of follicular maturation. An increase in the thickness of the vitelline envelope was observed in VIT, as was a tendency toward an increase in atresia in the ovary of the PPF-treated group. These findings indicate that the deleterious effect of PPF on ovarian maturation is mediated by a redox imbalance and oxidative damage. So, PPF acts as an endocrine disruptor chemical and may compromise fish reproduction by reducing female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Staldoni de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Bittecourt Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araujo Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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de Oliveira VS, Castro AJG, Cesconetto PA, de Souza AZP, Júnior JJB, de Oliveira Nuñer AP, Soares CHL, Van Der Kraak G, Silva FRMB. Triterpene betulin may be involved in the acute effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on testis physiology in zebrafish. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105147. [PMID: 33722738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulp and paper mill effluent can cause changes in the morphology and energy metabolism in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) testis. Betulin, a naturally occurring triterpene is commonly present in this type of effluent and is suspected of being involved in these effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects pulp and paper mill effluent and betulin on various aspects of testicular physiology in the zebrafish. This included the in vitro effects of effluent and betulin on testicular lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In addition, the effects of betulin on glucose uptake, glycogen, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation and oxidative damage in the testes were determined. Furthermore, we compared the effects and mechanism of action of betulin and effluent on calcium homeostasis in testes. In vitro exposure to both effluent and betulin decreased lactate and calcium influx, possibly due to the activation of the sodium‑calcium exchanger (NCX) pump. Additionally, betulin-treated testes had higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as increased glutathione transferase (GST) activity and a tendency towards decreased catalase (CAT) activity. Thus, this study shows that alterations in testis physiology caused by the pulp and paper mill effluent in the testis may be due in part to the actions of betulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Staldoni de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Acordi Cesconetto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner Pacheco de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Pires de Oliveira Nuñer
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Lemos Soares
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Staldoni de Oliveira V, Gomes Castro AJ, Marins K, Bittencourt Mendes AK, Araújo Leite GA, Zamoner A, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Pyriproxyfen induces intracellular calcium overload and alters antioxidant defenses in Danio rerio testis that may influence ongoing spermatogenesis. Environ Pollut 2021; 270:116055. [PMID: 33272804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro effects of pyriproxyfen on ionic balance in the testis of the zebrafish by measuring 45Ca2+ influx. In vivo pyriproxyfen treatment was carried out to study oxidative stress, and conduct morphological analysis of the testis and liver. Whole testes were incubated in vitro with/without pyriproxyfen (10-12, 10-9 or 10-6 M; 30 min) and 45Ca2+ influx determined. To study pyriproxyfen's mechanism of action, inhibitors/activators of ionic channels or pumps/exchangers, protein kinase inhibitors or a calcium chelator were added 15 min before the addition of 45Ca2+ and pyriproxyfen. We evaluated the in vivo effects of 7 day exposure to waterborne pyriproxyfen (10-9 M) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Morphological analyses of the testis and liver were carried out after in vivo exposure of D. rerio to pyriproxyfen. Pyriproxyfen increased 45Ca2+ influx by opening the voltage-dependent T-type channels (T-type VDCC), inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum 45Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and the NCX exchanger (forward mode) and by mobilizing calcium from stores. The involvement of potassium channels and protein kinase C (PKC) was also demonstrated in pyriproxyfen-induced intracellular calcium elevation. In vivo pyriproxyfen treatment of D. rerio increased lipid peroxidation, decreased GSH content and increased GST activity in testes, in addition to increasing the number and size of spermatogonia cysts and inducing hepatocyte basophilia and dilation of blood vessels in the liver. The toxicity of pyriproxyfen is mediated by calcium overload, increased lipid peroxidation, and a diminished antioxidant capacity in the testis, due to GSH depletion, and altered spermatogenesis. The development of high basophilia in the liver suggests that pyriproxyfen may have estrogenic activity, possibly acting as an endocrine-disruptor. These findings indicate that these alterations may contribute to pyriproxyfen toxicity and spermatogenesis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Staldoni de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Bittencourt Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- University of Guelph, Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph, ON, Canada
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de Oliveira VS, Castro AJG, Domingues JT, de Souza AZP, Scheffer DDL, Latini A, Soares CHL, Van Der Kraak G, Silva FRMB. A Brazilian pulp and paper mill effluent disrupts energy metabolism in immature rat testis and alters Sertoli cell secretion and mitochondrial activity. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20190116. [PMID: 32714452 PMCID: PMC7375872 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate whether the pulp and paper mill industry effluent could affect the testis and Sertoli cells in a fast exposure period. For this, the present study was carried out in immature rats at 10-day-old. Testis treated in vitro with 4% effluent for 1 h presented changes in energy metabolism in terms of a decrease in lactate content and glucose uptake. Elevation in GSH content, as an antioxidant defense mechanism, was also detected. Sertoli cells treated with 4% effluent for 1 hour showed alterations in the mitochondrial metabolism that favor the decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and the generation of oxygen reactive species and also a time and concentration-dependent delay secretion of acidic vesicles. Our results showed that pollutants present in the pulp and paper mill effluents, in a short time of exposure, are capable of inducing alterations in important metabolic functions in the testis and in Sertoli cells that are crucial for the correct progression of spermatogenesis and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | | | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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