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Ye T, Tao WY, Chen XY, Jiang C, Di B, Xu LL. Mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the development of peptide inhibitors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:1-13. [PMID: 37821254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs) family, plays an important role in the innate immune response against pathogen invasions. NLRP3 inflammasome consisting of NLRP3 protein, the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC), and the effector protein pro-caspase-1, is central to this process. Upon activation, NLRP3 inflammasome initiates the release of inflammatory cytokines and triggers a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Dysregulation or inappropriate activation of NLRP3 has been implicated in various human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, colitis, depression, and gout. Consequently, understanding the mechanism underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation is critical for the development of therapeutic drugs. In the pursuit of potential therapeutic agents, peptides present several advantages over small molecules. They offer higher selectivity, increased potency, reduced toxicity, and fewer off-target effects. The advancements in molecular biology have expanded the opportunities for applying peptides in medicine, unlocking their vast medical potential. This review begins by providing a comprehensive summary of recent research progress regarding the mechanisms governing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Subsequently, we offer an overview of current peptide inhibitors capable of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei-Yan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Dai Z, An LY, Chen XY, Yang F, Zhao N, Li CC, Ren R, Li BY, Tao WY, Li P, Jiang C, Yan F, Jiang ZY, You QD, Di B, Xu LL. Target Fishing Reveals a Novel Mechanism of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Targeting Rpn6, a Subunit of 26S Proteasome. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5029-5043. [PMID: 35253427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,2,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, a class of Nrf2-ARE activators, exert an extensive therapeutic effect on inflammation, cancer, neurodegeneration, and microbial infection. Among these analogues, DDO-7263 is the most potent Nrf2 activator and used as the core structure for bioactive probes to explore the precise mechanism. In this work, we obtained compound 7, a mimic of DDO-7263, and biotin-labeled and fluorescein-based probes, which exhibited homologous biological activities to DDO-7263, including activating Nrf2 and its downstream target genes, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory effects. Affinity chromatography and mass analysis techniques revealed Rpn6 as the potential target protein regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In vitro affinity experiments further confirmed that DDO-7263 upregulated Nrf2 through binding to Rpn6 to block the assembly of 26S proteasome and the subsequent degradation of ubiquitinated Nrf2. These results indicated that Rpn6 is a promising candidate target to activate the Nrf2 pathway for protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and exogenous microbial stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-Yan An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cui-Cui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei-Yan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Cui FJ, Tao WY, Xu ZH, Guo WJ, Xu HY, Ao ZH, Jin J, Wei YQ. Structural analysis of anti-tumor heteropolysaccharide GFPS1b from the cultured mycelia of Grifola frondosa GF9801. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:395-401. [PMID: 16459075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A 21-kDa heteropolysaccharide, coded as GFPS1b, was obtained from the cultured mycelia of Grifola frondosa GF9801 by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractioned by DEAE Sepharose Fast-flow, followed by the purification with Sephadex G-100 column chromatography using an AKTA purifier. It exhibited more potent anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 cells than other polysaccharide fractions. GFPS1b was an acidic polysaccharide with approximately 16.60% protein and 4.3% uronic acid. Gas chromatography of absolute acid hydrolysate of GFPS1b suggested that it was composed of D-glucose, D-galactose, and L-arabinose with a molar ratio of 4:2:1. Periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, partial acid hydrolyzation, methylation analysis, FT-IR, and (1)H, (13)C NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed that GFPS1b had a backbone consisting of alpha-(1-->4)-linked D-galacopyranosyl and alpha-(1-->3)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues substituted at O-6 with glycosyl residues composed of alpha-L-arabinose-(1-->4)-alpha-D-glucose (1--> linked residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 214036, PR China.
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Cui FJ, Li Y, Xu ZH, Xu HY, Sun K, Tao WY. Optimization of the medium composition for production of mycelial biomass and exo-polymer by Grifola frondosa GF9801 using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 2006; 97:1209-16. [PMID: 15990290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a three-level Box-Behnken factorial design was employed combining with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the medium composition for the production of the mycelial biomass and exo-polymer in submerged cultures by Grifola frondosa GF9801. A mathematical model was then developed to show the effect of each medium composition and their interactions on the production of mycelial biomass and exo-polymer. The model estimated that, a maximal yield of mycelial biomass (17.61 g/l) could be obtained when the concentrations of glucose, KH2PO4, peptone were set at 45.2 g/l, 2.97 g/l, 6.58 g/l, respectively; while a maximal exo-polymer yield (1.326 g/l) could be achieved when setting concentrations of glucose, KH2PO4, peptone at 58.6 g/l, 4.06 g/l and 3.79 g/l, respectively. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiments. Compared with the values obtained by other runs in the experimental design, the optimized medium resulted in a significant increase in the yields of mycelial biomass and exo-polymer. Maximum mycelial biomass yield of 22.50 g/l was achieved in a 15-l fermenter using the optimized medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 214036, PR China.
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