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Wei D, Marrachelli VG, Melgarejo JD, Liao CT, Janssens S, Verhamme P, Vanassche T, Van Aelst L, Monleon D, Redón J, Zhang ZY. Lipoprotein profiles of fat distribution and its association with insulin sensitivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:978745. [PMID: 36387872 PMCID: PMC9640977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.978745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat deposition is associated with adverse outcomes. Waist-to-hip (WHR) ratio is a simple feasible index to assess fat distribution. Lipoprotein particle composition in relation to WHR and to what extent their association is mediated by insulin sensitivity are less investigated. METHODS In 504 randomly recruited Flemish (mean age: 48.9 years; women: 51.6%), we analyzed the lipoprotein particle constitutions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. WHR obesity described a WHR of ≥ 0.85 for women or 0.9 for men. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). SCORE-2 risk algorithm was applied to estimate 10-year cardiovascular risk. Statistical methods included multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis, logistic regression analysis, and mediation analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of WHR obesity was 54.6%, approximately 3 times of BMI-determined obesity (19.1%). Individuals with WHR obesity had significantly higher metabolic complications, such as hypertension (57.1%), dyslipidemia (61.8%), and insulin resistance (14.2%). WHR and WHR obesity were positively associated with total very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentration, remnant cholesterol, and triglycerides, but were negatively associated with VLDL particle size (P ≤ 0.027), independent of body mass index and other covariates. WHR was inversely associated with total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration, whereas WHR obesity was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (P ≤ 0.039). Neither WHR nor WHR obesity was associated with the concentration of total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, LDL particle size, and LDL cholesterol (P ≥ 0.089). In the mediation analysis, insulin sensitivity significantly mediated the effect of WHR on total VLDL particle concentration (mediation percentage: 37.0%), remnant cholesterol (47.7%), and HDL cholesterol (41.1%). Individuals with WHR obesity were at increased cardiovascular risk, regardless of LDL cholesterol (P ≤0.028). In WHR obesity, higher total VLDL particle concent36ration and remnant cholesterol, and lower HDL cholesterol were associated with an increased cardiovascular risk (P≤ 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Upper-body fat deposition was independently associated with an unfavorable lipoprotein profile, and insulin sensitivity significantly mediated this association. LDL cholesterol might underestimate lipid abnormality for people with upper-body obesity and lowering VLDL particles and remnant cholesterol might potentially reduce the residual cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wei
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vannina González Marrachelli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesus D. Melgarejo
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chia-Te Liao
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Van Aelst
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Monleon
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Redón
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Yu Zhang,
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Castelló-Ruiz M, Torregrosa G, Burguete MC, Salom JB, Gil JV, Miranda FJ, Jover-Mengual T, Marrachelli VG, Alborch E. Soy-derived phytoestrogens as preventive and acute neuroprotectors in experimental ischemic stroke: influence of rat strain. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:513-5. [PMID: 21420287 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a soy-based high-phytoestrogen diet (nutritional intervention) or genistein (pharmacological intervention), to limit ischemic brain damage in Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, has been assessed. As to the nutritional intervention, two groups from each strain received either a phytoestrogen-free (PE-0) or a high-phytoestrogen (PE-600) diet from weaning to adulthood. As to the pharmacological intervention, all animals were fed the standard soy-free AIN-93G diet and subsequently separated into two groups from each strain to receive either pure genistein (aglycone form, 1mg/kg/day intraperitoneal) or vehicle at 30 min reperfusion. After an episode of 90 min ischemia (intraluminal thread procedure) followed by 3 days reperfusion, cerebral infarct volume was measured. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) was significantly higher at the basal stage (just before ischemia) in SHR (140 ± 7 mmHg, n=17, p<0.05) than in Wistar (113 ± 4mmHg, n=23) and WKY (111 ± 6mmHg, n=14) rats. No significant differences were shown among the three stages (basal, ischemia, reperfusion) within each rat strain for both PE-0 and PE-600 diets. Wistar, but not WKY or SHR, rats fed the PE-600 diet showed significantly lower infarct volumes than their counterparts fed the PE-0 diet (30 ± 3% vs. 17 ± 3%, p<0.01). Genistein-treated Wistar, but not WKY or SHR, rats showed significantly lower infarct volumes than their vehicle-treated controls (27 ± 2% vs. 15 ± 2%, p<0.01). Our results demonstrate that: (1) the neuroprotective action of either chronic or acute exposure to soy isoflavones is strain-dependent, since it was shown in Wistar but not WKY or SHR rats; and (2) the soy-based diet does not prevent development of hypertension in SHR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castelló-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Ave. Campanar 21, 46009-Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Ave. Blasco Ibánez 15, 46010-Valencia, Spain
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