[Data analysis on HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance programs targeting community population in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, 2010-2015]

Objective: To investigate the epidemiologic and behavioral characteristics of HIV among community population in Liangshan prefecture. Methods: We collected social demographic, behavioral and serological information by means of the monitoring questionnaire and serological tests. Data was analyzed by using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: From April to June of 2010 to 2015, 14 092 cases of community population were selected as the study objects, with 267 cases diagnosed as HIV positive patients. The HIV positive rates were 3.24%, 3.07%, 1.17%, 1.38%,1.42% and 1.25%, respectively. We observed that when community population having the following characteristics as: living in Butuo country (OR=3.83), being males (OR=1.77), being Yi nationality (OR=4.40) being widowed (OR=28.57), with history of drug abuse (OR=3.71) or injecting drug use (PWID) (OR=4.92), or history of needle sharing among PWID (OR=8.53), were under higher risks for HIV infection. With histories as: having had secondary or above levels of schooling (OR=0.59), having protected sex with regular partners (OR=0.21) and with non-regular partners (OR=0.46), they seemed to be somehow protected for getting HIV infection. Conclusion: The positive HIV rates of HIV among community population in Dechang, Ningnan and Butuo varied from 0.10% to 8.77% while the HIV transmission among general population remained challenging.

[A study on diaphragm function after interscalene brachial plexus block using a fixed dose of ropivacaine with different concentrations]

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effect of interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) on the incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis, respiratory function and post-operative pain control using same dosage of local anesthetics diluted into two different volume and concentrations.

METHODS

Approved by the Peking University Third Hospital ethics committee, sixty patients undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery in Peking University Third Hospital from November 2013 to April 2014 were randomly allocated into two groups according to random number table method: before induction of general anesthesia, ultrasound-guided ISBPB was performed using 0.5% ropivacaine 10 ml (Group A) or 0.25% ropivacaine 20 ml (Group B). The incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis, respiratory function and reduction of pulse oxygen saturation at 30 min post-block were recorded and analyzed.Patients were interviewed at 4, 8 and 24 h after block for numerical rating pain score, rescue analgesics requirement and sleep quality.

RESULTS

There were no statistically differences between group A and group B for the incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis at 30 min after block (67% vs 70%, χ(2)=0.077, P>0.05). The change of forced vital capacity ((78±16)% vs (80±18)%, t=0.435, P>0.05), the change of forced expiratory volume in 1 second ((85±16)% vs (78±22)%, t=1.472, P>0.05) and the reduction of pulse oxygen saturation (1(0-3)% vs 2(0-3)%, Z=-0.538, P>0.05) showed no significant differences between the two groups at 30 min after block.There were no statistically differences in terms of the numerical rating pain score, rescue analgesics requirement and sleep quality at 4, 8 and 24 h after block (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of 0.5% and 0.25% ropivacaine 50 mg for interscalene block provides similar effect on the incidence of diaphragmatic paralysis, changes in respiratory function and postoperative analgesia.