An Overview of Treatment Guidelines and Methods of Synthesis of Drugs Used in Leprosy Chemotherapy

Leprosy is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTDs) caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). The treatment is considered effective, however, the high dose Multidrug Therapy (MDT) for a long period and its adverse effects result in the abandonment of the treatment by patients. Indeed, antimicrobial resistance is still an obstacle that must be overcome in the treatment of leprosy. In the present article, we reviewed the WHO guidelines for the chemotherapy of leprosy and the methods of synthesis of these drugs.

A Short Review of Antimalarial Compounds with Sulfonamide Moiety

Malaria is a public health problem that causes thousands of deaths, primarily in children in African regions. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have helped to save thousands of lives; however, due to Plasmodium's resistance to available treatments, there is a need to search for new low-cost drugs that act through different mechanisms of action to contain this disease. This review shows that compounds with sulfonamide moiety, possibly, act as inhibitors of P. falciparum carbonic anhydrases, moreover, when linked to a variety of heterocycles potentiate the activities of these compounds and may be used in the design of new antimalarial drugs.

Synthesis and in vitro and in silico studies of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazoles as antichagasic agents

1,2,3-triazole heterocycles stand out in medicinal chemistry for having great structural diversity and bioactivities. In this study, two series of triazoles were synthesized. One was obtained by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between ethyl cyanoacetate and several phenyl azides forming 1H-1,2,3-triazoles and the other by rearrangement of Dimroth forming and 2H-1,2,3-triazoles. Both series were shown to be active against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi. The 1,2,3-triazoles 16d (S.I. between 100 and 200), 17d and 16f (S.I. > 200) were the most active compounds and capable of breaking the plasma membrane of trypomastigotes acting on CYP51 and inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Candidate 16d exhibited the best and most favorable profile when interacting with CYP51.

Efficient access to β-vinylporphyrin derivatives via palladium cross coupling of β-bromoporphyrins with N-tosylhydrazones

This work describes a new approach to obtain new β-vinylporphyrin derivatives through palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 2-bromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II) with N-tosylhydrazones. This is the first report of the use of such synthetic methodology in porphyrin chemistry allowing the synthesis of new derivatives, containing β-arylvinyl substituents.

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of promising 7-arylamino-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylates and their halogenated amino compounds for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections

In this work we described the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 7-arylamino-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylates derivatives that exhibited remarkable activity against two Gram-negative strains of clinical importance.

Synthesis of a new class of naphthoquinone glycoconjugates and evaluation of their potential as antitumoral agents

A novel series of carbohydrate-based naphthoquinones was synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, A-549 and MDA-MB 435). The compounds derived from juglone showed better cytotoxicity profiles.