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Rajamanickam A, Kumar NP, Pandiaraj AN, Selvaraj N, Munisankar S, Renji RM, Venkatramani V, Murhekar M, Thangaraj JWV, Kumar MS, Kumar CPG, Bhatnagar T, Ponnaiah M, Sabarinathan R, Saravanakumar V, Babu S. Restoration of dendritic cell homeostasis and Type I/Type III interferon levels in convalescent COVID-19 individuals. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:51. [PMID: 36289478 PMCID: PMC9607715 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells play a vital role in the protection against viral infections. In COVID-19, there is an impairment of dendritic cell (DC) function and interferon secretion which has been correlated with disease severity. Results In this study, we described the frequency of DC subsets and the plasma levels of Type I (IFNα, IFNβ) and Type III Interferons (IFNλ1), IFNλ2) and IFNλ3) in seven groups of COVID-19 individuals, classified based on days since RT-PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV2 infection. Our data shows that the frequencies of pDC and mDC increase from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateau thereafter. Similarly, the levels of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNλ1, IFNλ2 and IFNλ3 increase from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateau thereafter. COVID-19 patients with severe disease exhibit diminished frequencies of pDC and mDC and decreased levels of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNλ1, IFNλ2 and IFNλ3. Finally, the percentages of DC subsets positively correlated with the levels of Type I and Type III IFNs. Conclusion Thus, our study provides evidence of restoration of homeostatic levels in DC subset frequencies and circulating levels of Type I and Type III IFNs in convalescent COVID-19 individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-022-00526-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- grid.417330.20000 0004 1767 6138Immunology-ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arul Nancy Pandiaraj
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rachel Mariam Renji
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Manoj Murhekar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Manickam Ponnaiah
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ramasamy Sabarinathan
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Velusamy Saravanakumar
- grid.419587.60000 0004 1767 6269ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Subash Babu
- grid.419685.7ICER-ICMR-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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Rajamanickam A, Kumar NP, Pandiarajan AN, Selvaraj N, Munisankar S, Renji RM, Venkatramani V, Murhekar M, Thangaraj JWV, Kumar MS, Kumar CPG, Bhatnagar T, Ponnaiah M, Sabarinathan R, Saravanakumar V, Babu S. Dynamic alterations in monocyte numbers, subset frequencies and activation markers in acute and convalescent COVID-19 individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20254. [PMID: 34642411 PMCID: PMC8511073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are thought to play an important role in host defence and pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, a comprehensive examination of monocyte numbers and function has not been performed longitudinally in acute and convalescent COVID-19. We examined the absolute counts of monocytes, the frequency of monocyte subsets, the plasma levels of monocyte activation markers using flowcytometry and ELISA in seven groups of COVID-19 individuals, classified based on days since RT-PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV2 infection. Our data shows that the absolute counts of total monocytes and the frequencies of intermediate and non-classical monocytes increases from Days 15-30 to Days 61-90 and plateau thereafter. In contrast, the frequency of classical monocytes decreases from Days 15-30 till Days 121-150. The plasma levels of sCD14, CRP, sCD163 and sTissue Factor (sTF)-all decrease from Days 15-30 till Days 151-180. COVID-19 patients with severe disease exhibit higher levels of monocyte counts and higher frequencies of classical monocytes and lower frequencies of intermediate and non-classical monocytes and elevated plasma levels of sCD14, CRP, sCD163 and sTF in comparison with mild disease. Thus, our study provides evidence of dynamic alterations in monocyte counts, subset frequencies and activation status in acute and convalescent COVID-19 individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- International Center for Excellence in Research - ICMR- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- Immunology-ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Arul Nancy Pandiarajan
- International Center for Excellence in Research - ICMR- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Nandhini Selvaraj
- International Center for Excellence in Research - ICMR- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- International Center for Excellence in Research - ICMR- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Rachel Mariam Renji
- International Center for Excellence in Research - ICMR- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Venkatramani
- International Center for Excellence in Research - ICMR- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Manoj Murhekar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | | | | | - C P Girish Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | | | - R Sabarinathan
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - V Saravanakumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Subash Babu
- International Center for Excellence in Research - ICMR- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast gangrene has been reported as a complication following puerperal sepsis, breast surgery, nipple piercings, warfarin toxicity, etc. We report a case of primary breast gangrene in an HIV-positive individual which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old previously healthy woman presented with fulminating left breast gangrene. She was detected to be HIV positive. Mastectomy was performed. The detailed management of the condition is discussed. CONCLUSION Severe necrotising infections may be initial manifestations of HIV infection and patients with such infections should be screened for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venkatramani
- Department of Surgery, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
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