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Khare VM, Saxena VK, Pasternak MA, Nyinawabera A, Singh KB, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. The expression profiles of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in tumors caused by Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV-A) in chickens. Genes Immun 2021; 23:12-22. [PMID: 34934184 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune genes play an important role in the immune responses to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-induced tumor formation and metastasis. Here, we determined in vivo expression of chemokines, innate immune and apoptotic genes in Synthetic Broiler Dam Line (SDL) chickens following RSV-A infection. The mRNA expression of genes was determined at the primary site of infection and in different organs of progressor, regressor and non-responder chicks, using RT-qPCR. Our results indicated a significant upregulation of: (1) chemokines, such as MIP1β and RANTES, (2) the innate immune gene TLR4, and (3) p53, a tumor-suppressor gene, at the site of primary infection in progressor chickens. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was significantly downregulated in progressor chicks compared to uninfected, control chicks. All of the innate immune genes were significantly upregulated in the lungs and liver of the progressor and regressor chicks compared to control chicks. In the spleen of progressor chicks, RANTES, iNOS and p53 gene expression were significantly increased, whereas MIP1β and TLR4 gene expression was significantly downregulated, compared to control chicks. The lungs and livers of non-responder chicks expressed a low level of iNOS and MIP1β, whereas RANTES, TLR4, and p53 gene expression were significantly upregulated compared to uninfected control chicks. In addition, there was a significant downregulation of RANTES, MIP1β, and TLR4 gene expression in non-responder chicks. These results suggest the different response to infection of chicks with RSV-A is due to differential changes in the expression of innate immune genes in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India.
| | - Vishesh K Saxena
- Disease Genetics and Biotechnology Lab, CARI, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India
| | - Mariah A Pasternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Kunwar B Singh
- Animal Science Department, Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Sigdel I, Gupta N, Faizee F, Khare VM, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. Biomimetic Microfluidic Platforms for the Assessment of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:633671. [PMID: 33777909 PMCID: PMC7992012 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.633671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Of around half a million women dying of breast cancer each year, more than 90% die due to metastasis. Models necessary to understand the metastatic process, particularly breast cancer cell extravasation and colonization, are currently limited and urgently needed to develop therapeutic interventions necessary to prevent breast cancer metastasis. Microfluidic approaches aim to reconstitute functional units of organs that cannot be modeled easily in traditional cell culture or animal studies by reproducing vascular networks and parenchyma on a chip in a three-dimensional, physiologically relevant in vitro system. In recent years, microfluidics models utilizing innovative biomaterials and micro-engineering technologies have shown great potential in our effort of mechanistic understanding of the breast cancer metastasis cascade by providing 3D constructs that can mimic in vivo cellular microenvironment and the ability to visualize and monitor cellular interactions in real-time. In this review, we will provide readers with a detailed discussion on the application of the most up-to-date, state-of-the-art microfluidics-based breast cancer models, with a special focus on their application in the engineering approaches to recapitulate the metastasis process, including invasion, intravasation, extravasation, breast cancer metastasis organotropism, and metastasis niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Sigdel
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Niraj Gupta
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Fairuz Faizee
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yuan Tang
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Karthikeyan C, Amawi H, Ashby CR, Khare VM, Jones V, Hari Narayana Moorthy NS, Trivedi P, Tiwari AK. Novel 3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)indolin-2-one derivatives produce anticancer efficacy in ovarian cancer in vitro. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01603. [PMID: 31193218 PMCID: PMC6522656 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)indolin-2-ones were synthesized, using the ‘molecular hybridization approach’ and evaluated for anticancer efficacy. Eleven 3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)indolin-2-ones (LM01 to LM11) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic efficacy in cancer (ovarian, prostate and colon) and two non-cancerous cell lines. Among the 3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)indolin-2-one derivatives, LM08, with a 6-Cl substitution in the 3-quinolinyl moiety, had selective and potent cytotoxic efficacy in the ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Further mechanistic investigations indicated that LM08 significantly inhibited the clonogenic survival of A2780 cancer cells, which was mediated by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484887, India.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, 462036, India
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, USA
| | - Vishwa M Khare
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veronica Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | | | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, 462036, India.,Center of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
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Hussein N, Ashby CR, Amawi H, Nyinawabera A, Vij A, Khare VM, Karthikeyan C, Tiwari AK. Cariprazine, A Dopamine D₂/D₃ Receptor Partial Agonist, Modulates ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E308. [PMID: 30181510 PMCID: PMC6162716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a continuing clinical problem that limits the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer. The over expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family G2 (ABCG2) transporter is one of the main mechanisms that mediates MDR in cancer. Molecular modeling data indicated that cariprazine, a dopamine D₂/D₃ receptor partial agonist, had a significant binding affinity for ABCG2 transporter with a Glide XP score of -6.515. Therefore, in this in vitro study, we determined the effect of cariprazine on MDR resulting from the overexpression of ABCG2 transporters. Alone, cariprazine, at concentrations up to 20 μM, did not significantly decrease cell viability. Cariprazine, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μM, did not significantly alter the cytotoxicity of mitoxantrone (MX) in the parental non-small cell cancer cell line, H460 and colon cancer cell S1. However, cariprazine (1⁻20 μM) significantly enhanced the efficacy of ABCG2 substrate antineoplastic drug MX in the ABCG2-overexpressing MDR cell line, H460-MX20 and S1M1-80, by reducing the resistance fold from 28 to 1 and from 93 to 1.33, respectively. Cariprazine, in a concentration-dependent (1⁻20 μM), significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine 123 in S1M1-80. Interestingly, 10 or 20 μM of cariprazine significantly decreased the expression levels of the ABCG2 protein in the colon and lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that cariprazine inhibits both the function and expression of ABCG2 transporters at nontoxic concentrations. Overall, our results suggest that cariprazine, via several distinct mechanisms, can resensitize resistant cancer cells to mitoxantrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Atul Vij
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Vishwa M Khare
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, MP 484887, India.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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