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Chiuppesi F, Zaia JA, Faircloth K, Johnson D, Ly M, Karpinski V, La Rosa C, Drake J, Marcia J, Acosta AM, Dempsey S, Taplitz RA, Zhou Q, Park Y, Ortega Francisco S, Kaltcheva T, Frankel PH, Rosen S, Wussow F, Dadwal S, Diamond DJ. Vaccine-induced spike- and nucleocapsid-specific cellular responses maintain potent cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. iScience 2022; 25:104745. [PMID: 35846380 PMCID: PMC9272674 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity may contribute to providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOC). We developed COH04S1, a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based COVID-19 vaccine that stimulated potent spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Here, we show that individuals vaccinated with COH04S1 or mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 maintain robust cross-reactive cellular immunity for six or more months post-vaccination. Although neutralizing antibodies induced in COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees showed reduced activity against Delta and Omicron variants compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, S-specific T cells elicited in both COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees and N-specific T cells elicited in COH04S1-vaccinees demonstrated potent and equivalent cross-reactivity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the major VOC. These results suggest that vaccine-induced T cells to S and N antigens may constitute a critical second line of defense to provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John A. Zaia
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Katelyn Faircloth
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daisy Johnson
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Minh Ly
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Veronica Karpinski
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Corinna La Rosa
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Drake
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joan Marcia
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ann Marie Acosta
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shannon Dempsey
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Randy A. Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yoonsuh Park
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sandra Ortega Francisco
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul H. Frankel
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Felix Wussow
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjeet Dadwal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Corresponding author
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Chiuppesi F, Nguyen VH, Park Y, Contreras H, Karpinski V, Faircloth K, Nguyen J, Kha M, Johnson D, Martinez J, Iniguez A, Zhou Q, Kaltcheva T, Frankel P, Kar S, Sharma A, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Shostak Y, Wussow F, Diamond DJ. Synthetic Multiantigen MVA Vaccine COH04S1 Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian Hamsters and Non-Human Primates. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34545366 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.15.460487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Second-generation COVID-19 vaccines could contribute to establish protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants. We developed COH04S1, a synthetic multiantigen Modified Vaccinia Ankara-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that co-expresses spike and nucleocapsid antigens. Here, we report COH04S1 vaccine efficacy in animal models. We demonstrate that intramuscular or intranasal vaccination of Syrian hamsters with COH04S1 induces robust Th1-biased antigen-specific humoral immunity and cross-neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and protects against weight loss, lower respiratory tract infection, and lung injury following intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Moreover, we demonstrate that single-dose or two-dose vaccination of non-human primates with COH04S1 induces robust antigen-specific binding antibodies, NAb, and Th1-biased T cells, protects against both upper and lower respiratory tract infection following intranasal/intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, and triggers potent post-challenge anamnestic antiviral responses. These results demonstrate COH04S1-mediated vaccine protection in animal models through different vaccination routes and dose regimens, complementing ongoing investigation of this multiantigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in clinical trials.
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