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Karbelkar A, Ahlmark R, Zhou X, Austin K, Fan G, Yang VY, Furst A. Carbon Electrode-Based Biosensing Enabled by Biocompatible Surface Modification with DNA and Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:358-365. [PMID: 36633230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Modification of electrodes with biomolecules is an essential first step for the development of bioelectrochemical systems, which are used in a variety of applications ranging from sensors to fuel cells. Gold is often used because of its ease of modification with thiolated biomolecules, but carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are gaining popularity due to their low cost and fabrication from abundant resources. However, their effective modification with biomolecules remains a challenge; the majority of work to-date relies on nonspecific adhesion or broad amide bond formation to chemical handles on the electrode surface. By combining facile electrochemical modification to add an aniline handle to electrodes with a specific and biocompatible oxidative coupling reaction, we can readily modify carbon electrodes with a variety of biomolecules. Importantly, both proteins and DNA maintain bioactive conformations following coupling. We have then used biomolecule-modified electrodes to generate microbial monolayers through DNA-directed immobilization. This work provides an easy, general strategy to modify inexpensive carbon electrodes, significantly expanding their potential as bioelectrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Karbelkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Rachel Ahlmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Xingcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Katherine Austin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Victoria Y Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Ariel Furst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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