1
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Wuelfing WP, El Marrouni A, Lipert MP, Daublain P, Kesisoglou F, Converso A, Templeton AC. Dose Number as a Tool to Guide Lead Optimization for Orally Bioavailable Compounds in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1685-1694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Peter Wuelfing
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Maya P. Lipert
- AbbVie, Inc., 1401 Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Pierre Daublain
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | | | - Antonella Converso
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Allen C. Templeton
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
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2
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Mozziconacci O, Subelzu N, Schöneich C, Liu Y, Abend A, Wuelfing WP. Probing Protein Conformation Destabilization in Sterile Liquid Formulations through the Formation of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3783-3793. [PMID: 32910663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the use of a fluorescent probe to screen protein conformational changes in mixtures of monoclonal antibodies and determine the region of where such changes may originate through a footprinting mass spectrometry approach. The oxidative stress of mixtures of two different immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4) performed in the presence of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride) results in sequence-specific tyrosine oxidation reactions depending on the time of incubation of the IgG molecules and the nature of the excipients present in the formulation. The combination of a fluorescence assay, based on the detection of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and mass spectrometry analyses, permits the identification of protein conformation changes. In a mixture of IgG2 and IgG4, a destabilization of IgG4 in the presence of IgG2 is observed. The destabilized region involves the Fab region of IgG4 between Tyr63 and Tyr81 and potentially multiple regions of IgG2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Subelzu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andreas Abend
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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3
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Sheng H, Kim D, Chin AS, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Katwaru R, Bateman KP, Abend A, Wuelfing WP. Development of an automated and High throughput UHPLC/MS based workflow for cleaning verification of potent compounds in the pharmaceutical manufacturing environment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113401. [PMID: 32563056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning verification (CV) is a critical step in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process to eliminate or reduce unacceptable contamination of a product as a result of insufficiently cleaned equipment surfaces. The main concern is cross contamination with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from previous runs that may impact patient safety. Current conventional approaches involve rather tedious sample preparation and analytical methods with relative lengthy analysis time. Potent APIs possessing low acceptable daily intake (ADI) values require analytical methods for CV with very low detection limits to confirm that these APIs are below their acceptance limits prior to the next manufacturing process. In this work, a novel end to end CV workflow was developed, which includes the automated sample and calibration solution preparation as well as high throughput analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry in multiple injection chromatography and selected ion monitoring mode (MIC-MS-SIM). The method was validated using ten model compounds. Acceptable specificity, linearity (R2 > 0.997) and single digit ng/mL LOQ and LOD were achieved for all model compounds. This approach was also successfully applied to the analysis of 22 internal CV samples from an internal program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Sheng
- Analytical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
| | - Dae Kim
- Analytical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alexander S Chin
- Preformulation, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yuejie Zhao
- Analytical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Analytical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ravi Katwaru
- Pharmacokinetics,Pharmacodynamics, & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- Pharmacokinetics,Pharmacodynamics, & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, United States
| | - Andreas Abend
- Analytical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - W Peter Wuelfing
- Analytical Science, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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4
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Socia A, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Abend A, Wuelfing WP. Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection/UV method for the quantitation of linear polyethylenimines in oligonucleotide polyplexes. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3876-3884. [PMID: 32786026 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Linear polyethylenimines are polycationic excipients that have found many pharmaceutical applications, including as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy through formation of polyplexes with oligonucleotides. Accurate quantitation of linear polyethylenimines in both starting solution and formulation containing oligonucleotide/polyethylenimine polyplexes is critical. Existing methods using spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry time-of-flight, or nuclear magnetic resonance are either complex or suffer from low selectivity. Here, the development and performance of a simple analytical method is described whereby linear polyethylenimines are resolved by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quantified using either a charged aerosol detector or an ultraviolet detector. For formulated oligonucleotide/polyethylenimine polyplexes, sample preparation through decomplexation/digestion by trifluoroacetic acid was necessary to eliminate separation interference. The method can be used not only to support formulation development but also to monitor the synthesis/purification and characterization of linear polyethylenimines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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5
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Nanda KK, Ginnetti A, Wuelfing WP. Base-Mediated Oxidative Degradation of Secondary Amides Derived from p-Amino Phenol to Primary Amides in Drug Molecules. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3394-3403. [PMID: 32758546 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common functional groups encountered in drug molecules is the amide, and the most common degradation pathway for amides is base-mediated hydrolysis to its constituent amine and carboxylic acid. Herein, we report for the first time, a base-mediated oxidative degradation pathway of secondary amides to primary amides. This transformation also represents a novel synthetic methodology, reported for the first time in this work, in transforming secondary amides to primary amides without using any oxidative reagents. The introduction of this mechanism into the pharmaceutical literature is important given that the mechanism and required reactants are present to carry out the chemistry in dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik K Nanda
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Anthony Ginnetti
- Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - W Peter Wuelfing
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Rudd ND, Helmy R, Dormer PG, Williamson RT, Wuelfing WP, Walsh PL, Reibarkh M, Forrest WP. Probing in Vitro Release Kinetics of Long-Acting Injectable Nanosuspensions via Flow-NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:530-540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Rudd
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Roy Helmy
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Peter G. Dormer
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - R. Thomas Williamson
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - W. Peter Wuelfing
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Paul L. Walsh
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - William P. Forrest
- Sterile Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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7
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Socia A, Liu Y, Abend A, Wuelfing WP. Mechanistic understanding of abnormal reverse phase chromatographic behavior of basic analytes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Nanda KK, Mozziconacci O, Small J, Allain LR, Helmy R, Wuelfing WP. Enrichment of Relevant Oxidative Degradation Products in Pharmaceuticals With Targeted Chemoselective Oxidation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1466-1475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Allain LR, Pierce BC, Wuelfing WP, Templeton AC, Helmy R. In-Use Photostability Practice and Regulatory Evaluation for Pharmaceutical Products in an Age of Light-Emitting Diode Light Sources. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1172-1176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Li Y, Liu Y, Gao H, Helmy R, Wuelfing WP, Welch CJ, Cooks RG. Accelerated Forced Degradation of Pharmaceuticals in Levitated Microdroplet Reactors. Chemistry 2018; 24:7349-7353. [PMID: 29653016 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Li
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Analytical Sciences, MRLMerck & Co., Inc. West Point PA 19446 USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Analytical Research & Development, MRLMerck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Roy Helmy
- Department of Analytical Sciences, MRLMerck & Co., Inc. West Point PA 19446 USA
| | - W. Peter Wuelfing
- Department of Analytical Sciences, MRLMerck & Co., Inc. West Point PA 19446 USA
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Department of Analytical Research & Development, MRLMerck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of ChemistryPurdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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11
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Forrest WP, Mackey MA, Shah VM, Hassell KM, Shah P, Wylie JL, Gopinath J, Balderhaar H, Li L, Wuelfing WP, Helmy R. Mixed Reality Meets Pharmaceutical Development. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3438-3441. [PMID: 28870539 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As science evolves, the need for more efficient and innovative knowledge transfer capabilities becomes evident. Advances in drug discovery and delivery sciences have directly impacted the pharmaceutical industry, though the added complexities have not shortened the development process. These added complexities also make it difficult for scientists to rapidly and effectively transfer knowledge to offset the lengthened drug development timelines. While webcams, camera phones, and iPads have been explored as potential new methods of real-time information sharing, the non-"hands-free" nature and lack of viewer and observer point-of-view render them unsuitable for the R&D laboratory or manufacturing setting. As an alternative solution, the Microsoft HoloLens mixed-reality headset was evaluated as a more efficient, hands-free method of knowledge transfer and information sharing. After completing a traditional method transfer between 3 R&D sites (Rahway, NJ; West Point, PA and Schnachen, Switzerland), a retrospective analysis of efficiency gain was performed through the comparison of a mock method transfer between NJ and PA sites using the HoloLens. The results demonstrated a minimum 10-fold gain in efficiency, weighing in from a savings in time, cost, and the ability to have real-time data analysis and discussion. In addition, other use cases were evaluated involving vendor and contract research/manufacturing organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Forrest
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065.
| | - Megan A Mackey
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Vivek M Shah
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Kerry M Hassell
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Division, ThermoFisher Scientific, Somerset, New Jersey 08873
| | - Prashant Shah
- IT Architecture, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Jennifer L Wylie
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | | | - Henning Balderhaar
- Analytical Development Commercialization-Pharm, MMD, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Schachen, Switzerland
| | - Li Li
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - W Peter Wuelfing
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Roy Helmy
- Analytical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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12
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Skudlarek JW, DiMarco CN, Babaoglu K, Roecker AJ, Bruno JG, Pausch MA, O'Brien JA, Cabalu TD, Stevens J, Brunner J, Tannenbaum PL, Wuelfing WP, Garson SL, Fox SV, Savitz AT, Harrell CM, Gotter AL, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ, Kuduk SD, Coleman PJ. Investigation of orexin-2 selective receptor antagonists: Structural modifications resulting in dual orexin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1364-1370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Harmon P, Galipeau K, Xu W, Brown C, Wuelfing WP. Mechanism of Dissolution-Induced Nanoparticle Formation from a Copovidone-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersion. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1467-81. [PMID: 27019407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Harmon
- Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kendra Galipeau
- Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Formulation Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Chad Brown
- Formulation Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - W. Peter Wuelfing
- Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Wuelfing WP, Daublain P, Kesisoglou F, Templeton A, McGregor C. Preclinical Dose Number and Its Application in Understanding Drug Absorption Risk and Formulation Design for Preclinical Species. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1031-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500504q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Daublain
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | - Caroline McGregor
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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15
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Wuelfing WP, Kwong E, Higgins J. Identification of Suitable Formulations for High Dose Oral Studies in Rats Using In Vitro Solubility Measurements, the Maximum Absorbable Dose Model, and Historical Data Sets. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1163-74. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Peter Wuelfing
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Elizabeth Kwong
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John Higgins
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Li Z, Jacobus LK, Wuelfing WP, Golden M, Martin GP, Reed RA. Detection and quantification of low-molecular-weight aldehydes in pharmaceutical excipients by headspace gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1104:1-10. [PMID: 16376911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effect of reactive chemical residues on the quality of drug products has necessitated the determination of low-molecular-weight aldehydes in pharmaceutical excipients. An analytical methodology for the detection of trace amounts of C1-C8 aliphatic aldehydes and benzaldehyde in excipients is described. The proposed procedure is based on the derivatization of aldehydes in aqueous solution with O-2,3,4,5,6-(pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA), followed by static headspace gas chromatographic (SHS-GC) analysis of PFBHA aldehyde oximes with negative chemical ionization (NCI) MS detection. The method developed was demonstrated to be simple, selective, sensitive, and was successfully applied to the screening of aldehydes at sub-microg/g levels in over 30 typical excipients. The most abundant aldehydes found in the samples were formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, for which a rapid and reliable routine quantification method by readily available SHS-GC instrumentation coupled with flame-ionization detection was also developed and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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17
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Wuelfing WP, Kosuda K, Templeton AC, Harman A, Mowery MD, Reed RA. Polysorbate 80 UV/vis spectral and chromatographic characteristics--defining boundary conditions for use of the surfactant in dissolution analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:774-82. [PMID: 16517110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an additive to enhance the solubility of non-polar compounds in formulation design and during dissolution analysis. In this paper we present the spectroscopic and chromatographic characteristics for a series of commercially available sources of this non-ionic surfactant. The large UV/vis absorbance and broad chromatographic elution of Polysorbate 80 often makes it difficult to accurately quantitate pharmaceutically active compounds in solutions where the surfactant is present. Boundary conditions have been established where analytical interferences can be avoided in spectrophotometric analysis by choice of analysis wavelength and solution concentrations. Chromatographic method development is also presented enabling the removal of Polysorbate interference in instances where spectroscopic interference is too great.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Peter Wuelfing
- Merck Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Analysis and Control, West Point, PA 19486, United States.
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18
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Fliszar KA, Wuelfing WP, Li Z, Reed RA. Profiling of medium chain glycerides used in pharmaceutical formulation development by reversed-phase HPLC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 40:896-900. [PMID: 16257166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Medium chain length (C8, C10) mono-, di- and triacylglycerols (MCGs) are used in pharmaceutical formulation development of poorly soluble compounds, as a means to increase their oral bioavailability. The ratios of C8 and C10 fatty acid components along with the ratio of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides can significantly impact overall solubilizing characteristics both in vitro and in vivo. Existing literature methods either do not have the desired selectivity or simplicity to adequately characterize these MCGs. A reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed utilizing a Waters Symmetry C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.5 microm particle size) column with a gradient of acetonitrile and water. The effluent was monitored using a UV detector at 220 nm and relative response factors were determined for all components with available standards to allow for accurate quantitation. The RP-HPLC method was optimized for selectivity, sensitivity and efficiency and was successfully applied to the characterization of commercial samples yielding superior sensitivity and ease of preparation compared to existing compendial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Fliszar
- Merck and Co., Sumneytown Pike, Merck Research Laboratories, WP78-210, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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20
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Abend AM, Chung L, McCollum DG, Wuelfing WP. Development and validation of an automated extraction method (accelerated solvent extraction) and a reverse-phase HPLC analysis method for assay of ivermectin in a meat-based chewable formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:1177-83. [PMID: 12667933 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new method for monitoring ivermectin content in HEARTGARD CHEWABLES has been developed and validated. The method consists of the automated extraction of ivermectin from the meat-based formulation under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure (accelerated solvent extraction, ASE, and determination of the active by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method resolves both active species of ivermectin (components H(2)B(1a) and H(2)B(1b)) from the formulation matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Abend
- Merck & Co, Inc, Merck Research Laboratories, Sumneytown Pike, Mail Stop WP 78-210, West Point, PA 9486, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Peter Wuelfing
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Royce W. Murray
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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22
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Kohlmann O, Steinmetz WE, Mao XA, Wuelfing WP, Templeton AC, Murray RW, Johnson CS. NMR Diffusion, Relaxation, and Spectroscopic Studies of Water Soluble, Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011123o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Kohlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Wayne E. Steinmetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Xi-An Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - W. Peter Wuelfing
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Allen C. Templeton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Royce W. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Charles S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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Wuelfing WP, Green SJ, Pietron JJ, Cliffel DE, Murray RW. Electronic Conductivity of Solid-State, Mixed-Valent, Monolayer-Protected Au Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja002367+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Abstract
In this report, we evaluate the present state of the rapidly emerging field of monolayer-protected cluster (MPC) molecules with regard to their synthesis and monolayer functionalization, their core and monolayer structure, their composition, and their properties. Finally, we canvass some of the important remaining research opportunities involving MPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Templeton
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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25
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Wuelfing WP, Templeton AC, Hicks JF, Murray RW. Taylor Dispersion Measurements of Monolayer Protected Clusters: A Physicochemical Determination of Nanoparticle Size. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac990429c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Peter Wuelfing
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Allen C. Templeton
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Jocelyn F. Hicks
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Royce W. Murray
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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26
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Wuelfing WP, Gross SM, Miles DT, Murray RW. Nanometer Gold Clusters Protected by Surface-Bound Monolayers of Thiolated Poly(ethylene glycol) Polymer Electrolyte. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983183m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Peter Wuelfing
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Stephen M. Gross
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Deon T. Miles
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Royce W. Murray
- Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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