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Tamborrini G, Hügle T, Ricci V, Filippou G. Ultrasound imaging in crystal arthropathies: a pictorial review. Reumatismo 2023; 75. [PMID: 38115778 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of crystal arthropathies in the general population is rising. The purpose of this pictorial study is to describe the sonographic elements of the most prevalent crystal arthropathies by emphasizing particular sonographic findings using illustrative images and cases while considering technical details and common pitfalls. METHODS Using established recommendations, specialists in the fields of sonography and crystal arthropathies agreed by consensus on the unique ultrasound signs associated with each of the conditions. RESULTS Gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition arthropathy, and hydroxyapatite arthropathy are the three most prevalent crystal arthropathies. Today's high-resolution sonography enables reliable evaluation of the underlying crystal deposits, post-inflammatory changes, and a precise description of joint inflammation. CONCLUSIONS High-prevalence crystal arthropathies are reliably detectable by ultrasound with current ultrasound equipment. It is necessary to have extensive ultrasound training, know specific sonographic findings, and understand all possible differential diagnoses for disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tamborrini
- Swiss Ultrasound Center, Institute of Rheumatology, Basel; Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital of Basel.
| | - T Hügle
- Rheumatology, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne.
| | - V Ricci
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan.
| | - G Filippou
- Department of Rheumatology, Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio IRCCS Hospital, Milan.
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MacGowan AP, Attwood MLG, Noel AR, Barber R, Aron Z, Opperman TJ, Grimsey E, Stone J, Ricci V, Piddock LJV. Exposure of Escherichia coli to antibiotic-efflux pump inhibitor combinations in a pharmacokinetic model: impact on bacterial clearance and drug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2869-2877. [PMID: 37837411 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) offer an attractive therapeutic option when combined with existing classes. However, their optimal dosing strategies are unknown. METHODS MICs of ciprofloxacin (CIP)+/-chlorpromazine, phenylalanine-arginine β naphthylamide (PAβN) and a developmental molecule MBX-4191 were determined and the pharmacodynamics (PD) was studied in an in vitro model employing Escherichia coli MG1655 and its isogenic MarR mutant (I1147). Exposure ranging experiments were performed initially then fractionation. Changes in bacterial load and population profiles were assessed. Strains recovered after EPI simulations were studied by WGS. RESULTS The CIPMICs for E. coli MG1655 and I1147 were 0.08 and 0.03 mg/L. Chlorpromazine at a concentration of 60 mg/L, PAβN concentrations of 30 mg/L and MBX-4191 concentrations of 0.5-1.0 mg/L reduced CIP MICs for I1147 and enhanced bacterial killing. Using CIP at an AUC of 1.2 mg·h/L, chlorpromazine AUC was best related to reduction in bacterial load at 24 h, however, when the time drug concentration was greater than 25 mg/L (T > 25 mg/L) chlorpromazine was also strongly related to the effect. For PaβN with CIP AUC, 0.6 mg·h/L PaβN AUC was best related to a reduction in bacterial load. MBX-4191T > 0.5-0.75 mg·h/L was best related to reduction in bacterial load. Changes in population profiles were not seen in experiments of ciprofloxacin + EPIs. WGS of recovered strains from simulations with all three EPIs showed mutations in gyrA, gyrB or marR. CONCLUSIONS AUC was the pharmacodynamic driver for chlorpromazine and PAβN while T > threshold was the driver for MBX-4191 and important in the activity of chlorpromazine and PAβN. Changes in population profiles did not occur with combinations of ciprofloxacin + EPIs, however, mutations in gyrA, gyrB and marR were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair P MacGowan
- Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - M L G Attwood
- Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Alan R Noel
- Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation (BCARE), Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - R Barber
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zachary Aron
- Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovation Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Grimsey
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jack Stone
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - L J V Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Ricci V, Kaur J, Stone J, Piddock LJV. Antibiotics do not induce expression of acrAB directly but via a RamA-dependent pathway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0062023. [PMID: 37815378 PMCID: PMC10649046 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00620-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if acrAB induction in Salmonella Typhimurium relies solely on RamA or if other transcriptional activator pathways are also involved, and to better understand the kinetics of induction of both acrAB and ramA. We evaluated the expression of acrAB in S. Typhimurium in response to a variety of compounds that are known to induce the expression of one or more of the transcriptional activators, MarA, SoxS, RamA, and Rob. We utilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptional reporter fusions to investigate the changes in the expression of acrAB, ramA, marA, and soxS following exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial compounds. Of the compounds tested, 13 induce acrAB expression in S. Typhimurium via RamA, MarA, SoxS, and Rob-dependent pathways. None of the tested antibiotics induced acrAB expression, and compounds that induced acrAB expression also induced a general stress response. The results from this study show that the majority of compounds tested induced acrAB via the RamA-dependent pathway. However, none of the antibiotic substrates of the AcrB efflux pump directly increased the expression of AcrAB either directly or indirectly via the induction of one of the transcriptional activators. Using a dual GFP/RFP reporter, we investigated the kinetics of the induction of ramA and acrAB simultaneously and found that acrAB gene expression was transient compared to ramA gene expression. ramA gene expression increased with time and would remain high or decrease slowly over the course of the experiment indicating that RamA exerts a wider global effect and is not limited to efflux regulation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswant Kaur
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Stone
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. V. Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Pengel LHM, Kaisar M, Benjamens S, Ibrahim M, Ricci V, Bellini MI, Breithaupt-Faloppa AC, Falk C, Maple H, Marson L, Ortiz F, Papalois V, Paredes D, Forsberg A. Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) in Organ Transplantation: An ESOT Survey About EDI Within ESOT as an Organization and its Educational Activities, and Transplantation Research and Science. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11331. [PMID: 37680646 PMCID: PMC10481529 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT) strives to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) across all its activities. We surveyed the transplant community's experiences and perspectives regarding EDI within ESOT as an organization and its educational activities, and research in general. A total of 299 respondents completed the questionnaire. About half agreed that ESOT's Executive Committee, Council, and Sections/Committees are diverse and inclusive (51%) and that ESOT promotes EDI in its live and digital educational activities (54%). Forty percent of respondents agreed that scientific and clinical trials in the field of transplantation are diverse and inclusive. Despite the wide distribution of the survey, most of the respondents self-identified as White and were either physician or surgeon. However, the results contribute a unique insight into the experiences and perspectives of the transplantation community regarding EDI. Whilst ESOT is committed to the principles of EDI, perceptions and the high number of proposals show the apparent need to prioritize efforts to embed EDI across ESOT and transplantation science. These data should constitute a starting point for change and provide guidance for future efforts to promote EDI within the transplantation community.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. H. M. Pengel
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Peter Morris Centre for Evidence in Transplantation, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M. Kaisar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S. Benjamens
- Department of Surgery, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Ibrahim
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - V. Ricci
- European Society for Organ Transplantation, Padua, Italy
| | - M. I. Bellini
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A. C. Breithaupt-Faloppa
- LIM-11, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. Falk
- Institut für Transplantationsimmunologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - H. Maple
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - L. Marson
- The Edinburgh Transplant Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - F. Ortiz
- Abdominal Center Unit, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V. Papalois
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - D. Paredes
- Donation and Transplant Coordination Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Forsberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Blair JMA, Siasat P, McNeil HE, Colclough A, Ricci V, Lawler AJ, Abdalaal H, Buckner MMC, Baylay A, Busby SJ, Piddock LJV. EnvR is a potent repressor of acrAB transcription in Salmonella. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 78:133-140. [PMID: 36308324 PMCID: PMC9780535 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance nodulation division (RND) family efflux pumps, including the major pump AcrAB-TolC, are important mediators of intrinsic and evolved antibiotic resistance. Expression of these pumps is carefully controlled by a network of regulators that respond to different environmental cues. EnvR is a TetR family transcriptional regulator encoded upstream of the RND efflux pump acrEF. METHODS Binding of EnvR protein upstream of acrAB was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and the phenotypic consequence of envR overexpression on antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm motility and invasion of eukaryotic cells in vitro was measured. Additionally, the global transcriptome of clinical Salmonella isolates overexpressing envR was determined by RNA-Seq. RESULTS EnvR bound to the promoter region upstream of the genes coding for the major efflux pump AcrAB in Salmonella, inhibiting transcription and preventing production of AcrAB protein. The phenotype conferred by overexpression of envR mimicked deletion of acrB as it conferred multidrug susceptibility, decreased motility and decreased invasion into intestinal cells in vitro. Importantly, we demonstrate the clinical relevance of this regulatory mechanism because RNA-Seq revealed that a drug-susceptible clinical isolate of Salmonella had low acrB expression even though expression of its major regulator RamA was very high; this was caused by very high EnvR expression. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that EnvR is a potent repressor of acrAB transcription in Salmonella, and can override binding by RamA so preventing MDR to clinically useful drugs. Finding novel tools to increase EnvR expression may form the basis of a new way to prevent or treat MDR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Siasat
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen E McNeil
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abigail Colclough
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vito Ricci
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amelia J Lawler
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hind Abdalaal
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michelle M C Buckner
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alison Baylay
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen J Busby
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Ricci V, Güvener O, Özçakar L. Re: The prevalence of neovascularity in rotator cuff tendinopathy: comparing conventional Doppler with superb microvascular imaging. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:e839-e840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ciusa ML, Marshall RL, Ricci V, Stone JW, Piddock LJV. Absence, loss-of-function, or inhibition of Escherichia coli AcrB does not increase expression of other efflux pump genes supporting the discovery of AcrB inhibitors as antibiotic adjuvants. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:633-640. [PMID: 34897478 PMCID: PMC8865010 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether expression of efflux pumps and antibiotic susceptibility are altered in Escherichia coli in response to efflux inhibition. Methods The promoter regions of nine efflux pump genes (acrAB, acrD, acrEF, emrAB, macAB, cusCFBA, mdtK, mdtABC, mdfA) were fused to gfp in pMW82 and fluorescence from each reporter construct was used as a measure of the transcriptional response to conditions in which AcrB was inhibited, absent or made non-functional. Expression was also determined by RT-qPCR. Drug susceptibility of efflux pump mutants with missense mutations known or predicted to cause loss of function of the encoded efflux pump was investigated. Results Data from the GFP reporter constructs revealed that no increased expression of the tested efflux pump genes was observed when AcrB was absent, made non-functional, or inhibited by an efflux pump inhibitor/competitive substrate, such as PAβN or chlorpromazine. This was confirmed by RT-qPCR for PAβN and chlorpromazine; however, a small but significant increase in macB gene expression was seen when acrB is deleted. Efflux inhibitors only synergized with antibiotics in the presence of a functional AcrB. When AcrB was absent or non-functional, there was no impact on MICs when other efflux pumps were also made non-functional. Conclusions Absence, loss-of-function, or inhibition of E. coli AcrB did not significantly increase expression of other efflux pump genes, which suggests there is no compensatory mechanism to overcome efflux inhibition and supports the discovery of inhibitors of AcrB as antibiotic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Ciusa
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert L Marshall
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vito Ricci
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jack W Stone
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ricci V, Ceci F, Di Carlo F, Lalli A, Ciavoni L, Mosca A, Sepede G, Salone A, Quattrone D, Fraticelli S, Maina G, Martinotti G. Cannabis use disorder and dissociation: A report from a prospective first-episode psychosis study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109118. [PMID: 34688166 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most used recreational drug worldwide. Its use can increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders and exacerbate their course. However, the relationship between cannabis use and dissociative symptoms has been scarcely investigated. AIMS To examine differences in psychotic and dissociative symptoms, and in functioning in first-episode psychotic patients (FEPp) using cannabis compared with those not using cannabis. METHODS Between January 2014 and December 2019, seventy FEPp with cannabis use disorder (N = 35) and without it (N = 35) were recruited in psychiatric inpatient facilities in the Italian regions of Lazio and Piemonte. All subjects were assessed at FEP, after 4 and 8 months, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Dissociative Experiences Scale - II (DES-II). Detailed information on the pattern of cannabis and other substance use were collected. RESULTS FEP using cannabis showed higher levels of positive symptomatology, dissociative experiences and worse functioning than their non-user counterpart, despite a comparable antipsychotic treatment. At an eight-month prospective evaluation, FEP using cannabis still showed higher levels of positive symptomatology and dissociation. Moreover, global functioning worsened over time in FEPp using cannabis, whereas it improved those not using it. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that a greater degree of dissociation and positive symptoms at FEPp and their persistence over time may characterise cannabis-associated psychosis. Both these factors might explain the overall functioning worsening over time that we observed in the cannabis-user group compared to the functioning improvement in the non-user group.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ricci
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - F Ceci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - F Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Lalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Ciavoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Salone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Memory Ln, London SE5 8AF, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Fraticelli
- DSM PIPSM ASL ROMA 1, Via Plinio, 31, 00193 Roma
| | - G Maina
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - G Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
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Youlden GH, Ricci V, Wang-Kan X, Piddock LJV, Jabbari S, King JR. Time dependent asymptotic analysis of the gene regulatory network of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump system in gram-negative bacteria. J Math Biol 2021; 82:31. [PMID: 33694073 PMCID: PMC7946726 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efflux pumps are a mechanism of intrinsic and evolved resistance in bacteria. If an efflux pump can expel an antibiotic so that its concentration within the cell is below a killing threshold the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. Efflux pumps may be specific or they may pump various different substances. This is why many efflux pumps confer multi drug resistance (MDR). In particular over expression of the AcrAB−TolC efflux pump system confers MDR in both Salmonella and Escherichia coli. We consider the complex gene regulation network that controls expression of genes central to controlling the efflux associated genes acrAB and acrEF in Salmonella. We present the first mathematical model of this gene regulatory network in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations. Using a time dependent asymptotic analysis, we examine in detail the behaviour of the efflux system on various different timescales. Asymptotic approximations of the steady states provide an analytical comparison of targets for efflux inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H Youlden
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. .,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Vito Ricci
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Xuan Wang-Kan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Gyrd-Hansen Group, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sara Jabbari
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - John R King
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Cocco G, Ricci V, Boccatonda A, Stellin L, De Filippis G, Soresi M, Schiavone C. Sonographic demonstration of a spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma following a sneeze: a case report and review of the literature. J Ultrasound 2020; 24:125-130. [PMID: 32621122 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma (SRSH) is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain characterized by bleeding within the rectus sheath; it is a benign condition and, in most cases, it is treated conservatively. Bleeding of the abdominal wall is an unusual condition that is quite challenging to identify promptly and can be easily overlooked during a routine physical examination. In daily practice, anticoagulant therapy is one of the main risk factors for hemorrhagic events. In this respect, we report a rare case of spontaneous hematoma of the abdominal wall (diagnosed and monitored through an ultrasound examination) that arose after sneezing in a patient receiving anticoagulant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cocco
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - V Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Boccatonda
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Stellin
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - G De Filippis
- Radiology Department, "M.G. Vannini Hospital", Rome, Italy
| | - M Soresi
- Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Schiavone
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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Abstract
Group D and group B Salmonella enterica serovars differ in their susceptibility to colistin with the former frequently intrinsically resistant (MIC > 2 μg/ml); however, the mechanism has not been described. Here, we show that the O-antigen epitope in group D Salmonella governs the levels of colistin susceptibility. Substitution of the rfbJ gene in a group B Salmonella with the rfbSE genes from a group D Salmonella conferred a decrease in susceptibility to colistin. The presence of dideoxyhexose, abequose, and the deoxymannose, tyvelose, differentiate the Salmonella group B and group D O antigens, respectively. We hypothesize that the subtle difference between abequose and tyvelose hinders the colistin molecule from reaching its target. Whole-genome sequencing also revealed that increased colistin susceptibility in a group D Salmonella veterinary isolate was due to a defect in the O-antigen polymerase protein, Rfc. This study shows that two different mechanisms that influence the presence and composition of O antigens affect colistin susceptibility in Salmonella entericaIMPORTANCE Some serovars of Salmonella, namely, those belonging to group D, appear to show a degree of intrinsic resistance to colistin. This observed intrinsic colistin resistance is of concern since this last-resort drug might no longer be effective for treating severe human infections with the most common Salmonella serovar, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Here, we show that the O-antigen epitope in group D Salmonella governs the levels of colistin susceptibility. Using whole-genome sequencing, we also revealed that increased colistin susceptibility in a group D Salmonella veterinary isolate was due to a defect in the O-antigen polymerase protein, Rfc. In summary, we show that two different mechanisms that influence the presence and composition of O antigens affect colistin susceptibility in Salmonella enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dexian Zhang
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher Teale
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Cocco G, Ricci V, Boccatonda A, Schiavone C. Focused ultrasound for the diagnosis of non-palpable endometriotic lesions of the abdominal wall: a not-uncommon surgical complication. J Ultrasound 2020; 23:183-187. [PMID: 31919810 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-019-00425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign disease characterized by endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity. We reported two cases of endometriosis of the abdominal wall, with subcutaneous and intramuscular localization, that became symptomatic a few years after a cesarean intervention. These cases have a clinical pattern quite similar to cutaneous endometriosis, but they are more difficult to diagnose through physical examination because they are barely palpable. In this sense, coupled with suggestive symptoms, ultrasound examination can confirm the clinical suspicion of endometriosis without the use of computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cocco
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - V Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Boccatonda
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Schiavone
- Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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13
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Bougnom BP, Thiele-Bruhn S, Ricci V, Zongo C, Piddock LJV. Raw wastewater irrigation for urban agriculture in three African cities increases the abundance of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in soil, including those encoding extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134201. [PMID: 31505362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the impact of raw wastewater use for irrigation on dissemination of bacterial resistance in urban agriculture in African cities. The pollution of agricultural fields by selected antibiotic residues was assessed. The structure and functions of the soil microbial communities, presence of antibiotic resistance genes of human clinical importance and Enterobacteriaceae plasmid replicons were analysed using high throughput metagenomic sequencing. In irrigated fields, the richness of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla increased by 65% and 15.7%, respectively; functions allocated to microbial communities' adaptation and development increased by 3%. Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes of medical interest was 27% greater in irrigated fields. Extended spectrum β-lactamase genes identified in irrigated fields included blaCARB-3, blaOXA-347, blaOXA-5 and blaRm3. The presence of ARGs encoding resistance to amphenicols, β-lactams, and tetracyclines were associated with the higher concentrations of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in irrigated fields. Ten Enterobacteriaceae plasmid amplicon groups involved in the wide distribution of ARGs were identified in the fields. IncQ2, ColE, IncFIC, IncQ1, and IncFII were found in both farming systems; IncW and IncP1 in irrigated fields; and IncY, IncFIB and IncFIA in non-irrigated fields. In conclusion, raw wastewater irrigated soils in African cities could represent a vector for the spread of antibiotic resistance, thus threatening human and animal health. Consumers of products from these farms and farmers could be at risk of acquiring infections due to drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Bougnom
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - S Thiele-Bruhn
- Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany
| | - V Ricci
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - C Zongo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Ouaga, I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - L J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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14
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Marmorino F, Rossini D, Lonardi S, Moretto R, Zucchelli G, Aprile G, Dell'Aquila E, Ratti M, Bergamo F, Masi G, Urbano F, Ronzoni M, Libertini M, Borelli B, Randon G, Buonadonna A, Allegrini G, Pella N, Ricci V, Boccaccino A, Latiano TP, Cordio S, Passardi A, Tamburini E, Boni L, Falcone A, Cremolini C. Impact of age and gender on the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of TRIBE and TRIBE2 studies. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1969-1977. [PMID: 31573612 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase III TRIBE and TRIBE2 studies randomized metastatic colorectal cancer patients to first-line FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab or a doublet (FOLFIRI or FOLFOX)/bevacizumab. The studies demonstrated a significant benefit from the triplet at the price of an increased incidence of chemotherapy-related adverse events (AEs). In both trials, males and females aged between 18 and 70 years with ECOG PS ≤2 and between 71 and 75 years with ECOG PS = 0 were eligible. We investigated the effect of FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab versus doublets/bevacizumab according to age and gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subgroup analyses according to age (<70 versus 70-75 years) and gender were carried out for overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and AE rates. RESULTS Of 1187 patients, 1005 (85%) were aged <70 years and 182 (15%) 70-75 years; 693 (58%) were males and 494 (42%) females. There was no evidence of interaction between age or gender and the benefit provided by the intensification of the upfront chemotherapy in terms of ORR and PFS, or the increased risk of experiencing G3/4 AEs. Elderly patients and females experienced higher rates of overall G3/4 AEs (73% versus 60%, P < 0.01 and 69% versus 57%, P < 0.01, respectively). Notably, in the FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab subgroup, G3/4 diarrhea and febrile neutropenia occurred in 27% and 16% of elderly patients, respectively, while females reported high incidences of any grade nausea (67%) and vomiting (50%). CONCLUSIONS The improvements in terms of ORR and PFS of FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab versus doublets/bevacizumab are independent of gender and age, with a similar relative increase in AEs among elderly patients and females. Initial dose reductions and possibly primary G-CSF prophylaxis should be recommended for patients between 70 and 75 years old treated with FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab, and a careful management of antiemetic prophylaxis should be considered among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marmorino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - D Rossini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - S Lonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova
| | - R Moretto
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - G Zucchelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - G Aprile
- Department of Oncology, General and University Hospital, Udine; Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza
| | - E Dell'Aquila
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Biomedico University, Roma
| | - M Ratti
- Oncology Department, Oncology Unit, ASST of Cremona, Cremona
| | - F Bergamo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Padova
| | - G Masi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - F Urbano
- Department of Radiological Science, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Roma
| | - M Ronzoni
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele IRCSS, Milano
| | - M Libertini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Poliambulanza Foundation, Brescia
| | - B Borelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - G Randon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan
| | - A Buonadonna
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, Aviano
| | - G Allegrini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unit of Medical Oncology, Livorno Hospital, Azienda Toscana Nord Ovest, Livorno
| | - N Pella
- Department of Oncology, General and University Hospital, Udine
| | - V Ricci
- Department of Oncology, S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo
| | - A Boccaccino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - T P Latiano
- Oncology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo
| | - S Cordio
- Medical Oncology Unit, ARNAS Garibaldi Catania, Catania
| | - A Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola
| | - E Tamburini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Card. G. Panico Hospital of Tricase, Tricase
| | - L Boni
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Toscano Cancer Institute, University Hospital Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Falcone
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - C Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa.
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15
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Bougnom BP, Thiele-Bruhn S, Ricci V, Zongo C, Piddock LJV. High-throughput sequencing data and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of soil microbial communities in non-irrigated and irrigated soils with raw sewage in African cities. Data Brief 2019; 27:104638. [PMID: 31700955 PMCID: PMC6831714 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing data of soil microbial communities in non-irrigated and irrigated soils with raw sewage in African cities are presented in this report. These data were collected to study the potential of wastewater use in urban agriculture to disseminate bacterial resistance in soil. Soil samples were collected in three cities in two African countries. Each city had two sectors (irrigated and non-irrigated). After collection, biomass samples were purified, DNA from soil was extracted, quantified and sequenced using multiplex Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The sequence count of the six metagenome datasets ranges from 3,258,523,350 bp to 4,120,454,250 bp; the mean sequence length post quality control average was 149 ± 3 bp. The mechanisms of resistance encoded by the identified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the metagenomic data were dominated by antibiotic inactivation enzymes (64.7% and 71.9%), followed by antibiotic target replacement (14.7% and 12.5%), antibiotic target protection (11.8% and 9.4%) and efflux pumps (6.3% and 8.8%) in bacterial DNA isolated from irrigated and non-irrigated fields, respectively. The datasets will be useful for the scientific community working in the area of bacterial resistance dissemination from the environment. They can be used for further understanding of bacterial drug-resistance gene prevalence and acquisition in wastewater irrigated soils. The data reported herein was used for the article, titled "Raw wastewater irrigation for urban agriculture in three African cities increases the abundance of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in soil, including those encoding Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs)" Bougnom et al. (2020) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Bougnom
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - S Thiele-Bruhn
- Department of Soil Science, University of Trier, D-54286, Trier, Germany
| | - V Ricci
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - C Zongo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - L J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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16
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Ricci V, Falletta A, Granetto C, Paccagnella M, Abbona A, Fea E, Fabozzi T, Lo Nigro C, Merlano M. Correlation between values of specific biomarkers and outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Ricci V, Özçakar L. Life after ultrasound: Are we speaking the same (or a new) language in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine? J Rehabil Med 2019; 51:234-235. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Bougnom BP, Zongo C, McNally A, Ricci V, Etoa FX, Thiele-Bruhn S, Piddock LJV. Wastewater used for urban agriculture in West Africa as a reservoir for antibacterial resistance dissemination. Environ Res 2019; 168:14-24. [PMID: 30253312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
State of art metagenomics were used to investigate the microbial population, antibiotic resistance genes and plasmids of medical interest in wastewater used for urban agriculture in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Wastewater samples were collected from three canals near agricultural fields in three neighbourhoods. Assessment of microbial population diversity revealed different microbial patterns among the different samples. Sequencing reads from the wastewaters revealed different functional specializations of microbial communities, with the predominance of carbohydrates and proteins metabolism functions. Eleven pathogen-specific and 56 orthologous virulence factor genes were detected in the wastewater samples. These virulence factors are usually found in human pathogens that cause gastroenteritis and/or diarrhoea. A wide range of antibiotic resistance genes was identified; 81 are transmissible by mobile genetic elements. These included seven different extended spectrum β-lactamase genes encoding synthesis of four enzyme families, including two metallo-β-lactamases (blaAIM-1 and blaGES-21). Ten different incompatibility groups of Enterobacteriaceae plasmid replicons (ColE, FIB, FIC, FII, P, Q, R, U, Y, and A/C), and 30 plasmid replicon types from Gram-positive bacteria. All are implicated in the wide distribution of antibiotic resistance genes. We conclude that wastewater used for urban agriculture in the city represents a high risk for spreading bacteria and antimicrobial resistance among humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise P Bougnom
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cheikna Zongo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Alan McNally
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vito Ricci
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - François X Etoa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Laura J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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19
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D'Alessandra Y, Gioffre' S, Chiesa M, Piacentini L, Ruggeri C, D'Avila F, Ricci V, Vavassori C, Castiglioni L, Sironi L, Scopece A, Milano G, Pompilio G, Colombo GI. P2848Long-term specific transcriptional effects of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity on distinct murine cardiac chambers. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Gioffre'
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Chiesa
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - C Ruggeri
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - F D'Avila
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V Ricci
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Vavassori
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - L Sironi
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Scopece
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Milano
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pompilio
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G I Colombo
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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20
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D'Alessandra Y, Gioffre' S, Chiesa M, Piacentini L, D'Avila F, Ruggeri C, Vavassori C, Ricci V, Castiglioni L, Scopece A, Milano G, Marenzi G, Pompilio G, Colombo GI. P925Cardiac injury-induced regulation of clock genes: lessons from mice and patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Gioffre'
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Chiesa
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - F D'Avila
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Ruggeri
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Vavassori
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V Ricci
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Scopece
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Milano
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Marenzi
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pompilio
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G I Colombo
- Cardiology Center Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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21
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Marmorino F, Cremolini C, Bergamo F, Pella N, Antoniotti C, Rossini D, Dell'Aquila E, Masi G, Salvatore L, Loupakis F, Marcucci L, Gemma D, Cardellino G, Borelli B, Ricci V, Delfanti S, Mori E, Tonini G, Lonardi S, Fontanini G, Boni L, Falcone A. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab (bev) followed by maintenance with bev alone or bev plus metronomic chemotherapy (metroCT) in mCRC: Final results of the phase II randomized MOMA trial by GONO. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy149.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Ricci V, Attah V, Overton T, Grainger DC, Piddock LJV. CsrA maximizes expression of the AcrAB multidrug resistance transporter. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 45:12798-12807. [PMID: 29040729 PMCID: PMC5727465 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon Storage Regulator A (CsrA) is an RNA binding protein that acts as a global regulator of diverse genes. Using a combination of genetics and biochemistry we show that CsrA binds directly to the 5′ end of the transcript encoding AcrAB. Deletion of csrA or mutagenesis of the CsrA binding sites reduced production of both AcrA and AcrB. Nucleotide substitutions at the 5′ UTR of acrA mRNA that could potentially weaken the inhibitory RNA secondary structure, allow for more efficient translation of the AcrAB proteins. Given the role of AcrAB-TolC in multi-drug efflux we suggest that CsrA is a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victoria Attah
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tim Overton
- Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David C Grainger
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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23
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Weston N, Sharma P, Ricci V, Piddock LJV. Regulation of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in Enterobacteriaceae. Res Microbiol 2017; 169:425-431. [PMID: 29128373 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial multidrug efflux systems are a major mechanism of antimicrobial resistance and are fundamental to the physiology of Gram-negative bacteria. The resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of efflux pumps is the most clinically significant, as it is associated with multidrug resistance. Expression of efflux systems is subject to multiple levels of regulation, involving local and global transcriptional regulation as well as post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation. The best-characterised RND system is AcrAB-TolC, which is present in Enterobacteriaceae. This review describes the current knowledge and new data about the regulation of the acrAB and tolC genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Weston
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Ricci
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Pastina P, Nardone V, Botta C, Croci S, Davì D, Tini P, Battaglia G, Sebaste L, Carfagno T, Carbone S, Ricci V, Giannicola R, Tagliaferri P, Pirtoli L, Correale P. P2.07-046 Nivolumab Exerts Remarkable Antitumor Activity in NSCLC After an Immune-Modulating Biochemotherapy Regimen. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nardone V, Tini P, Aldi E, Pastina P, Croci S, Sebaste L, Battaglia G, Carbone S, Ricci V, Mazzei M, Pirtoli L, Correale P. PUB052 Computer Tomography (CT) Texture Analysis as Prediction Factor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Nivolumab Treatment. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nardone V, Tini P, Aldi E, Pastina P, Sebaste L, Battaglia G, Carbone S, Ricci V, Pirtoli L, Correale P. Predictive value of CT texture analysis in lung cancer patients undergoing nivolumab. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx092.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Despite our continuous improvement in understanding antibiotic resistance, the interplay between natural selection of resistance mutations and the environment remains unclear. To investigate the role of bacterial metabolism in constraining the evolution of antibiotic resistance, we evolved Escherichia coli growing on glycolytic or gluconeogenic carbon sources to the selective pressure of three different antibiotics. Profiling more than 500 intracellular and extracellular putative metabolites in 190 evolved populations revealed that carbon and energy metabolism strongly constrained the evolutionary trajectories, both in terms of speed and mode of resistance acquisition. To interpret and explore the space of metabolome changes, we developed a novel constraint‐based modeling approach using the concept of shadow prices. This analysis, together with genome resequencing of resistant populations, identified condition‐dependent compensatory mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, such as the shift from respiratory to fermentative metabolism of glucose upon overexpression of efflux pumps. Moreover, metabolome‐based predictions revealed emerging weaknesses in resistant strains, such as the hypersensitivity to fosfomycin of ampicillin‐resistant strains. Overall, resolving metabolic adaptation throughout antibiotic‐driven evolutionary trajectories opens new perspectives in the fight against emerging antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zampieri
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Enke
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Chubukov
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vito Ricci
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Nigro C, Comino A, Vivenza D, Granetto C, Ferrero M, Lattanzio L, Varamo C, Ricci V, Merlano M. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density as prognostic determinant in stage II colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Fea E, Vanella P, Miraglio E, Cauchi C, Colantonio I, Denaro N, Di Costanzo G, Garrone O, Granetto C, Occelli M, Ricci V, Vandone A, Merlano M. Metronomic oral cyclophosphamide (CTX) in patients (pts) with heavily pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw334.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rossini D, Casagrande M, Moretto R, Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Masi G, Borelli B, Lonardi S, Zagonel V, Aprile G, Ricci V, Grande R, Tomasello G, Ronzoni M, Allegrini G, Tonini G, Mancini M, Zaniboni A, Chiara S, Carlomagno C, Falcone A. Safety and efficacy of FOLFOXIRI with or without targeted agents as first-line treatment of selected elderly metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a pooled analysis of GONO studies. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw335.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ricci V, Lo Nigro C, Comino A, Vivenza D, Granetto C, Ferrero M, Lattanzio L, Varamo C, Merlano M. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (tils) density as prognostic determinant in stage ii colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw335.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Manna R, Ricci V, Curigliano V, Pomponi M, Adamo F, Costa A, De Socio G, Garbarrini G, D'Onofrio F, Bria P. Psychiatric Manifestations as a Primary Symptom in Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:915-7. [PMID: 17166412 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disorder characterised by recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and/or foetal losses associated with typical laboratory abnormalities. The initial manifestation of anthiphospholipid syndrome can involve many organ systems either singly or in combination. We describe the case of a 62 year old female showing schizophrenia-like symptoms in which further evaluations allowed us to diagnose the antiphospolipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Ricci V, Comino A, Vivenza D, Granetto C, Lo Nigro C, Ferrero M, Merlano M. P-030 Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density as prognostic determinant in stage II colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw199.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Casagrande M, Moretto R, Loupakis F, Cremolini C, Masi G, Borelli B, Lonardi S, Marsico Valentina A, Salvatore L, Rossini D, Ferrari L, Ricci V, Grande R, Tomasello G, Ronzoni M, Allegrini G, Tonini G, Mancini M, Zaniboni A, Chiara S, Carlomagno C, Falcone A. PD-009 Safety and efficacy of FOLFOXIRI with or without targeted agents as first-line treatment of selected elderly metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a pooled analysis of GONO studies. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw200.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Slim N, Gumina C, De Nardi P, Tamburini A, Canevari C, Ronzoni M, Bordogna G, Ricci V, Fiorino C, Rosati R, Di Muzio N, Passoni P. PO-0721: Impact of sentinel lymph-node biopsy on staging and treatment in patients with anal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Miraglio E, Ricci V, Vivenza D, Monteverde M, Strola G, Granetto C, Lo Nigro C, Merlano M. Retrospective evaluation of ADCC activity and cetuximab response in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC). Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv340.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Giordano G, Febbraro A, Vaccaro V, Zagonel V, De Giorgi U, Melisi D, Vasile E, Bianco R, Lo Re G, Valente M, Formica V, Montesarchio V, Maiorino L, Sanna G, Bittoni A, Ricci V, Santini D, Zaniboni A, Milella M, De Vita F. 2334 Nab Paclitaxel (Nab-P) and Gemcitabine (G) as first line chemotherapy (CT) in advanced pancreatic cancer (APDAC) patients (pts): An Italian “real life” study. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ricci V, Vivenza D, Monteverde M, Strola G, Granetto C, Lo Nigro C, Merlano M. P-235 Retrospective evaluation of ADCC activity and cetuximab response in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC). Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Blair JMA, Smith HE, Ricci V, Lawler AJ, Thompson LJ, Piddock LJV. Expression of homologous RND efflux pump genes is dependent upon AcrB expression: implications for efflux and virulence inhibitor design. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:424-31. [PMID: 25288678 PMCID: PMC4291234 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Enterobacteriaceae have multiple efflux pumps that confer intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. AcrB mediates clinically relevant multidrug resistance and is required for virulence and biofilm formation, making it an attractive target for the design of inhibitors. The aim of this study was to assess the viability of single transporters as a target for efflux inhibition using Salmonella Typhimurium as the model pathogen. Methods The expression of resistance–nodulation–division (RND) efflux pump genes in response to the inactivation of single or multiple homologues was measured using real-time RT–PCR. Phenotypes of mutants were characterized by measuring antimicrobial susceptibility, dye accumulation and the ability to cause infection in vitro. Results The expression of all RND efflux pump genes was increased when single or multiple acr genes were inactivated, suggesting a feedback mechanism that activates the transcription of homologous efflux pump genes. When two or three acr genes were inactivated, the mutants had further reduced efflux, altered susceptibility to antimicrobials (including increased susceptibility to some, but conversely and counterintuitively, decreased susceptibility to some others) and were more attenuated in the tissue culture model than mutants lacking single pumps were. Conclusions These data indicate that it is critical to understand which pumps an inhibitor is active against and the effect of this on the expression of homologous systems. For some antimicrobials, an inhibitor with activity against multiple pumps will have a greater impact on susceptibility, but an unintended consequence of this may be decreased susceptibility to other drugs, such as aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M A Blair
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen E Smith
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amelia J Lawler
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louisa J Thompson
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Graziano F, Ruzzo A, Galli F, Giacomini E, Floriani I, Galli F, Rulli E, Lonardi S, Ronzoni M, Massidda B, Zagonel V, Pella N, Mucciarini C, Labianca R, Veltri E, Sozzi P, Barni S, Ricci V, Sobrero A, Magnani M. Pharmacogenetic Profiling for Toxicity of Oxaliplatin and Fluoropyrimidines. Final Report from an Ancillary Protocol to the Tosca (Three or Six Colon Adjuvant) Trial. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu333.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Antoniotti C, Cremolini C, Loupakis F, Lonardi S, Boni C, Carlomagno C, Salvatore L, Masi G, Negri F, Barone C, Zoratto F, Ricci V, Bonetti A, D'Argenio F, Leo S, Chiara S, Dell'Aquila E, Fontanini G, Boni L, Falcone A. Folfoxiri Plus Bevacizumab (Bev) As First-Line Treatment of Ras Wild-Type (Wt) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc) Patients (Pts). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu333.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Fioravanti A, Bartolini S, Zoli M, Ricci V, Valluzzi A, Nicolini F, Calbucci F. Predicting Factors for Outcome in Petroclival Meningiomas Surgery. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Prevete N, Rossi FW, Rivellese F, Lamacchia D, Pelosi C, Lobasso A, Necchi V, Solcia E, Fiocca R, Ceppa P, Staibano S, Mascolo M, D'Argenio G, Romano M, Ricci V, Marone G, De Paulis A. Helicobacter pylori HP(2-20) induces eosinophil activation and accumulation in superficial gastric mucosa and stimulates VEGF-alpha and TGF-beta release by interacting with formyl-peptide receptors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 26:647-62. [PMID: 24067461 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils participate in the immune response against Helicobacter pylori, but little is known about their role in the gastritis associated to the infection. We recently demonstrated that the Hp(2-20) peptide derived from H. pylori accelerates wound healing of gastric mucosa by interacting with N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) expressed on gastric epithelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether eosinophils play a role in the repair of gastric mucosa tissue during H. pylori infection. Immuno-histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect eosinophils in gastric mucosal biopsies. Eosinophil re-distribution occurred in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients: their density did not change in the deep mucosal layer, whereas it increased in the superficial lamina propria just below the foveolar epithelium; eosinophils entered the epithelium itself as well as the lumen of foveolae located close to the area harboring bacteria, which in turn were also engulfed by eosinophils. The H. pylori-derived peptide Hp(2-20) stimulated eosinophil migration through the engagement of FPR2 and FPR3, and also induced production of VEGF-A and TGF-beta, two key mediators of tissue remodelling. We also demonstrate that Hp(2-20) in vivo induced eosinophil infiltration in rat gastric mucosa after injury brought about by indomethacin. This study suggests that eosinophil infiltrate could modulate the capacity of gastric mucosa to maintain or recover its integrity thereby shedding light on the role of eosinophils in H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prevete
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali e Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Immunologiche di Base e Cliniche (CISI), Universita' di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES RamA regulates the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux system. Using Salmonella Typhimurium, we investigated the stability of RamA and its impact on antibiotic resistance. METHODS To detect RamA, we introduced ramA::3XFLAG::aph into plasmid pACYC184 and transformed this into Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344ramA::cat and lon::aph mutants. An N-terminus-deleted mutant [pACYC184ramA(Δ2-21)::3XFLAG::aph] in which the first 20 amino acids of RamA were deleted was also constructed. To determine the abundance and half-life of FLAG-tagged RamA, we induced RamA with chlorpromazine (50 mg/L) and carried out western blotting using anti-FLAG antibody. Susceptibility to antibiotics and phenotypic characterization of the lon mutant was also carried out. RESULTS We show that on removal of chlorpromazine, a known inducer of ramA, the abundance of RamA decreased to pre-induced levels. However, in cells lacking functional Lon, we found that the RamA protein was not degraded. We also demonstrated that the 21 amino acid residues of the RamA N-terminus are required for recognition by the Lon protease. Antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic tests showed that the lon mutant was more susceptible to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, was filamentous when observed by microscopy and grew poorly, but showed no difference in motility or the ability to form a biofilm. There was also no difference in the ability of the lon mutant to invade human intestinal cells (INT-407). CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that the ATP-dependent Lon protease plays an important role in regulating the expression of RamA and therefore multidrug resistance via AcrAB-TolC in Salmonella Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Ricci
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Prevete N, Staiano RI, Granata F, Detoraki A, Necchi V, Ricci V, Triggiani M, De Paulis A, Marone G, Genovese A. Expression and function of Angiopoietins and their tie receptors in human basophils and mast cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:827-839. [PMID: 24152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Angiopoietin/Tie system is a key regulator of vascular remodeling, maturation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. In humans there are three angiopoietins: Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), and Angiopoietin-4 (Ang4). Ang1 and Ang2 are the best characterized angiopoietins. The angiopoietin receptor system consists of two type I tyrosine kinase receptors (Tie1 and Tie2). Tie2 binds all known angiopoietins. We sought to characterize Ang1, Ang2, Tie1 and Tie2 expression and functions in human basophils and mast cells. Basophils, LAD-2 cells and Human Lung Mast Cells (HLMCs) constitutively express Ang1 and Ang2 mRNA. Intracellular staining for Ang1 and Ang2 was stronger in basophils than in mast cells. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated Ang1 in cytoplasmic vesicles of basophils. The protein kinase C activators phorbol diester (PMA) and bryostatin 1 (Bryo1) stimulated basophils to rapidly release a large amount of Ang1. PMA-induced Ang1 release was inhibited by brefeldin A. Tie1 and Tie2 mRNAs were expressed in basophils, LAD-2 and HLMCs. Basophils, LAD-2 and HLMCs expressed Tie1 on the cell surface. HLMCs and LAD-2 expressed Tie2 on the cell surface, whereas basophils did not. Ang1, but not Ang2, induced migration of mast cells through the engagement of Tie2. Neither Ang1 nor Ang2 induced basophil chemotaxis. We have identified a novel mechanism of cross-talk between human basophils and mast cells mediated by the Ang1/Tie2 system that might be relevant in the orchestration of inflammatory and neoplastic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prevete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
Objectives The transcriptional activator RamA regulates production of the multidrug resistance efflux AcrAB–TolC system in several Enterobacteriaceae. This study investigated factors that lead to increased expression of ramA. Methods In order to monitor changes in ramA expression, the promoter region of ramA was fused to a gfp gene encoding an unstable green fluorescence protein (GFP) on the reporter plasmid, pMW82. The ramA reporter plasmid was transformed into Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 and a ΔacrB mutant. The response of the reporter to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, dyes, biocides, psychotropic agents and efflux inhibitors was measured during growth over a 5 h time period. Results Our data revealed that the expression of ramA was increased in a ΔacrB mutant and also in the presence of the efflux inhibitors phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine. The phenothiazines chlorpromazine and thioridazine also increased ramA expression, triggering the greatest increase in GFP expression. However, inducers of Escherichia coli marA and soxS and 12 of 17 tested antibiotic substrates of AcrAB–TolC did not induce ramA expression. Conclusions This study shows that expression of ramA is not induced by most substrates of the AcrAB–TolC efflux system, but is increased by mutational inactivation of acrB or when efflux is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lawler
- Antimicrobials Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Slim N, Fiorino C, Passoni P, Ronzoni M, Ricci V, Di Palo S, Tamburini A, Iacovelli N, Calandrino R, Di Muzio N. PO-0696: Adaptive strategy in preoperative RT for rectal cancer with Tomotherapy: boosting the dose to the shrinking tumor. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tamburini A, Di Palo S, Orsenigo E, Ricci V, Albarello L, Staudacher C. 70. Long term outcome of pathological complete response patients after neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Monoistitutional prospetictive trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Martinotti G, Di Iorio G, Marini S, Ricci V, De Berardis D, Di Giannantonio M. Nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in schizophrenia: a review. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:347-356. [PMID: 23034254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the role of neurotrophins in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Neurotrophins are a large family of dimeric polypeptides that promote the growth and the differentiation of developing neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as the survival of neuronal cells in response to stress. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations are here reviewed in relation to medication-naive early psychotic patients and in medicated chronic schizophrenic patients. Most data point to decreased plasma and serum NGF and BDNF concentrations in naive drug and in medicated schizophrenic patients compared to healthy controls. Higher BDNF levels were observed in patients with the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia. Low serum BDNF levels were associated with reduction in hippocampal volume (HV) at the onset of schizophrenia. Evidence on the correlation between BDNF levels and positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms were ambiguous. There are contrasting results on a possible correlation between increase in BDNF concentrations and treatment with antipsychotics. Antipsychotic treatment can elevate NGF values, specifically atypical. Growth factors might be good candidates as prognostically and diagnostically useful markers in schizophrenia.
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Calbucci F, Bartolini S, Martinoni M, Nicolini F, Lefosse M, Ricci V, Badaloni F, Bertuccio A, Fioravanti A. Petrous Bone Meningiomas: Surgical Results in 110 Cases. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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