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Zogali V, Kiousis D, Voutyra S, Kalyva G, Abdul Mahid MB, Bist P, Ki Chan KW, Vasudevan SG, Rassias G. Carbazole to indolazepinone scaffold morphing leads to potent cell-active dengue antivirals. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116213. [PMID: 38382389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
According to WHO, dengue virus is classed among major threats for future pandemics and remains at large an unmet medical need as there are currently no relevant antiviral drugs whereas vaccine developments have met with safety concerns, mostly due to secondary infections caused by antibody-dependant-enhancement in cross infections among the four dengue serotypes. This adds extra complexity in dengue antiviral research and has impeded the progress in this field. Following through our previous effort which born the allosteric, dual-mode inhibitor SP-471P (a carbazole derivative, EC50 1.1 μM, CC50 100 μM) we performed further optimisation while preserving the two arylamidoxime arms and the bromoaryl domain present in SP-471P. Examination of the relative positions of these functionalities within this three-point pharmacophore ultimately led us to an indolazepinone scaffold and our lead compound SP-1769B. SP-1769B is among the most cell-efficacious against all serotypes (DENV2/3 EC50 100 nM, DENV1/4 EC50 0.95-1.25 μM) and safest (CC50 > 100 μM) anti-dengue compounds in the literature that also completely inhibits a secondary ADE-driven infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zogali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece
| | | | - Stefania Voutyra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece
| | - Georgia Kalyva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece
| | | | - Pradeep Bist
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4222, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore
| | - Gerasimos Rassias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece.
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Rassias G, Zogali V, Swarbrick CMD, Ki Chan KW, Chan SA, Gwee CP, Wang S, Kaplanai E, Canko A, Kiousis D, Lescar J, Luo D, Matsoukas MT, Vasudevan SG. Cell-active carbazole derivatives as inhibitors of the zika virus protease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:536-545. [PMID: 31344613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection recently resulted in an international health emergency the Americas in and despite its high profile there is currently no approved treatment for ZIKV infection with millions of people being at risk. ZIKV is a member of Flaviviridae family which includes prominent members such as dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV). One of the best validated targets for developing anti-flaviviral treatment for DENV and WNV infection is the NS2B/NS3 protease. However the inhibitors reported to date have shown limited promise for further clinical development largely due to poor cellular activity. Prompted by the conserved nature of the viral NS2B/NS3 protease across flaviviruses, we envisaged that small molecule inhibitors of the ZIKVpro may be developed by applying rational design on previously reported scaffolds with demonstrated activity against other flaviviral proteases. Starting with an earlier WNVpro hit we performed a scaffold hopping exercise and discovered that certain carbazole derivatives bearing amidine groups possessed submicromolar potency and significant cellular activity against ZIKV. We successfully addressed various issues with the synthesis of novel N-substituted carbazole-based amidines thus permitting a targeted SAR campaign. The in vitro biochemical and cell-based inhibitory profiles exhibited by the lead molecule described in this work (ZIKVpro IC50 0.52 μM, EC50 1.25 μM), is among the best reported to date. Furthermore, these molecules possess capacity for further optimization of pharmacokinetics and may evolve to broad spectrum flaviviral protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Rassias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Zogali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece
| | - Crystall M D Swarbrick
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia
| | - Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Shu Ann Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Chin Piaw Gwee
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Sai Wang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Entzy Kaplanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece
| | - Aleksander Canko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patra, 26504, Greece
| | | | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore.
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