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Lacoma A, Cano V, Moranta D, Regueiro V, Domínguez-Villanueva D, Laabei M, González-Nicolau M, Ausina V, Prat C, Bengoechea JA. Investigating intracellular persistence of Staphylococcus aureus within a murine alveolar macrophage cell line. Virulence 2017; 8:1761-1775. [PMID: 28762868 PMCID: PMC5810471 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1361089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is a particularly difficult pathogen to eradicate from the respiratory tract. Previous studies have highlighted the intracellular capacity of S.aureus in several phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. The aim of this study was to define S.aureus interaction within a murine alveolar macrophage cell line. Methods: Cell line MH-S was infected with Newman strain. Molecular mechanisms involved in phagocytosis were explored. To assess whether S.aureus survives intracellularly quantitative (gentamicin protection assays and bacterial plating) and qualitative analysis (immunofluorescence microscopy) were performed. Bacterial colocalization with different markers of the endocytic pathway was examined to characterize its intracellular trafficking. Results: We found that S.aureus uptake requires host actin polymerization, microtubule assembly and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. Time course experiments showed that Newman strain was able to persist within macrophages at least until 28.5 h post infection. We observed that intracellular bacteria are located inside an acidic subcellular compartment, which co-localizes with the late endosome/lysosome markers Lamp-1, Rab7 and RILP. Colocalization counts with TMR-dextran might reflect a balance between bacterial killing and intracellular survival. Conclusions: This study indicates that S.aureus persists and replicates inside murine alveolar macrophages, representing a privileged niche that can potentially offer protection from antimicrobial activity and immunological host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lacoma
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - V Cano
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - D Moranta
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - V Regueiro
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - D Domínguez-Villanueva
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain
| | - M Laabei
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain
| | - M González-Nicolau
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain
| | - V Ausina
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - C Prat
- a Servei de Microbiologia , Hospital Universitari "Germans Trias i Pujol," Institut en Ciències de la Salut "Germans Trias i Pujol," Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Badalona , Spain.,b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - J A Bengoechea
- b CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Laboratory "Infection and Immunity," Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa) , Palma , Spain.,d Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Madrid , Spain.,e Centre for Experimental Medicine , Queen's University Belfast , UK
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Martínez I, Oliveros JC, Cuesta I, de la Barrera J, Ausina V, Casals C, de Lorenzo A, García E, García-Fojeda B, Garmendia J, González-Nicolau M, Lacoma A, Menéndez M, Moranta D, Nieto A, Ortín J, Pérez-González A, Prat C, Ramos-Sevillano E, Regueiro V, Rodriguez-Frandsen A, Solís D, Yuste J, Bengoechea JA, Melero JA. Apoptosis, Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like Receptors Are Pathways Jointly Induced by Diverse Respiratory Bacterial and Viral Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:276. [PMID: 28298903 PMCID: PMC5331050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections are among the top five leading causes of human death. Fighting these infections is therefore a world health priority. Searching for induced alterations in host gene expression shared by several relevant respiratory pathogens represents an alternative to identify new targets for wide-range host-oriented therapeutics. With this aim, alveolar macrophages were independently infected with three unrelated bacterial (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two dissimilar viral (respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus) respiratory pathogens, all of them highly relevant for human health. Cells were also activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a prototypical pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Patterns of differentially expressed cellular genes shared by the indicated pathogens were searched by microarray analysis. Most of the commonly up-regulated host genes were related to the innate immune response and/or apoptosis, with Toll-like, RIG-I-like and NOD-like receptors among the top 10 signaling pathways with over-expressed genes. These results identify new potential broad-spectrum targets to fight the important human infections caused by the bacteria and viruses studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Cuesta
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge de la Barrera
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Ausina
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Institut d' Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alba de Lorenzo
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-GobNavarra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Mar González-Nicolau
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Institut d' Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - David Moranta
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ortín
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez-González
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Institut d' Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Ramos-Sevillano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Regueiro
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Ariel Rodriguez-Frandsen
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - José Yuste
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - José A Bengoechea
- Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de PalmaPalma, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - José A Melero
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
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Cano V, March C, Insua JL, Aguiló N, Llobet E, Moranta D, Regueiro V, Brennan GP, Millán-Lou MI, Martín C, Garmendia J, Bengoechea JA. Klebsiella pneumoniaesurvives within macrophages by avoiding delivery to lysosomes. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1537-60. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cano
- Laboratory Infection and Immunity; Fundació d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (FISIB); Bunyola Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
| | - Catalina March
- Laboratory Infection and Immunity; Fundació d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (FISIB); Bunyola Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
| | - Jose Luis Insua
- Centre for Infection and Immunity; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Enrique Llobet
- Laboratory Infection and Immunity; Fundació d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (FISIB); Bunyola Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa); Palma Spain
| | - David Moranta
- Laboratory Infection and Immunity; Fundació d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (FISIB); Bunyola Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa); Palma Spain
| | - Verónica Regueiro
- Laboratory Infection and Immunity; Fundació d'Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (FISIB); Bunyola Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària de Palma (IdISPa); Palma Spain
| | - Gerard P. Brennan
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - Maria Isabel Millán-Lou
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública; Universidad de Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Bunyola Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología; CSIC - Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra; Mutilva Spain
| | - José A. Bengoechea
- Centre for Infection and Immunity; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Madrid Spain
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Tomás A, Lery L, Regueiro V, Pérez-Gutiérrez C, Martínez V, Moranta D, Llobet E, González-Nicolau M, Insua JL, Tomas JM, Sansonetti PJ, Tournebize R, Bengoechea JA. Functional Genomic Screen Identifies Klebsiella pneumoniae Factors Implicated in Blocking Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16678-97. [PMID: 25971969 PMCID: PMC4505419 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an etiologic agent of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. It has been shown that K. pneumoniae infections are characterized by reduced early inflammatory response. Recently our group has shown that K. pneumoniae dampens the activation of inflammatory responses by antagonizing the activation of the NF-κB canonical pathway. Our results revealed that K. pneumoniae capsule polysaccharide (CPS) was necessary but not sufficient to attenuate inflammation. To identify additional Klebsiella factors required to dampen inflammation, we standardized and applied a high-throughput gain-of-function screen to examine a Klebsiella transposon mutant library. We identified 114 mutants that triggered the activation of NF-κB. Two gene ontology categories accounted for half of the loci identified in the screening: metabolism and transport genes (32% of the mutants) and envelope-related genes (17%). Characterization of the mutants revealed that the lack of the enterobactin siderophore was linked to a reduced CPS expression, which in turn underlined the NF-κB activation induced by the mutant. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide and the pullulanase (PulA) type 2 secretion system (T2SS) are required for full effectiveness of the immune evasion. Importantly, these factors do not play a redundant role. The fact that LPS O-polysaccharide and T2SS mutant-induced responses were dependent on TLR2-TLR4-MyD88 activation suggested that LPS O-polysaccharide and PulA perturbed Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent recognition of K. pneumoniae. Finally, we demonstrate that LPS O-polysaccharide and pulA mutants are attenuated in the pneumonia mouse model. We propose that LPS O-polysaccharide and PulA T2SS could be new targets for the design of new antimicrobials. Increasing TLR-governed defense responses might provide also selective alternatives for the management of K. pneumoniae pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tomás
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), 07110 Mallorca, Spain, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), 07120 Mallorca, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Lery
- the Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France, INSERM U786, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Verónica Regueiro
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), 07110 Mallorca, Spain, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), 07120 Mallorca, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Camino Pérez-Gutiérrez
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), 07110 Mallorca, Spain, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), 07120 Mallorca, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Martínez
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), 07110 Mallorca, Spain, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), 07120 Mallorca, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Moranta
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), 07110 Mallorca, Spain, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), 07120 Mallorca, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Llobet
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), 07110 Mallorca, Spain, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), 07120 Mallorca, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar González-Nicolau
- From the Infection and Immunity Program, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB), 07110 Mallorca, Spain, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdisPa), 07120 Mallorca, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Insua
- the Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Juan M Tomas
- the Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- the Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France, INSERM U786, 75724 Paris, France, Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Régis Tournebize
- the Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France, INSERM U786, 75724 Paris, France, Imagopole, Plateforme d'Imagerie Dynamique, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France, and
| | - José A Bengoechea
- the Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom, the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28008 Madrid, Spain
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March C, Moranta D, Regueiro V, Llobet E, Tomás A, Garmendia J, Bengoechea JA. Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane protein A is required to prevent the activation of airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9956-67. [PMID: 21278256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.181008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a class of proteins highly conserved among the Enterobacteriaceae family and throughout evolution. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a capsulated gram-negative pathogen. It is an important cause of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Evidence indicates that K. pneumoniae infections are characterized by a lack of an early inflammatory response. Data from our laboratory indicate that K. pneumoniae CPS helps to suppress the host inflammatory response. However, it is unknown whether K. pneumoniae employs additional factors to modulate host inflammatory responses. Here, we report that K. pneumoniae OmpA is important for immune evasion in vitro and in vivo. Infection of A549 and normal human bronchial cells with 52OmpA2, an ompA mutant, increased the levels of IL-8. 52145-Δwca(K2)ompA, which does not express CPS and ompA, induced the highest levels of IL-8. Both mutants could be complemented. In vivo, 52OmpA2 induced higher levels of tnfα, kc, and il6 than the wild type. ompA mutants activated NF-κB, and the phosphorylation of p38, p44/42, and JNK MAPKs and IL-8 induction was via NF-κB-dependent and p38- and p44/42-dependent pathways. 52OmpA2 engaged TLR2 and -4 to activate NF-κB, whereas 52145-Δwca(K2)ompA activated not only TLR2 and TLR4 but also NOD1. Finally, we demonstrate that the ompA mutant is attenuated in the pneumonia mouse model. The results of this study indicate that K. pneumoniae OmpA contributes to attenuate airway cell responses. This may facilitate pathogen survival in the hostile environment of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina March
- Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Recinto Hospital Joan March, Carretera Soller Km 12, 07110 Bunyola, Spain
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Pérez-Bárcena J, Crespí C, Regueiro V, Marsé P, Raurich JM, Ibáñez J, García de Lorenzo-Mateos A, Bengoechea JA. Lack of effect of glutamine administration to boost the innate immune system response in trauma patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care 2010; 14:R233. [PMID: 21184675 PMCID: PMC3219991 DOI: 10.1186/cc9388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The use of glutamine as a dietary supplement is associated with a reduced risk of infection. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanism could be an increase in the expression and/or functionality of Toll-like receptors (TLR), key receptors sensing infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether glutamine supplementation alters the expression and functionality of TLR2 and TLR4 in circulating monocytes of trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods We designed a prospective, randomized and single-blind study. Twenty-three patients received parenteral nutrition (TPN) with a daily glutamine supplement of 0.35 g/kg. The control group (20 patients) received an isocaloric-isonitrogenated TPN. Blood samples were extracted before treatment, at 6 and 14 days. Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was determined by flow cytometry. Monocytes were stimulated with TLR specific agonists and cytokines were measured in cell culture supernatants. Phagocytic ability of monocytes was also determined. Results Basal characteristics were similar in both groups. Monocytes from patients treated with glutamine expressed the same TLR2 levels as controls before treatment (4.9 ± 3.5 rmfi vs. 4.3 ± 1.9 rmfi, respectively; P = 0.9), at Day 6 (3.8 ± 2.3 rmfi vs. 4.0 ± 1.7 rmfi, respectively; P = 0.7) and at Day 14 (4.1 ± 2.1 rfim vs. 4.6 ± 1.9 rmfi, respectively; P = 0.08). TLR4 levels were not significantly different between the groups before treatment: (1.1 ± 1 rmfi vs 0.9 ± 0.1 rmfi respectively; P = 0.9), at Day 6 (1.1 ± 1 rmfi vs. 0.7 ± 0.4 rmfi respectively; P = 0.1) and at Day 14 (1.4 ± 1.9 rmfi vs. 1.0 ± 0.6 rmfi respectively; P = 0.8). No differences in cell responses to TLR agonists were found between groups. TLR functionality studied by phagocytosis did not vary between groups. Conclusions In trauma patients in the intensive care unit, TPN supplemented with glutamine does not improve the expression or the functionality of TLRs in peripheral blood monocytes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01250080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Pérez-Bárcena
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Son Dureta University Hospital, Andrea Doria 55, 07014, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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7
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Regueiro V, Moranta D, Frank CG, Larrarte E, Margareto J, March C, Garmendia J, Bengoechea JA. Klebsiella pneumoniae subverts the activation of inflammatory responses in a NOD1-dependent manner. Cell Microbiol 2010; 13:135-53. [PMID: 20846183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Subversion of inflammation is essential for pathogen survival during infection. Evidence indicates that K. pneumoniae infections are characterized by lacking an early inflammatory response although the molecular bases are currently unknown. Here we unveil a novel strategy employed by a pathogen to counteract the activation of inflammatory responses. K. pneumoniae attenuates pro-inflammatory mediators-induced IL-8 secretion. Klebsiella antagonizes the activation of NF-κB via the deubiquitinase CYLD and blocks the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) via the MAPK phosphatase MKP-1. Our studies demonstrate that K. pneumoniae has evolved the capacity to manipulate host systems dedicated to control the immune balance. To exert this anti-inflammatory effect, Klebsiella engages NOD1. In NOD1 knock-down cells, Klebsiella neither induces the expression of CYLD and MKP-1 nor blocks the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Klebsiella inhibits Rac1 activation; and inhibition of Rac1 activity triggers a NOD1-mediated CYLD and MKP-1 expression which in turn attenuates IL-1β-induced IL-8 secretion. A capsule (CPS) mutant does not attenuate the inflammatory response. However, purified CPS neither reduces IL-1β-induced IL-8 secretion nor induces the expression of CYLD and MKP-1 thereby indicating that CPS is necessary but not sufficient to attenuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Regueiro
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
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8
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Morey P, Cano V, Martí-Lliteras P, López-Gómez A, Regueiro V, Saus C, Bengoechea JA, Garmendia J. Evidence for a non-replicative intracellular stage of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in epithelial cells. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 157:234-250. [PMID: 20929955 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.040451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative, non-capsulated human bacterial pathogen, a major cause of a repertoire of respiratory infections, and intimately associated with persistent lung bacterial colonization in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite its medical relevance, relatively little is known about its mechanisms of pathogenicity. In this study, we found that NTHi invades the airway epithelium by a distinct mechanism, requiring microtubule assembly, lipid rafts integrity, and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. We found that the majority of intracellular bacteria are located inside an acidic subcellular compartment, in a metabolically active and non-proliferative state. This NTHi-containing vacuole (NTHi-CV) is endowed with late endosome features, co-localizing with LysoTracker, lamp-1, lamp-2, CD63 and Rab7. The NTHi-CV does not acquire Golgi- or autophagy-related markers. These observations were extended to immortalized and primary human airway epithelial cells. By using NTHi clinical isolates expressing different amounts of phosphocholine (PCho), a major modification of NTHi lipooligosaccharide, on their surfaces, and an isogenic lic1BC mutant strain lacking PCho, we showed that PCho is not responsible for NTHi intracellular location. In sum, this study indicates that NTHi can survive inside airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Morey
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain.,Programa de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA, recinto Hospital Joan March, carretera Sóller, km 12, 07110, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain.,Programa de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA, recinto Hospital Joan March, carretera Sóller, km 12, 07110, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Pau Martí-Lliteras
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain.,Programa de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA, recinto Hospital Joan March, carretera Sóller, km 12, 07110, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain.,Programa de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA, recinto Hospital Joan March, carretera Sóller, km 12, 07110, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Verónica Regueiro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain.,Programa de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA, recinto Hospital Joan March, carretera Sóller, km 12, 07110, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Carles Saus
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Antonio Bengoechea
- Área Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat Illes Balears, carretera Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma Mallorca, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain.,Programa de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA, recinto Hospital Joan March, carretera Sóller, km 12, 07110, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Programa de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación Caubet-CIMERA, recinto Hospital Joan March, carretera Sóller, km 12, 07110, Bunyola, Spain.,Instituto Agrobiotecnología (UPNA-CSIC), Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Navarra, Spain.,Área Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat Illes Balears, carretera Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma Mallorca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain
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9
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March C, Regueiro V, Llobet E, Moranta D, Morey P, Garmendia J, Bengoechea JA. Dissection of host cell signal transduction during Acinetobacter baumannii-triggered inflammatory response. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10033. [PMID: 20383325 PMCID: PMC2850920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infected airway epithelial cells up-regulate the expression of chemokines, chiefly IL-8, and antimicrobial molecules including β-defensins (BD). Acinetobacter baumannii is a cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. We examined whether A. baumannii induced the expressions of IL-8 and BD2 by airway epithelial cells and the receptors implicated in bacterial detection. A549 and human primary airway cells released IL-8 upon infection. A. baumannii-infected cells also increased the expression of BD2 which killed A. baummannii strains. IL-8 induction was via NF-κB and mitogen-activated kinases p38 and p44/42-dependent pathways. A. baumannii engaged Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 pathways and A549 cells could use soluble CD14 as TLRs co-receptor. A. baumannii lipopolysaccharide stimulated IL-8 release by A549 cells and sCD14 facilitated the recognition of the lipopolysaccharide. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that A. baumannii lipid A structure matches those with endotoxic potential. These results demonstrate that airway epithelial cells produce mediators important for A. baumannii clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina March
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Area Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Verónica Regueiro
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Area Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Enrique Llobet
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Area Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - David Moranta
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Area Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Pau Morey
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Area Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Area Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José A. Bengoechea
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Area Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad Biología, Universitat Illes Balears, Palma Mallorca, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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10
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Regueiro V, Campos MA, Morey P, Sauleda J, Agustí AGN, Garmendia J, Bengoechea JA. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and CD14 are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers. Eur Respir J 2008; 33:273-81. [PMID: 19010986 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00087708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and CD14 contribute to the recognition of pathogens by cells, which triggers the activation of defence responses. Smoking is a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory infections. The current authors theorised that levels of LBP and CD14 in the lungs of smokers would be higher than those in the lungs of never-smokers. These elevated levels could affect host responses upon infection. LBP, soluble CD14 (sCD14) and interleukin (IL)-8 were detected by ELISA. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, p38 and the inhibitor IkappaBalpha were studied by immunoassays. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Bronchoalveolar lavage levels of LBP and CD14 were significantly higher in smokers and COPD patients than in never-smokers, whereas levels of both proteins were not significantly different between smokers and COPD patients. IL-6, IL-1beta and cigarette smoke condensate induced the expression of LBP and CD14 by airway epithelial cells. LBP and sCD14 inhibited the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)-dependent secretion of IL-8 and the activation of NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways but they increased the internalisation of NTHi by airway epithelial cells. Thus, in the inflamed airways of smokers both proteins could contribute to inhibit bacteria-dependent cellular activation without compromising the internalisation of pathogens by airway cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Regueiro
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Recinto Hospital Joan March, Carretera Sóller Km 12, 07110 Bunyola, Spain
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11
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Pérez-Bárcena J, Regueiro V, Marsé P, Raurich JM, Rodríguez A, Ibáñez J, de Lorenzo Mateos AG, Bengoechea JA. Glutamine as a modulator of the immune system of critical care patients: effect on Toll-like receptor expression. A preliminary study. Nutrition 2008; 24:522-7. [PMID: 18367379 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR-2 and TLR-4) in circulating monocytes from peripheral blood of critical care patients treated with and without glutamine. Because no research has been published to date on the effect of glutamine on TLR receptors in critical patients, it was determined in an initial sample of 30 patients. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, single-blind study with 15 patients assigned to receive parenteral nutrition with a daily glutamine supplement of 0.35 g/kg. The control group received isocaloric-isonitrogenous parenteral nutrition. Blood samples were extracted before beginning the treatment and at 5 and 14 d. Expressions of CD14, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were determined by flow cytometry. Levels of TLRs were expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (mfi). RESULTS Basal characteristics were similar in both groups. The expressions of TLR-2 in the treatment group with glutamine were 4.67 +/- 3.82 mfi before treatment, 3.91 +/- 2.04 mfi at 5 d, and 4.28 +/- 2.47 mfi at 14 d. The expressions of TLR-2 in the control group were 5.49 +/- 3.20 mfi before treatment, 4.48 +/- 2.15 mfi at 5 d, and 4.36 +/- 2.36 mfi at 14 d. The expressions of TLR-4 in the treatment group were 1.65 +/- 1.89 mfi before treatment, 1.23 +/- 1.10 mfi at 5 d, and 1.77 +/- 1.97 at 14 d. The expressions of TLR-4 in the control group were 1.51 +/- 1.76 mfi before treatment, 1.36 +/- 0.99 mfi at 5 d, and 1.26 +/- 0.59 mfi at 14 d. Infections were detected in 11 patients who received glutamine and 13 control patients (P = 0.51). CONCLUSION In critical care patients, parenteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine does not increase the expression of TLR-2 or TLR-4 in peripheral blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Pérez-Bárcena
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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12
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Pons J, Sauleda J, Regueiro V, Santos C, López M, Ferrer J, Agustí AGN, Bengoechea JA. Expression of Toll-like receptor 2 is up-regulated in monocytes from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2006; 7:64. [PMID: 16606450 PMCID: PMC1458333 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by pulmonary and systemic inflammation which flare-up during episodes of acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Given the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the induction of inflammatory responses we investigated the involvement of TLRs in COPD pathogenesis. METHODS The expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD14 in monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. To study the functional responses of these receptors, monocytes were stimulated with peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide and the amounts of TNFalpha and IL-6 secreted were determined by ELISA. RESULTS We found that the expression of TLR-2 was up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes from COPD patients, either clinically stable or during AECOPD, as compared to never smokers or smokers with normal lung function. Upon stimulation with TLR-2 ligand monocytes from COPD patients secreted increased amounts of cytokines than similarly stimulated monocytes from never smokers and smokers. In contrast, the expressions of TLR-4 and CD14 were not significantly different between groups, and the response to lipopolysaccharide (a TLR-4 ligand) stimulation was not significantly different either. At discharge from hospital TLR-2 expression was down-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes from AECOPD patients. This could be due to the treatment with systemic steroids because, in vitro, steroids down-regulated TLR-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that IL-6, whose plasma levels are elevated in patients, up-regulated in vitro TLR-2 expression in monocytes from never smokers. CONCLUSION Our results reveal abnormalities in TLRs expression in COPD patients and highlight its potential relationship with systemic inflammation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Pons
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Dureta, Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Sauleda
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Verónica Regueiro
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Carmen Santos
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Dureta, Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Meritxell López
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joana Ferrer
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alvar GN Agustí
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - José A Bengoechea
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Dureta, Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma Mallorca, Spain
- Program Infection and Immunity, Fundació Caubet-CIMERA Illes Balears, Bunyola, Spain
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Regueiro V, Campos MA, Pons J, Albertí S, Bengoechea JA. The uptake of a Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule polysaccharide mutant triggers an inflammatory response by human airway epithelial cells. Microbiology (Reading) 2006; 152:555-566. [PMID: 16436443 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The means by which airway epithelial cells sense a bacterial infection and which intracellular signalling pathways are activated upon infection are poorly understood. A549 cells and human primary airway cells (NHBE) were used to investigate the response to infection withKlebsiella pneumoniae. Infection of A549 and NHBE withK. pneumoniae52K10, a capsule polysaccharide (CPS) mutant, increased the surface levels of ICAM-1 and caused the release of IL-8. By contrast, the wild-type strain did not elicit these responses. Consistent with a functional role for these responses, there was a correlation between ICAM-1 levels and the number of adherent leukocytes on the epithelial cell surface. In addition, treatment of neutrophils with IL-8 enhanced their ability to killK. pneumoniae. Strain 52K10 was internalized by A549 cells more efficiently than the wild-type, and when infections with 52K10 were performed in the presence of cytochalasin D the inflammatory response was abrogated. These findings suggest that cellular activation is mediated by bacterial internalization and that CPS prevents the activation through the blockage of bacterial adhesion and uptake. Collectively, the results indicate that bacterial internalization by airway epithelial cells could be the triggering signal for the activation of the innate immune system of the airway. Infection of A549 cells by 52K10 was shown to trigger the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Evidence is presented showing that 52K10 activated IL-8 production through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 pathways and that A549 cells could use soluble CD14 as TLR co-receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Regueiro
- Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel A Campos
- Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Pons
- Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sebastián Albertí
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José A Bengoechea
- Institut Universitari d'Investigacions en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma Mallorca, Spain
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Pons J, Sauleda J, Ferrer JM, Barceló B, Fuster A, Regueiro V, Julià MR, Agustí AGN. Blunted gamma delta T-lymphocyte response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2005; 25:441-6. [PMID: 15738286 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.05.00069304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by an excessive inflammatory response to inhaled particles, mostly tobacco smoking. Although inflammation is present in all smokers, only a percentage of them develop COPD. T-lymphocytes are important effector and regulatory cells that participate actively in the inflammatory response of COPD. They comprise the T-cell receptor (TCR)-alpha beta (CD4+ and CD8+) and TCR-gamma delta T-lymphocytes. The latter represent a small percentage of the total T-cell population, but play a key role in tissue repair and mucosal homeostasis. To investigate TCR-alpha beta (CD4+ and CD8+) and TCR-gamma delta T-lymphocytes in COPD, the present authors determined, by flow cytometry, the distribution of both subpopulations in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples obtained from patients with COPD, smokers with normal lung function and never-smokers. The present study found that: 1) the distribution of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in blood and BAL was similar in all three groups; 2) compared with nonsmokers, gamma delta T-lymphocytes were significantly increased in smokers with preserved lung function; and 3) this response was blunted in patients with COPD. These results highlight a novel, potentially relevant, pathogenic mechanism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pons
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014- Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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15
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Abstract
The innate immune system plays a critical role in the defense of areas exposed to microorganisms. There is an increasing body of evidence indicating that antimicrobial peptides and proteins (APs) are one of the most important weapons of this system and that they make up the protective front for the respiratory tract. On the other hand, it is known that pathogenic organisms have developed countermeasures to resist these agents such as reducing the net negative charge of the bacterial membranes. Here we report the characterization of a novel mechanism of resistance to APs that is dependent on the bacterial capsule polysaccharide (CPS). Klebsiella pneumoniae CPS mutant was more sensitive than the wild type to human neutrophil defensin 1, beta-defensin 1, lactoferrin, protamine sulfate, and polymyxin B. K. pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide O antigen did not play an important role in AP resistance, and CPS was the only factor conferring protection against polymyxin B in strains lacking O antigen. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the amount of CPS expressed by a given strain and the resistance to polymyxin B. We also showed that K. pneumoniae CPS mutant bound more polymyxin B than the wild-type strain with a concomitant increased in the self-promoted pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that CPS protects bacteria by limiting the interaction of APs with the surface. Finally, we report that K. pneumoniae increased the amount of CPS and upregulated cps transcription when grown in the presence of polymyxin B and lactoferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Campos
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Dureta, Andrea Doria 55, 07014 Palma Mallorca, Spain
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