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Laverre M, Kerhervé P, Constant M, Weiss L, Charrière B, Stetzler M, González-Fernández D, Ludwig W. Heavy rains control the floating macroplastic inputs into the sea from coastal Mediterranean rivers: A case study on the Têt River (NW Mediterranean Sea). Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162733. [PMID: 36924956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the relevance of small watersheds in the macroplastic pollution of coastal environments. It aims to identify and quantify in terms of composition, number and mass, current riverine flows of floating macroplastics (>2.5 cm). Estimates are based on 66 visual monitoring of total litter over a 4-year-period (2016-2019) in a small coastal Mediterranean river, the Têt River (NW Mediterranean Sea). The plastic fraction represented 97 % of the observed litter, mainly cigarette butts (20.5 %), polystyrene fragments (18.8 %) and light packaging (16.3 %). The Tet River is characterized by frequent flash-flood events caused by heavy rain, that can induce a sudden rise of the water discharge. Such hydroclimatic forcing greatly influence macroplastic flows, both in terms of their average compositions and loads. We have estimated that 354,000 macroplastic items, corresponding to 0.65 tons, are discharged annually from the Tet River into the sea, and that 73 % of them are released during rain events (∼6 % of the year). The short observation distance from the water surface allowed to exhibit the great abundance of small litter (80 % of them were < 10 cm) and to evaluate to 1.8 g the average mass of floating plastics. Our results suggest that remediation actions must be taken on rainy days and target small litter in order to significantly limit macroplastic inputs from rivers to the sea. Moreover, the large share of cigarette butts in macrolitter inputs demonstrates that reducing ocean pollution cannot be achieved solely by improving waste management, but that changes in social behavior are also needed to stem waste production at the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laverre
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - P Kerhervé
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - M Constant
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - L Weiss
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - B Charrière
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - M Stetzler
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - D González-Fernández
- Department of Biology, University Marine Research Institute INMAR, University of Cádiz and European University of the Seas, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - W Ludwig
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan cedex, France; CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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Trenkle A, Syha M, Rheinheimer W, Callahan P, Nguyen L, Ludwig W, Lenthe W, Echlin MP, Pollock TM, Weygand D, De Graef M, Hoffmann MJ, Gumbsch P. Nondestructive evaluation of 3D microstructure evolution in strontium titanate. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057672000093x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nondestructive X-ray diffraction contrast tomography imaging was used to characterize the microstructure evolution in a polycrystalline bulk strontium titanate specimen. Simultaneous acquisition of diffraction and absorption information allows for the reconstruction of shape and orientation of more than 800 grains in the specimen as well as porosity. Three-dimensional microstructure reconstructions of two coarsening states of the same specimen are presented alongside a detailed exploration of the crystallographic, topological and morphological characteristics of the evolving microstructure. The overall analysis of the 3D structure shows a clear signature of the grain boundary anisotropy, which can be correlated to surface energy anisotropy: the grain boundary plane distribution function shows an excess of 〈100〉-oriented interfaces with respect to a random structure. The results are discussed in the context of interface property anisotropy effects.
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Jakobsen A, Simons H, Ludwig W, Yildirim C, Leemreize H, Porz L, Detlefs C, Poulsen H. Mapping of individual dislocations with dark-field X-ray microscopy. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718017302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents an X-ray microscopy approach for mapping deeply embedded dislocations in three dimensions using a monochromatic beam with a low divergence. Magnified images are acquired by inserting an X-ray objective lens in the diffracted beam. The strain fields close to the core of dislocations give rise to scattering at angles where weak beam conditions are obtained. Analytical expressions are derived for the image contrast. While the use of the objective implies an integration over two directions in reciprocal space, scanning an aperture in the back focal plane of the microscope allows a reciprocal-space resolution of ΔQ/Q < 5 × 10−5 in all directions, ultimately enabling high-precision mapping of lattice strain and tilt. The approach is demonstrated on three types of samples: a multi-scale study of a large diamond crystal in transmission, magnified section topography on a 140 µm-thick SrTiO3 sample and a reflection study of misfit dislocations in a 120 nm-thick BiFeO3 film epitaxially grown on a thick substrate. With optimal contrast, the half-widths at half-maximum of the dislocation lines are 200 nm.
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Bartkiewicz T, Bautsch W, Gerlach A, Goldapp M, Haux R, Heller U, Kierdorf HP, Kleinschmidt T, Ludwig W, Markurth U, Pfingsten-Würzburg S, Plischke M, Reilmann H, Schubert R, Seidel C, Warnke R, Gusew N. A Regional Health Care Network: eHealth.Braunschweig. Methods Inf Med 2018; 51:199-209. [DOI: 10.3414/me11-02-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBackground: Health care network eHealth.Braunschweig has been started in the South-East region of Lower Saxony in Germany in 2009. It composes major health care players, participants from research institutions and important local industry partners.Objectives: The objective of this paper is firstly to describe the relevant regional characteristics and distinctions of the eHealth.Braunschweig health care network and to inform about the goals and structure of eHealth.Braunschweig; secondly to picture and discuss the main concepts and domain fields which are addressed in the health care network; and finally to discuss the architectural challenges of eHealth.Braunschweig regarding the addressed domain fields and defined requirements.Methods: Based on respective literature and former conducted projects we discuss the project structure and goals of eHealth.Braunschweig, depict major domain fields and requirements gained in workshops with participants and discuss the architectural challenges as well as the architectural approach of eHealth.Braunschweig network.Results: The regional healthcare network eHealth.Braunschweig has been established in April 2009. Since then the network has grown constantly and a sufficient progress in network activities has been achieved. The main domain fields have been specified in different workshops with network participants and an architectural realization approach for the transinstitutional information system architecture in the healthcare network has been developed. However, the effects on quality of information processing and quality of patient care have not been proved yet. Systematic evaluation studies have to be done in future in order to investigate the impact of information and communication technology on the quality of information processing and the quality of patient care.Conclusions: In general, the aspects described in this paper are expected to contribute to a systematic approach for the establishment of regional health care networks with lasting and sustainable effects on patient-centered health care in a regional context.
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Gueninchault N, Proudhon H, Ludwig W. Nanox: a miniature mechanical stress rig designed for near-field X-ray diffraction imaging techniques. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:1474-1483. [PMID: 27787253 PMCID: PMC5082465 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516013850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-modal characterization of polycrystalline materials by combined use of three-dimensional (3D) X-ray diffraction and imaging techniques may be considered as the 3D equivalent of surface studies in the electron microscope combining diffraction and other imaging modalities. Since acquisition times at synchrotron sources are nowadays compatible with four-dimensional (time lapse) studies, suitable mechanical testing devices are needed which enable switching between these different imaging modalities over the course of a mechanical test. Here a specifically designed tensile device, fulfilling severe space constraints and permitting to switch between X-ray (holo)tomography, diffraction contrast tomography and topotomography, is presented. As a proof of concept the 3D characterization of an Al-Li alloy multicrystal by means of diffraction contrast tomography is presented, followed by repeated topotomography characterization of one selected grain at increasing levels of deformation. Signatures of slip bands and sudden lattice rotations inside the grain have been shown by means of in situ topography carried out during the load ramps, and diffraction spot peak broadening has been monitored throughout the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Gueninchault
- MAT – Centre des Materiaux, CNRS UMR 7633, PSL – Research University, BP 87, 91003 Evry, France
| | - H. Proudhon
- MAT – Centre des Materiaux, CNRS UMR 7633, PSL – Research University, BP 87, 91003 Evry, France
| | - W. Ludwig
- MATEIS, INSA Lyon, CNRS UMR5510, 25 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Simons H, King A, Ludwig W, Detlefs C, Pantleon W, Schmidt S, Stöhr F, Snigireva I, Snigirev A, Poulsen HF. Corrigendum: Dark-field X-ray microscopy for multiscale structural characterization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6612. [PMID: 25739984 PMCID: PMC4366500 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Simons H, King A, Ludwig W, Detlefs C, Pantleon W, Schmidt S, Snigireva I, Snigirev A, Poulsen HF. Dark-field X-ray microscopy for multiscale structural characterization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6098. [PMID: 25586429 PMCID: PMC4354092 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physical and mechanical properties of crystalline materials depend strongly on their internal structure, which is typically organized into grains and domains on several length scales. Here we present dark-field X-ray microscopy; a non-destructive microscopy technique for the three-dimensional mapping of orientations and stresses on lengths scales from 100 nm to 1 mm within embedded sampling volumes. The technique, which allows 'zooming' in and out in both direct and angular space, is demonstrated by an annealing study of plastically deformed aluminium. Facilitating the direct study of the interactions between crystalline elements is a key step towards the formulation and validation of multiscale models that account for the entire heterogeneity of a material. Furthermore, dark-field X-ray microscopy is well suited to applied topics, where the structural evolution of internal nanoscale elements (for example, positioned at interfaces) is crucial to the performance and lifetime of macro-scale devices and components thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Simons
- Department of Physics, DTU, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- ESRF, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A. King
- ESRF, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - W. Ludwig
- MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - C. Detlefs
- ESRF, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - W. Pantleon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DTU, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S. Schmidt
- Department of Physics, DTU, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - A. Snigirev
- ESRF, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russian Federation
| | - H. F. Poulsen
- Department of Physics, DTU, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
Traditional neutron imaging is based on the attenuation of a neutron beam through scattering and absorption upon traversing a sample of interest. It offers insight into the sample's material distribution at high spatial resolution in a non-destructive way. In this work, it is expanded to include the diffracted neutrons that were ignored so far and obtain a crystallographic distribution (grain mapping). Samples are rotated in a cold neutron beam of limited wavelength band. Projections of the crystallites formed by the neutrons they diffract are captured on a two dimensional imaging detector. Their positions on the detector reveal their orientation whereas the projections themselves are used to reconstruct the shape of the grains. Indebted to established synchrotron diffraction contrast tomography, this 'cold neutron diffraction contrast tomography' is performed on recrystallized aluminium for experimental comparison between both. Differences between set-up and method are discussed, followed by the application range in terms of sample properties (crystallite size and number, mosaicity and typical materials). Neutron diffraction contrast tomography allows to study large grains in bulky metallic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peetermans
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Neutron Imaging and Activation Group, CH-5232, Switzerland.
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Dumas C, Aubert D, Durrieu de Madron X, Ludwig W, Heussner S, Delsaut N, Menniti C, Sotin C, Buscail R. Storm-induced transfer of particulate trace metals to the deep-sea in the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea). Environ Geochem Health 2014; 36:995-1014. [PMID: 24737418 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to calculate budgets of particulate matter and sediment-bound contaminants leaving the continental shelf of the Gulf of Lion (GoL), settling particles were collected in March 2011 during a major storm, using sediment traps. The collecting devices were deployed in the Cap de Creus submarine canyon, which represents the main export route. Particulate matter samples were analyzed to obtain mass fluxes and contents in organic carbon, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and La, Nd and Sm. The natural or anthropogenic origin of trace metals was assessed using enrichment factors (EFs). Results are that Zn, Cu and Pb appeared to be of anthropogenic origin, whereas Ni, Co and Cr appeared to be strictly natural. The anthropogenic contribution of all elements (except Cd) was refined by acid-leaching (HCl 1 N) techniques, confirming that Zn, Cu and Pb are the elements that are the most enriched. However, although those elements are highly labile (59-77%), they do not reflect severe enrichment (EFs <4). Most particles originate from the Rhone River. This has been confirmed by two different tracing procedures using rare earth elements ratios and concentrations of acid-leaching residual trace metals. Our results hence indicate that even in this western extremity of the GoL, storm events mainly export Rhone-derived particles via the Cap de Creus submarine canyons to the deep-sea environments. This export of material is significant as it represents about a third of the annual PTM input from the Rhone River.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dumas
- CEntre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, CNRS, UMR 5110, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860, Perpignan, France,
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Krupp U, Giertler A, Söker M, Fu H, Dönges B, Christ HJ, Istomin K, Hüsecken A, Pietsch U, Fritzen CP, Ludwig W. Significance and Mechanism of the Crack Initiation Process during Very High Cycle Fatigue of Duplex Stainless Steel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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King A, Reischig P, Adrien J, Ludwig W. First laboratory X-ray diffraction contrast tomography for grain mapping of polycrystals. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813022553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The first results of three-dimensional grain mapping using a laboratory tomograph equipped with a microfocus W target X-ray tube source, operated at 90 kV and 350 µA, are presented. Adapted algorithms exploit the polychromatic radiation spectrum and the projection magnification arising from the cone-beam geometry. The first map of grain shapes and crystallographic orientations from a titanium sample containing 42 grains is presented and its validity confirmed by a phase contrast reconstruction of the grain boundaries. Perspectives are given for the further development of the technique to accommodate samples with more grains or with greater intragranular orientation spread.
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Gulitz A, Stadie J, Ehrmann M, Ludwig W, Vogel R. Comparative phylobiomic analysis of the bacterial community of water kefir by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and ARDRA analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1082-91. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gulitz
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie; Technische Universität München; Freising Germany
| | - J. Stadie
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie; Technische Universität München; Freising Germany
| | - M.A. Ehrmann
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie; Technische Universität München; Freising Germany
| | - W. Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie; Freising Germany
| | - R.F. Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie; Technische Universität München; Freising Germany
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King A, Ludwig W, Engelberg D, Marrow TJ. Diffraction contrast tomography for the study of polycrystalline stainless steel microstructures and stress corrosion cracking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1051/metal/2011042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Beuvier J, Sevault F, Herrmann M, Kontoyiannis H, Ludwig W, Rixen M, Stanev E, Béranger K, Somot S. Modeling the Mediterranean Sea interannual variability during 1961–2000: Focus on the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spring S, Amann R, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, van Gemerden H, Petersen N. Dominating role of an unusual magnetotactic bacterium in the microaerobic zone of a freshwater sediment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:2397-403. [PMID: 16349008 PMCID: PMC182297 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.8.2397-2403.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of polymerase chain reaction-assisted rRNA sequence retrieval and fluorescent oligonucleotide probing was used to identify in situ a hitherto unculturable, big, magnetotactic, rod-shaped organism in freshwater sediment samples collected from Lake Chiemsee. Tentatively named "Magnetobacterium bavaricum," this bacterium is evolutionarily distant from all other phylogenetically characterized magnetotactic bacteria and contains unusually high numbers of magnetosomes (up to 1,000 magnetosomes per cell). The spatial distribution in the sediment was studied, and up to 7 x 10 active cells per cm were found in the microaerobic zone. Considering its average volume (25.8 +/- 4.1 mum) and relative abundance (0.64 +/- 0.17%), "M. bavaricum" may account for approximately 30% of the microbial biovolume and may therefore be a dominant fraction of the microbial community in this layer. Its microhabitat and its high content of sulfur globules and magnetosomes suggest that this organism has an iron-dependent way of energy conservation which depends on balanced gradients of oxygen and sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spring
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Arcisstrasse 21, and Institut für Geophysik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 8000 Munich 2, Germany, and Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
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Chateau C, Gélébart L, Bornert M, Crepin J, Caldemaison D, Boller E, Sauder C, Langer M, Ludwig W. Experimental characterisation of damage in SiC/SiC minicomposites. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100620002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Berthold HJ, Bäthge HG, Hölscher BG, Kienert HJ, Ludwig W, Molepo JM, Wartchow R. Orientierungsfehlordnung komplexer Kationen und Anionen in Hochtemperaturphasen von Ionenverbindungen - Ergebnisse dreidimensionaler Elektronendichteberechnungen aufgrund von Röntgendaten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19830870315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tindall BJ, Rosselló-Móra R, Busse HJ, Ludwig W, Kämpfer P. Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:249-266. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.016949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1039] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomy relies on three key elements: characterization, classification and nomenclature. All three elements are dynamic fields, but each step depends on the one which precedes it. Thus, the nomenclature of a group of organisms depends on the way they are classified, and the classification (among other elements) depends on the information gathered as a result of characterization. While nomenclature is governed by the Bacteriological Code, the classification and characterization of prokaryotes is an area that is not formally regulated and one in which numerous changes have taken place in the last 50 years. The purpose of the present article is to outline the key elements in the way that prokaryotes are characterized, with a view to providing an overview of some of the pitfalls commonly encountered in taxonomic papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Tindall
- DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R. Rosselló-Móra
- Grup de Microbiologia Marina, Departament d'Ecologia I Recursos Marins, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, E-07190, Esporles, Spain
| | - H.-J. Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - P. Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Jürgens R, Diekmann V, Becker W, Vodel W, Elias H, Ludwig W. Verbesserung eines 28-Kanal MEG-Systems durch Umrüstung von RF-SQUIDs auf DC-SQUIDs. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1995.40.s1.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ludwig W, Reischig P, King A, Herbig M, Lauridsen EM, Johnson G, Marrow TJ, Buffière JY. Three-dimensional grain mapping by x-ray diffraction contrast tomography and the use of Friedel pairs in diffraction data analysis. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:033905. [PMID: 19334932 DOI: 10.1063/1.3100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) is a technique for mapping grain shape and orientation in plastically undeformed polycrystals. In this paper, we describe a modified DCT data acquisition strategy which permits the incorporation of an innovative Friedel pair method for analyzing diffraction data. Diffraction spots are acquired during a 360 degrees rotation of the sample and are analyzed in terms of the Friedel pairs ((hkl) and (hkl) reflections, observed 180 degrees apart in rotation). The resulting increase in the accuracy with which the diffraction vectors are determined allows the use of improved algorithms for grain indexing (assigning diffraction spots to the grains from which they arise) and reconstruction. The accuracy of the resulting grain maps is quantified with reference to synchrotron microtomography data for a specimen made from a beta titanium system in which a second phase can be precipitated at grain boundaries, thereby revealing the grain shapes. The simple changes introduced to the DCT methodology are equally applicable to other variants of grain mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ludwig
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS CNRS UMR 5510, 69621Villeurbanne, France
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25
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Abstract
Nondestructive three-dimensional mapping of grain shape, crystallographic orientation, and grain boundary geometry by diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) provides opportunities for the study of the interaction between intergranular stress corrosion cracking and microstructure. A stress corrosion crack was grown through a volume of sensitized austenitic stainless steel mapped with DCT and observed in situ by synchrotron tomography. Several sensitization-resistant crack-bridging boundaries were identified, and although they have special geometric properties, they are not the twin variant boundaries usually maximized during grain boundary engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A King
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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26
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Herbay AV, Möller P, Ludwig W, Otto HF. Neutropenische Enterokolitis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1066591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Aerobic activated sludge granules are dense, spherical biofilms which can strongly improve purification efficiency and sludge settling in wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the structure and development of different granule types were analyzed. Biofilm samples originated from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors which were operated with malthouse, brewery, and artificial wastewater. Scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy together with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allowed insights into the structure of these biofilms. Microscopic observation revealed that granules consist of bacteria, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), protozoa and, in some cases, fungi. The biofilm development, starting from an activated sludge floc up to a mature granule, follows three phases. During phase 1, stalked ciliated protozoa of the subclass Peritrichia, e.g., Epistylis spp., settle on activated sludge flocs and build tree-like colonies. The stalks are subsequently colonized by bacteria. During phase 2, the ciliates become completely overgrown by bacteria and die. Thereby, the cellular remnants of ciliates act like a backbone for granule formation. During phase 3, smooth, compact granules are formed which serve as a new substratum for unstalked ciliate swarmers settling on granule surfaces. These mature granules comprise a dense core zone containing bacterial cells and EPS and a loosely structured fringe zone consisting of either ciliates and bacteria or fungi and bacteria. Since granules can grow to a size of up to several millimeters in diameter, we developed and applied a modified FISH protocol for the study of cryosectioned biofilms. This protocol allows the simultaneous detection of bacteria, ciliates, and fungi in and on granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Weber
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, 85350 Freising, Germany.
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28
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Hignette O, Cloetens P, Morawe C, Borel C, Ludwig W, Bernard P, Rommeveaux A, Bohic S. Nanofocusing at ESRF Using Graded Multilayer Mirrors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2436179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Cloetens P, Bohic S, Borel C, Hignette O, Johnson G, Ludwig W, Mokso R, Morawe C, Ortega R, Tucoulou R. Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors used in high resolution X-ray microscopy, tomography and fluorescence analysis. Acta Crystallogr A 2006. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730609814x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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30
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Pereiro-López E, Ludwig W, Bellet D, Cloetens P, Lemaignan C. Direct evidence of nanometric invasionlike grain boundary penetration in the A(1)/Ga system. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:215501. [PMID: 16384153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the first in situ results of deformation during grain boundary penetration in the A(1)/Ga system, obtained with a novel, nondestructive hard x-ray synchrotron projection microscopy technique. Focusing the beam to a state-of-the-art spot size of 90 x 90 nm(2), we demonstrate that penetration is accompanied by continuous relative separation of the Al grains of the same final amplitude as the final Ga layer thickness in the absence of external stress. The formation of nanometric intergranular liquid layers is originated by a crack propagation process and inherently implies the presence of weak stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pereiro-López
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, France
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31
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Sinnett-Jones PE, Browne M, Ludwig W, Buffière JY, Sinclair I. Microtomography assessment of failure in acrylic bone cement. Biomaterials 2005; 26:6460-6. [PMID: 15967499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Micromechanical studies of fatigue and fracture processes in acrylic bone cement have been limited to surface examination techniques and indirect signal analysis. Observations may then be mechanically unrepresentative and/or affected by the presence of the free surface. To overcome such limiting factors the present study has utilised synchrotron X-ray microtomography for the observation of internal defects and failure processes that occurred within a commercial bone cement during loading. The high resolution and the edge detection capability (via phase contrast imaging) have enabled clear microstructural imaging of both strongly and weakly absorbing features, with an effective isotropic voxel size of 0.7 microm. Detailed assessment of fatigue damage processes in in vitro fatigue test specimens is also achieved. Present observations confirm a link with macroscopic failure and the presence of larger voids, at which crack initiation may be linked to the mechanical stress concentration set up by adjacent beads at pore surfaces. This study does not particularly support the suggested propensity for failure to occur via the inter-bead matrix; however crack deflections at matrix/bead interfaces and the incidence of crack arrest within beads do imply locally increased resistance to failure and potential improvements in global crack growth resistance via crack tip shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Sinnett-Jones
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, Southampton University, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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32
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Macián MC, Arahal DR, Garay E, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Pujalte MJ. Jannaschia rubra sp. nov., a red-pigmented bacterium isolated from sea water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:649-653. [PMID: 15774638 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, strictly aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from Mediterranean sea water near Valencia (Spain). Comparison of the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 4SM3T belonged to the Roseobacter group, with Jannaschia helgolandensis as its closest relative, with a similarity of 98·7 %. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis showed that the Mediterranean isolate had a level of relatedness of less than 42 % with J. helgolandensis and therefore that it represented a novel species of the genus Jannaschia. Phenotypic characteristics gave further evidence that the two organisms are not related at the species level. Isolate 4SM3T grows on solid media as irregular pink–red colonies that penetrate into the agar. Cells are rods, motile by a tuft of polar flagella. The DNA base composition is 64·6 mol% G+C. Morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from related species support the description of a novel species, Jannaschia rubra sp. nov., with strain 4SM3T (=CECT 5088T=DSM 16279T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Macián
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - D R Arahal
- Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT), Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - E Garay
- Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT), Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - W Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - K H Schleifer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - M J Pujalte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain
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33
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Pujalte MJ, Macián MC, Arahal DR, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Garay E. Nereida ignava gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel aerobic marine α-proteobacterium that is closely related to uncultured Prionitis (alga) gall symbionts. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:631-636. [PMID: 15774635 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, non-pigmented, strictly aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from Mediterranean sea water off the Spanish coast near Valencia. This strain was poorly reactive, being unable to grow in most carbon sources analysed in minimal medium. However, good growth was observed when more complex media and longer incubation times were used. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain 2SM4T within the Roseobacter group, in the vicinity of uncultured bacteria described as gall symbionts of several species of the red alga Prionitis. Sequence similarity values between strain 2SM4T and the closest neighbouring species were below 95·0 %. The cellular fatty acid composition of the Mediterranean strain confirmed its position within the ‘Alphaproteobacteria’, sharing 18 : 1ω7c as the major cellular fatty acid. The phylogenetic distance from any taxon with a validly published name and also a number of distinguishing features support the designation of strain 2SM4T as representing a novel genus and species, for which the name Nereida ignava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2SM4T (=CECT 5292T=DSM 16309T=CIP 108404T=CCUG 49433T).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pujalte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - M C Macián
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - D R Arahal
- Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT), Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - W Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - K H Schleifer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - E Garay
- Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT), Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain
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34
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Macián MC, Arahal DR, Garay E, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Pujalte MJ. Thalassobacter stenotrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine α-proteobacterium isolated from Mediterranean sea water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:105-110. [PMID: 15653862 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, strictly aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from Mediterranean sea water near Valencia (Spain). 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the isolate represented a separate branch within the α-3 subclass of the Proteobacteria, now included within the order ‘Rhodobacterales’. Jannaschia helgolandensis was the closest relative, but their low sequence similarity and other features indicated that they were not related at the genus level. Isolate 5SM22T produced bacteriochlorophyll a and grew on solid media as regular salmon-pink colonies. Cells are motile rods, with polar flagella. The DNA G+C content is 59·1 mol%. Morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from related, thus far known genera support the description of Thalassobacter stenotrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov. with strain 5SM22T (=CECT 5294T=DSM 16310T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Macián
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - D R Arahal
- Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT), Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - E Garay
- Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT), Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - W Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - K H Schleifer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - M J Pujalte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
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35
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Textor M, Ludwig W. Darstellung und spektroskopische Untersuchungen von Platinkomplexen, I. Interpretation der Spektren inverser Elektronentransfer- und Ligandenfeldübergänge von Platin (II)-Komplexen mit Halogenid und Stickstoffliganden. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19720550122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Abstract
We developed an improved method for cultivation-independent sorting of bacterial cells. The technique is based on labeling the target cells by in situ hybridization with polynucleotide transcript probes. Due to the probes' length, part of the probe remains outside the cell and can subsequently be used to capture the cells. Target cells are immobilized during a second hybridization step in microplates that are coated with DNA that is complementary to the probe sequence. The method was applied successfully to artificial mixtures of cells with polynucleotide probes targeting either rRNA, a plasmid-borne beta-lactamase gene, or a chromosome-borne glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene. Cells could be separated based on phylogenetic parameters (using rRNA-targeted probes) as well as on other DNA-encoded traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zwirglmaier
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany
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37
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Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes is a standard method for identification of microorganisms in environmental samples. Apart from its value as a phylogenetic marker ribosomal RNA has always been the favoured target molecule for FISH because of its abundance in all cells, whereas plasmids and DNA were regarded as unsuitable targets because of their low copy number. Here we present an improved FISH technique, which is based on polynucleotide probes. It goes beyond the detection of high copy intracellular nucleic acids such as rRNA (up to 10(4)-10(5) copies per cell) and allows for the first time the in situ detection of individual genes or gene fragments on plasmids (10(1)-10(3) copies per cell) and chromosomal DNA (<10 copies per cell) in a single cell. Using E. coli as model organism we were able to detect in situ cells harbouring the antibiotic resistance gene beta lactamase on high, medium and low copy plasmids as well as the chromosomal encoded housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Furthermore, we detected the prepilin peptidase gene xpsO in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris in situ. Because of the characteristic hybridization signal obtained with this method--a halo-like, ring-shaped concentration of fluorescence in the cell periphery--we coined the term RING-FISH (recognition of individual genes) to differentiate it from conventional FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zwirglmaier
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, 85350 Freising, Germany.
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38
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Springer N, Amann R, Ludwig W. The design and application of ribosomal RNA-targeted, fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for the identification of endosymbionts in protozoa. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 50:133-44. [PMID: 8751355 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-323-6:133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Springer
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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39
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Glöckner FO, Kube M, Bauer M, Teeling H, Lombardot T, Ludwig W, Gade D, Beck A, Borzym K, Heitmann K, Rabus R, Schlesner H, Amann R, Reinhardt R. Complete genome sequence of the marine planctomycete Pirellula sp. strain 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:8298-303. [PMID: 12835416 PMCID: PMC166223 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1431443100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirellula sp. strain 1 ("Rhodopirellula baltica") is a marine representative of the globally distributed and environmentally important bacterial order Planctomycetales. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a member of this independent phylum. With 7.145 megabases, Pirellula sp. strain 1 has the largest circular bacterial genome sequenced so far. The presence of all genes required for heterolactic acid fermentation, key genes for the interconversion of C1 compounds, and 110 sulfatases were unexpected for this aerobic heterotrophic isolate. Although Pirellula sp. strain 1 has a proteinaceous cell wall, remnants of genes for peptidoglycan synthesis were found. Genes for lipid A biosynthesis and homologues to the flagellar L- and P-ring protein indicate a former Gram-negative type of cell wall. Phylogenetic analysis of all relevant markers clearly affiliates the Planctomycetales to the domain Bacteria as a distinct phylum, but a deepest branching is not supported by our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. O. Glöckner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
.
Requests for sequencing details, sequences, and clones should go directly to
R. Reinhardt. E-mail:
| | - M. Kube
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - M. Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
.
Requests for sequencing details, sequences, and clones should go directly to
R. Reinhardt. E-mail:
| | - H. Teeling
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T. Lombardot
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - W. Ludwig
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - D. Gade
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - A. Beck
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - K. Borzym
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - K. Heitmann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - R. Rabus
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Schlesner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - R. Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - R. Reinhardt
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology,
Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany; Department of Microbiology, Technical
University Munich, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany; and
Department for General Microbiology, University
of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
.
Requests for sequencing details, sequences, and clones should go directly to
R. Reinhardt. E-mail:
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40
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Abstract
A bacterial strain, strain IMMIB R-5091(T), isolated from a cosmetic dye was characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of cell-wall chemotype IV and short-chain mycolic acids consistent with the genus Corynebacterium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolate constitutes a distinct subline within the genus Corynebacterium, displaying > 2.6% sequence divergence from established species. The isolate could be distinguished from other members of the genus Corynebacterium by biochemical tests. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that strain IMMIB R-5091(T) (= DSM 44530T = NRRL B-24142(T)) be classified as the type strain of a novel species, Corynebacterium glaucum sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Yassin
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - R M Kroppenstedt
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-24138 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie Technische Universität München, am Hochanger 4, 85350 Freising, Germany
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Neuhäusler U, Schneider G, Ludwig W, Hambach D. Phase contrast X-ray microscopy at 4 keV photon energy with 60 nm resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:20030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Kröckel L, Schillinger U, Franz CMAP, Bantleon A, Ludwig W. Lactobacillus versmoldensis sp. nov., isolated from raw fermented sausage. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:513-517. [PMID: 12710620 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus versmoldensis sp. nov. (KU-3T) was isolated from raw fermented sausages. The new species was present in high numbers, and frequently dominated the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations of the products. 16S rDNA sequence data revealed that the isolates are closely related to the species Lactobacillus kimchii DSM 13961T, Lactobacillus paralimentarius DSM 13238T, Lactobacillus alimentarius DSM 20249T and Lactobacillus farciminis DSM 20184T. DNA-DNA reassociation data, however, clearly distinguished the new isolates from these species; they showed a low degree of DNA relatedness with the type strains of this group of phylogenetically closely related lactobacilli. These results warrant separate species status for strain KU-3T, for which the name Lactobacillus versmoldensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KU-3T (=DSM 14857T =NCCB 100034T =ATCC BAA-478T).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kröckel
- Bundesanstalt für Fleischforschung, E.-C.-Baumannstr. 20, D-95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - U Schillinger
- Bundesforschungsanstalt für Ernährung, Haid- und Neustr. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C M A P Franz
- Bundesforschungsanstalt für Ernährung, Haid- und Neustr. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Bantleon
- VFG Labor GmbH & Co. KG, Nordfeldstr. 19, D-33775 Versmold, Germany
| | - W Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, TU München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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Hignette O, Cloetens P, Lee WK, Ludwig W, Rostaing G. Hard X-ray microscopy with reflecting mirrors status and perspectives of the ESRF technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:200300068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dugas M, Messerer D, Hasford J, Haferlach T, Heinze B, Ludwig W, Rieder H, Schoch R, Schwartz S, Thiel E. German multicenter study group for adult ALL (GMALL): recruitment in comparison to ALL incidence and its impact on study results. Ann Hematol 2003; 82:83-7. [PMID: 12601485 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-002-0585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2002] [Accepted: 10/25/2002] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to eligibility criteria not all patients with the disease under investigation can be recruited for therapeutic studies. Thus, the external validity of study results cannot per se be taken for granted. The representativity of the admitted patients is the most relevant determinant for external validity and has to be assessed. As an example we examined the representativity of the patients recruited for the German multicenter study group for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (GMALL). Lacking nationwide ALL incidence figures available in Germany, a methodology was developed to estimate incidence figures, too. All relevant study groups, hospitals, and diagnostic labs were asked to provide data about patients with ALL newly diagnosed between 1997 and 1998. A matching procedure was developed, as heterogeneous databases had to be pooled and checked for duplicates. Age- and sex-specific incidences of ALL were estimated and compared with the number of patients recruited for the GMALL in the same time period. The purpose was to develop a methodology for estimating incidence figures and evaluating the representativity of patients of the GMALL. The combination of various data sources allowed estimation of reliable incidence data for ALL in Germany. Comparisons with the incidence figures for ALL in other countries and crosschecks within Germany confirm our results. Sixty-two percent of all ALL patients in Germany were admitted to the GMALL study. The recruitment rate of more than 60% of the annual incidence of ALL to the GMALL suggests a high external validity as well as an impact of the study on the patterns of treatment and referral of ALL in adults in Germany. There is no selection bias of patients admitted to the GMALL compared to those patients not included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dugas
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, Germany.
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Altin D, Härtwig J, Köhler R, Ludwig W, Ohler M, Klein H. X-ray diffraction topography using a diffractometer with a bendable monochromator at a synchrotron radiation source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2002; 9:282-286. [PMID: 12200570 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049502010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2002] [Accepted: 06/10/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The different properties of laboratory- and synchrotron-based double-crystal setups for X-ray topographic applications are discussed as a basis for the realization of a versatile instrument allowing the investigation of all kinds of crystals with high strain sensitivity and without any reduction in image size. It appears that the use of a bendable highly perfect monochromator (silicon) achieves this goal, through the local adaptation of Bragg angles, to compensate either dispersion or a bending of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Altin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
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Cloetens P, Ludwig W, Boller E, Guigay JP, Peyrin F, Schlenker M, Baruchel J. Phase-contrast microtomography using coherent synchrotron radiation. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302087147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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47
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Abstract
A lipophilic, coryneform bacterium isolated from a human clinical specimen was characterized by phenotypic and molecular-taxonomic methods. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of cell-wall chemotype IV and short-chain mycolic acids consistent with the genus Corynebacterium. The isolate could be distinguished from other members of the genus Corynebacterium by positive urease and catalase tests as well as its failure to produce acid from carbohydrates. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that this isolate constitutes a distinct subline within the genus Corynebacterium, displaying >3.0% sequence divergence from other known Corynebacterium species. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that this isolate be classified as a novel species, Corynebacterium appendicis sp. nov., represented by strain IMMIB R-3491T (= DSM 44531T = NRRL B-24151T).
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Macián MC, Pujalte MJ, Márquez MC, Ludwig W, Ventosa A, Garay E, Schleifer KH. Gelidibacter mesophilus sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:1325-1329. [PMID: 12148647 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-4-1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic, marine bacteria, isolated from Mediterranean sea water off the coast near Valencia (Spain), were the object of this study. These non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped strains have been studied by means of DNA-DNA hybridization, 16S rRNA sequencing and cultural and physiological features. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both strains belong to the phylum Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides, and their closest neighbour is the psychrophilic bacterium Gelidibacter algens. The two strains differ from G. algens in their mesophilic behaviour, hydrolytic pattern and use of different carbon sources. There is 31% DNA-DNA hybridization between the proposed type strain and G. algens, and both isolates show 97.5% 16S rDNA similarity to G. algens. They represent a novel species of the genus Gelidibacter, for which the name Gelidibacter mesophilus sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 2SM29T (= CECT 5103T = DSM 14095T) as the type strain.
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Härtwig J, Köhler S, Ludwig W, Moriceau H, Ohler M, Prieur E. X-ray Diffraction Topography at a Synchrotron Radiation Source Applied to the Study of Bonded Silicon on Insulator Material. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und technische Kristallographie 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4079(200207)37:7<705::aid-crat705>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yassin AF, Steiner U, Ludwig W. Corynebacterium aurimucosum sp. nov. and emended description of Corynebacterium minutissimum Collins and Jones (1983). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:1001-1005. [PMID: 12054216 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-3-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two coryneform bacteria isolated from human clinical specimens were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of cell-wall chemotype IV and short-chain mycolic acids consistent with the genus Corynebacterium sensu stricto. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains are genealogically highly related (99.8% sequence similarity) and constitute a new subline within the genus Corynebacterium, with Corynebacterium minutissimum as their nearest phylogenetic neighbours (98.8% sequence similarity). However, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated unambiguously that the isolates are genealogically distinct from Corynebacterium minutissimum (42% homology). Biochemical testing indicated that the two isolates were hardly differentiated from Corynebacterium minutissimum. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence it is proposed that these isolates be classified as a new species, Corynebacterium aurimucosum sp. nov. The type strain of Corynebacterium aurimucosum is represented by strain IMMIB D-1488T (= DSM 44532T = NRRL B-24143T).
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