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Nosher JL, Patel A, Jagpal S, Gribbin C, Gendel V. Endovascular treatment of pulmonary embolism: Selective review of available techniques. World J Radiol 2017; 9:426-437. [PMID: 29354208 PMCID: PMC5746646 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v9.i12.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of death in hospitalized patients. The development of sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for PE, including endovascular therapy, affords a certain level of complexity to the treatment of patients with this important clinical entity. Furthermore, the lack of level I evidence for the safety and effectiveness of catheter directed therapy brings controversy to a promising treatment approach. In this review paper, we discuss the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of PE, review the medical and surgical treatment of the condition, and describe in detail the tools that are available for the endovascular therapy of PE, including mechanical thrombectomy, suction thrombectomy, and fibrinolytic therapy. We also review the literature available to date on these methods, and describe the function of the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Nosher
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Arjun Patel
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Sugeet Jagpal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Christopher Gribbin
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Vyacheslav Gendel
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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Shah K, Dayan M, Aboff A, Gendel V, Kempf J. The frequency and etiology of interventional radiology report addenda: a quality improvement project: What can we learn? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Nosher JL, Ahmed I, Patel AN, Gendel V, Murillo PG, Moss R, Jabbour SK. Non-operative therapies for colorectal liver metastases. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:224-40. [PMID: 25830041 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Locoregional therapies for colorectal liver metastases complement systemic therapy by providing an opportunity for local control of hepatic spread. The armamentarium for liver-directed therapy includes ablative therapies, embolization, and stereotactic body radiation therapy. At this time, prospective studies comparing these modalities are limited and decision-making relies on a multidisciplinary approach for optimal patient management. Herein, we describe multiple therapeutic non-surgical procedures and an overview of the results of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Nosher
- 1 Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Bruswick, NJ, USA ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Inaya Ahmed
- 1 Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Bruswick, NJ, USA ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Akshar N Patel
- 1 Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Bruswick, NJ, USA ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Vyacheslav Gendel
- 1 Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Bruswick, NJ, USA ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Philip G Murillo
- 1 Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Bruswick, NJ, USA ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Rebecca Moss
- 1 Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Bruswick, NJ, USA ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- 1 Department of Radiology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Bruswick, NJ, USA ; 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, 3 Division of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Nosher JL, Murillo PG, Liszewski M, Gendel V, Gribbin CE. Vascular anomalies: A pictorial review of nomenclature, diagnosis and treatment. World J Radiol 2014; 6:677-692. [PMID: 25276311 PMCID: PMC4176785 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i9.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular anomalies, including vascular malformations and tumors, are frequently straightforward to detect; however, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are often challenging. Misdiagnosis of these lesions can lead clinicians in the wrong direction when treating these patients, which can have unfavorable results. This review presents an overview of the classification systems that have been developed for the diagnosis of vascular lesions with a focus on the imaging characteristics. Pictorial examples of each lesion on physical examination, as well as non-invasive and minimally invasive imaging are presented. An overview of the endovascular treatment of these lesions is also given. In some cases, vascular anomalies may be associated with an underlying syndrome and several of the most commonly encountered syndromes are discussed. Understanding of the classification systems, familiarity with the treatment options and knowledge of the associated syndromes are essential for all physicians working with this patient population. The approach to the described entities necessitates an organized multi-disciplinary team effort, with diagnostic imaging playing an increasingly important role in the proper diagnosis and a combined interventional radiologic and surgical treatment method showing promising results.
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Gendel V, Haddadin I, Nosher JL. Antegrade pampiniform plexus venography in recurrent varicocele: Case report and anatomy review. World J Radiol 2011; 3:194-8. [PMID: 21860716 PMCID: PMC3158898 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v3.i7.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicoceles are often treated with percutaneous embolization, using fibered coils and sclerosing agents, with the latter targeted at occlusion of pre-existing collateral veins. While various methods of surgical and embolization treatment are available, varicoceles may still recur from venous collateralization. We present a case, where following demonstration of complete occlusion of the right and left gonadal veins, direct puncture of the pampiniform venous plexus under ultrasound guidance revealed recurrent varicoceles supplied by anastomoses from the ipsilateral saphenous and femoral veins to the pampiniform plexus. In doing so, we describe a technique of percutaneous pampiniform venography in a case where the pertinent anatomy was not easily demonstrated by other methods.
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Anishkin A, Gendel V, Sharifi NA, Chiang CS, Shirinian L, Guy HR, Sukharev S. On the conformation of the COOH-terminal domain of the large mechanosensitive channel MscL. J Gen Physiol 2003; 121:227-44. [PMID: 12601086 PMCID: PMC2217331 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.20028768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COOH-terminal (S3) domains are conserved within the MscL family of bacterial mechanosensitive channels, but their function remains unclear. The X-ray structure of MscL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TbMscL) revealed cytoplasmic domains forming a pentameric bundle (Chang, G., R.H. Spencer, A.T. Lee, M.T. Barclay, and D.C. Rees. 1998. SCIENCE: 282:2220-2226). The helices, however, have an unusual orientation in which hydrophobic sidechains face outside while charged residues face inside, possibly due to specific crystallization conditions. Based on the structure of pentameric cartilage protein, we modeled the COOH-terminal region of E. coli MscL to better satisfy the hydrophobicity criteria, with sidechains of conserved aliphatic residues all inside the bundle. Molecular dynamic simulations predicted higher stability for this conformation compared with one modeled after the crystal structure of TbMscL, and suggested distances for disulfide trapping experiments. The single cysteine mutants L121C and I125C formed dimers under ambient conditions and more so in the presence of an oxidant. The double-cysteine mutants, L121C/L122C and L128C/L129C, often cross-link into tetrameric and pentameric structures, consistent with the new model. Patch-clamp examination of these double mutants under moderately oxidizing or reducing conditions indicated that the bundle cross-linking neither prevents the channel from opening nor changes thermodynamic parameters of gating. Destabilization of the bundle by replacing conservative leucines with small polar residues, or complete removal of COOH-terminal domain (Delta110-136 mutation), increased the occupancy of subconducting states but did not change gating parameters substantially. The Delta110-136 truncation mutant was functional in in vivo osmotic shock assays; however, the amount of ATP released into the shock medium was considerably larger than in controls. The data strongly suggest that in contrast to previous gating models (Sukharev, S., M. Betanzos, C.S. Chiang, and H.R. Guy. 2001a. NATURE: 409:720-724.), S3 domains are stably associated in both closed and open conformations. The bundle-like assembly of cytoplasmic helices provides stability to the open conformation, and may function as a size-exclusion filter at the cytoplasmic entrance to the MscL pore, preventing loss of essential metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, 20742, USA
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