1
|
Ding HT, Huang WP, Mukherjee S, Petreczky P. Microscopic Encoding of Macroscopic Universality: Scaling Properties of Dirac Eigenspectra near QCD Chiral Phase Transition. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:161903. [PMID: 37925721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.161903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic properties of the strong interaction near its chiral phase transition exhibit scaling behaviors, which are the same as those observed close to the magnetic transition in a three-dimensional classical spin system with O(4) symmetry. We show that the universal scaling properties of the chiral phase transition in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at the macroscale are, in fact, encoded within the microscopic energy levels of its fundamental constituents, the quarks. We establish a connection between the cumulants of the chiral order parameter, i.e., the chiral condensate, and the correlations among the energy levels of quarks, i.e., the eigenspectra of the massless QCD Dirac operator. This relation elucidates how the fluctuations of the chiral condensate arise from the correlations within the infrared part of the energy spectra of quarks, and naturally leads to a generalization of the Banks-Casher relation for the cumulants of the chiral condensate. Then, through (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD calculations with varying light quark masses near the QCD chiral transition, we demonstrate that the correlations among the infrared part of the Dirac eigenvalue spectra exhibit same universal scaling behaviors as expected of the cumulants of the chiral condensate. We find that these universal scaling behaviors extend up to the physical values of the up and down quark masses. Our study reveals how the hidden scaling features at the microscale give rise to the macroscopic universal properties of QCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-T Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - W-P Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Swagato Mukherjee
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Petreczky
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen YX, Erigene XY, Wu K, Huang WP, Yu SH, Chen HY, Ye AH, Zhang FB, Tao F. [Emotional and behavioral problems associated with sleep problems in preschool aged children]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 38:1191-1196. [PMID: 28910930 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether sleep problems are related to both emotional and behavioral problems in children aged 3-6 years. Methods: A large cross-sectional study was conducted in Anqing, Wuhu, Tongling and Yangzhou from March to June 2015. A total of 8 900 preschool aged children were included. Sleep problems were obtained by using adapted BISQ completed by the parents or the people who took care of children. Emotional and behavioral problems of the children were accessed by using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and multivariate logistic regression model was used for statistical analyses. Results: The detected rates of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, peer problems, total difficulties and prosocial behavior in preschool aged children were 9.0%, 13.9%, 18.9%, 25.5%, 13.6% and 16.2% respectively. All the detected rates were higher in boys than in girls except the higher rate of emotional symptoms. The proportions of children with high sleep quality, moderate sleep quality and poor or worse sleep quality were 3.9%, 52.9% and 43.2% respectively. After controlling the confounding factors of demographic variables, including gender, age, delivery mode, birth weight, birth height and patent's educational level, multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, peer problems, total difficulties and prosocial behavior in children with longer sleep duration was lower than that in children with shorter sleep duration, the ORs were 0.86 (95%CI: 0.77-0.95), 0.85 (95%CI: 0.78-0.93), 0.85 (95%CI: 0.79-0.92), 0.87(95%CI: 0.81-0.93), 0.83 (95%CI: 0.76-0.91) and 0.82 (95%CI: 0.76-0.89) respectively. Compared with the children with good sleep quality, the risk of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, peer problems, total difficulties and prosocial behavior were higher in children with poor or worse sleep quality, the ORs were 3.26 (95%CI: 2.40-4.42), 2.86 (95%CI: 2.16-3.78), 2.60 (95%CI: 2.00-3.38), 1.96 (95%CI: 1.52-2.54), 4.02 (95%CI: 3.06-5.27) and 2.56 (95%CI: 1.96-3.35) respectively. Conclusion: There was a negative impact of shorter sleep and poor or worse sleep on emotional and behavioral problems of preschool aged children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y X Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - X Y Erigene
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - K Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Population Health and Eugenics, Hefei 230601, China
| | - W P Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Population Health and Eugenics, Hefei 230601, China
| | - S H Yu
- Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - H Y Chen
- Tongling Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tongling 244000, China
| | - A H Ye
- Anqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Anqing 246000, China
| | - F B Zhang
- Wuhu Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Population Health and Eugenics, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang XX, Wang RX, Lin Q, Chen W, Pan Y, Wang SQ, Weng ZL, Huang WP. Inhibitory effects of 2-methoxyestradiol on cell growth and invasion in human bladder cancer T-24 cells. Pharmazie 2018; 72:87-90. [PMID: 29441858 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2017.6839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) has been considered to be a potential anticancer agent but has not been investigated in bladder cancer. This study was conducted to clarify the role of 2-ME in bladder cancer cells. The bladder cancer cell line T-24 was treated with 2 μm 2-ME for 2 d. The T-24 cell viability, colony formation, invasion and apoptosis were observed in 2-ME-treated and control cells. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then western blotting assay was applied to assess expressions of HIF-1α and apoptosis factors caspase-3 and Bcl-x proteins. The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α in 2-ME-treated T-24 cells were remarkably lower than that of the control cells (P < 0.05). Treatment of 2-ME could significantly inhibit T-24 the cell viability, colony formation, invasion, and promote apoptosis (all P < 0.05). In addition, the protein expression of Caspase-3 was higher and that of Bcl-x protein was lower after administration of 2-ME compared to control (both P < 0.05). Collectively, we characterized the efficacy of 2-ME on bladder cancer T-24 cells as being mediated by inhibition of cell viability, colony fomation, invasion and promoting cell apoptosis, which may be achieved by suppressing HIF-1α levels. This study suggests 2-ME as a potential drug for bladder cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kao C, Chao A, Tsai CL, Chuang WC, Huang WP, Chen GC, Lin CY, Wang TH, Wang HS, Lai CH. Bortezomib enhances cancer cell death by blocking the autophagic flux through stimulating ERK phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1510. [PMID: 25375375 PMCID: PMC4260726 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of an inhibitor of 26S proteasome bortezomib (Velcade) has been observed in various malignancies, including colon cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Bortezomib has been proposed to stimulate autophagy, but scientific observations did not always support this. Interactions between ERK activity and autophagy are complex and not completely clear. Autophagy proteins have recently been shown to regulate the functions of ERK, and ERK activation has been found to induce autophagy. On the other hand, sustained activation of ERK has also been shown to inhibit the maturation step of the autophagy process. In this study, we sought to identify the mechanism of autophagy regulation in cancer cells treated with bortezomib. Our results indicate that bortezomib blocked the autophagic flux without inhibiting the fusion of the autophagosome and lysosome. In ovarian cancer, as well as endometrial cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, bortezomib inhibited protein degradation in lysosomes by suppressing cathepsins, which requires the participation of ERK phosphorylation, but not JNK or p38. Our findings that ERK phosphorylation reduced cathepsins further explain how ERK phosphorylation inhibits the autophagic flux. In conclusion, bortezomib may induce ERK phosphorylation to suppress cathepsin B and inhibit the catalytic process of autophagy in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors. The inhibition of cisplatin-induced autophagy by bortezomib can enhance chemotherapy efficacy in ovarian cancer. As we also found that bortezomib blocks the autophagic flux in other cancers, the synergistic cytotoxic effect of bortezomib by abolishing chemotherapy-related autophagy may help us develop strategies of combination therapies for multiple cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kao
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - A Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-L Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - W-C Chuang
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - W-P Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - G-C Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - T-H Wang
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan [3] Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan [4] School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H-S Wang
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sadeghi SM, Deng L, Li X, Huang WP. Plasmonic (thermal) electromagnetically induced transparency in metallic nanoparticle-quantum dot hybrid systems. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:365401. [PMID: 19687539 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/36/365401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the application of an infrared laser to control heat dissipation in a metallic nanoparticle when it is in the vicinity of a semiconductor quantum dot. The infrared laser is considered to be near-resonant with two of the conduction states of the quantum dot, coherently mixing them together. Via exciton-plasmon coupling, this process normalizes the internal field of the metallic nanoparticle, forming a plasmonic (thermal) electromagnetically induced transparency. When this process happens the metallic nanoparticle becomes nearly completely non-dissipative around its plasmon frequency, while it remains strongly dissipative at other frequencies. We show that, by adjusting the intensity of the infrared laser, one can control the transparency window width and optical Stark shift associated with such a process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is implicated in chronic heart failure (CHF). In this study, the potential inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) activator fenofibrate on monocyte adhesion in CHF patients was investigated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 36 patients (aged 65 +/- 8 years) with symptomatic CHF and from 12 healthy control subjects. The cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with or without 2 ng mL(-1) tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the inhibitory effects of fenofibrate at 25, 50, 100 and 200 microM on endothelial mononuclear cell adhesion were tested. Furthermore, the HAECs were stimulated with 70% sera obtained from CHF patients and control individuals, respectively, with or without pretreatments with fenofibrate. The endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was then confirmed by mRNA expression and Western blot. RESULTS We found that the increased adhesion of PBMCs to TNF-alpha-stimulated HAECs in CHF patients was reduced when the HAECs were pretreated with fenofibrate (31% inhibition, P = 0.0121). However, pretreatment of the isolated PBMCs collected from CHF patients with fenofibrate failed to suppress their adherence to TNF-alpha-stimulated HAECs. Furthermore, stimulation of cultured HAECs with CHF patient sera significantly increased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, which could also be inhibited by fenofibrate. CONCLUSIONS The fenofibrate directly inhibits monocyte binding by TNF-alpha-activated HAECs, probably through preventing up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules by endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. This PPARalpha activator may have the potential to ameliorate vascular inflammation in patients with CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W P Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng-Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang PX, Wu F, Zhu BL, Li GR, Wang YL, Gao XP, Zhu HY, Yan TY, Huang WP, Zhang SM, Song DY. Praseodymium Hydroxide and Oxide Nanorods and Au/Pr6O11 Nanorod Catalysts for CO Oxidation. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:1614-20. [PMID: 16471724 DOI: 10.1021/jp055622r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Praseodymium hydroxide nanorods were synthesized by a two-step approach: First, metallic praseodymium was used to form praseodymium chloride, which reacted subsequently with KOH solution to produce praseodymium hydroxide. In the second step the hydroxide was treated with a concentrated alkaline solution at 180 degrees C for 45 h, yielding nanorods as shown by the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images. The results of X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy experiments indicate that these nanorods are pure praseodymium hydroxide with a hexagonal structure, which can be converted into praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) nanorods of a face-centered cubic structure after calcination at 600 degrees C for 2 h in air. Gold was loaded on the praseodymium oxide nanorods using HAuCl4 as the gold source, and NaBH4 was used to reduce the gold species to metallic nanoparticles with sizes of 8-12 nm on the nanorod surface. These Au/Pr6O11 nanorods exhibit superior catalytic activity for CO oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P X Huang
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang PX, Wu F, Zhu BL, Gao XP, Zhu HY, Yan TY, Huang WP, Wu SH, Song DY. CeO2 Nanorods and Gold Nanocrystals Supported on CeO2 Nanorods as Catalyst. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:19169-74. [PMID: 16853472 DOI: 10.1021/jp052978u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation mechanism of uniform CeO2 structure at the nanometer scale via a wet-chemical reaction is of great interest in fundamental study as well as a variety of applications. In this work, large-scale well-crystallized CeO2 nanorods with uniform diameters in the range of 20-30 nm and lengths up to tens of micrometers are first synthesized through a hydrothermal synthetic route in 5 M KOH solution at 180 degrees C for 45 h without any templates and surfactants. The nanorod formation involves dehydration of CeO2 nanoparticles and orientation growth along the 110 direction in KOH solution. Subsequently, gold nanoparticles with crystallite sizes between 10 and 20 nm are loaded on the surface of CeO2 nanorods using HAuCl4 solution as the gold source and NaBH4 solution as a reducing agent. The synthesized Au/CeO2 nanorods demonstrate a higher catalytic activity in CO oxidation than the pure CeO2 nanorods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P X Huang
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chan P, Huang WP, Liu JC, Chen YJ, Cheng JT. Changes in superoxide dismutase activity and mRNA in vivo after short-term supplementation with trilinolein in rats. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2000; 63:355-60. [PMID: 10862444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage plays a central role in atherogenesis and antioxidation defense mechanisms may prevent atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the effect of short-term supplementation of the natural lipophilic antioxidant trilinolein on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and SOD-mRNA gene expression in vivo in rat vital organs. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 8) were injected intraperitoneally with trilinolein (1 mM/ml/kg/day in 0.5% ethanol) daily for three consecutive days. Two control groups (n = 8) were administered saline or 0.5% ethanol in saline, respectively, for three days. RESULTS Assay of SOD activity and SOD-mRNA by Northern blotting in rat liver, spleen and brain showed significant increases in SOD activity and increased SOD-mRNA gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The natural lipophilic antioxidant trilinolein potentiates the SOD antioxidation defense mechanism and increases gene expression of SOD-mRNA after short-term supplementation in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang WP, Scott SV, Kim J, Klionsky DJ. The itinerary of a vesicle component, Aut7p/Cvt5p, terminates in the yeast vacuole via the autophagy/Cvt pathways. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:5845-51. [PMID: 10681575 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidase I (API) is delivered to the yeast vacuole by one of two alternative pathways, cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) or autophagy, depending on nutrient conditions. Genetic, morphological, and biochemical studies indicate that the two pathways share many of the same molecular components. The Cvt pathway functions during vegetative growth, while autophagy is induced during starvation. Both pathways involve the formation of cytosolic vesicles that fuse with the vacuole. In either case, the mechanism of vesicle formation is not known. Autophagic uptake displays a greater capacity for cytosolic protein sequestration. This suggests the involvement of an inducible protein(s) that allows the vesicle-forming machinery to adapt to the increased degradative needs of the cell. We have analyzed the biosynthesis of Aut7p, a protein required for both pathways. We find Aut7p expression is induced by nitrogen starvation. Aut7p is degraded by a process dependent on both proteinase A and Cvt/autophagy components. Protease accessibility assays demonstrate that Aut7p is located within vesicles in strains defective in vesicle delivery or breakdown. Finally, the aut7/cvt5 mutant accumulates precursor API at a stage prior to vesicle completion. These data suggest that Aut7p is induced during autophagy and delivered to the vacuole together with precursor API by Cvt/autophagic vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W P Huang
- Section of Microbiology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan P, Huang TY, Chen YJ, Huang WP, Liu YC. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of vitamin B complex in the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps in elderly patients with hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 38:1151-4. [PMID: 11301568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal leg cramps is a common and troublesome problem in elderly individuals, and their etiology is unknown. Treatment with quinine is a common practice, but the effectiveness of the drug is doubtful and adverse drug effects are common. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vitamin B complex capsules (fursulthiamine 50 mg, hydroxocobalamin 250 micrograms, pyridoxal phosphate 30 mg, and riboflavin 5 mg) in 28 elderly patients with hypertension who had severe nocturnal leg cramps that disturbed their sleep. Self-reported ratings of leg cramp frequency, duration, and intensity were used to evaluate severity of nocturnal leg cramps. Both the patients taking vitamin B capsules (n = 14) and those taking placebo (n = 14) received medications three times daily, and were examined regularly at 2-week intervals for 3 months. After 3 months, 86% of the patients taking vitamin B had prominent remission of leg cramps, whereas those taking placebo had no significant difference from baseline. Treatment with vitamin B complex significantly reduced the frequency, intensity, and duration of nocturnal leg cramps. Because quinine is not without potential for side effects, and vitamin B complex is a relatively safe and effective alternative, clinicians should reconsider the treatment of choice for nocturnal leg cramps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taipei Medical College, Taipei Wan Fang Hospital, No. 111, Hsin Lung Road, Section 3, Wen Shan, Taipei, Taiwan 117
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chan P, Xu DY, Liu JC, Chen YJ, Tomlinson B, Huang WP, Cheng JT. The effect of stevioside on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998; 63:1679-84. [PMID: 9806223 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside is a sweet-tasting glycoside, composed of stevia, a diterpenic carboxylic alcohol with three glucose molecules, mainly used as a substitute for non-alcoholic sweetener. It has previously been shown to reduce blood pressure in studies in animals and human. The effect of intravenous stevioside on the blood pressure was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The hypotensive effect on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was dose-dependent for intravenous doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg in conscious SHR. The maximum reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 31.4 +/- 4.2% and 40.8 +/- 5.6% (mean +/- SEM) respectively and the hypotensive effect lasted for more than 60 min with a dose of 200 mg/kg. Serum dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were not changed significantly 60 min after intravenous injection of stevioside 100 mg/kg in anesthetized SHR. The present data show that stevioside given intravenously to conscious SHR was effective in blood pressure reduction and there was no change in serum catecholamines in anaesthetized animals with this natural compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taipei Medical College Hospital and affiliated Taipei Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Little BE, Wu C, Huang WP. Synthesis of ideal window filter response in grating-assisted couplers. Opt Lett 1996; 21:725-727. [PMID: 19876138 DOI: 10.1364/ol.21.000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing ideal windowlike spectral response in codirectional grating-assisted couplers is considered. The method of variational optimization is used to design couplers theoretically with near 100% power transfer efficiency over the passband width and with sidelobes suppressed to -40 dB. The physical role of the pi-phase-reversal sections for passband f lattening is explained.
Collapse
|
14
|
Little BE, Wu C, Huang WP. Synthesis of codirectional couplers with ultralow sidelobes and minimum bandwidth. Opt Lett 1995; 20:1259-1261. [PMID: 19859492 DOI: 10.1364/ol.20.001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A general variational optimization procedure is used to synthesize codirectional couplers with arbitrary sidelobe suppression down to -125 dB. Apodization shapes yielding sidelobe levels over the range of -40 dB to -75 dB are given by a single design formula. The limiting performance in terms of sidelobe suppression versus the bandwidth of passive evanescent-type couplers is found.
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang WP. Polarization corrections of dispersion characteristics of optical waveguides. Opt Lett 1990; 15:1052-1054. [PMID: 19770994 DOI: 10.1364/ol.15.001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The polarization corrections to optical waveguide dispersion characteristics from the scalar wave equations are calculated by an improved perturbation formula and a vector variational expression. More-accurate predictions than with the conventional first-order perturbation theory are demonstrated.
Collapse
|
16
|
Haus HA, Huang WP, Snyder AW. Coupled-mode formulations. Opt Lett 1989; 14:1222-1224. [PMID: 19759641 DOI: 10.1364/ol.14.001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vector coupled-mode theory is extended beyond the conventional first-order treatment. Good results are obtained from the extended theory in the case of waveguides with large index discontinuity.
Collapse
|