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Gould LJ, Alderden J, Aslam R, Barbul A, Bogie KM, El Masry M, Graves LY, White-Chu EF, Ahmed A, Boanca K, Brash J, Brooks KR, Cockron W, Kennerly SM, Livingston AK, Page J, Stephens C, West V, Yap TL. WHS guidelines for the treatment of pressure ulcers-2023 update. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:6-33. [PMID: 37970711 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The major populations at risk for developing pressure ulcers are older adults who have multiple risk factors that increase their vulnerability, people who are critically ill and those with spinal cord injury/disease. The reported prevalence of pressure ulcers in the United States is 2.5 million. However, this estimate is derived from acute care facilities and does not include people who are living at home or in nursing facilities. Despite the implementation of hospital and facility-based preventive measures, the incidence of pressure ulcers has not decreased in decades. In addition to the burden of pain, infection and death, it is estimated that hospital-acquired pressure ulcers cost the health system $26.8 billion annually with over 50% of the cost attributed to treating Stage 3 and 4 pressure injuries. Thus, it is critical to examine the literature and develop guidelines that will improve the outcomes of this complex and costly condition. This guideline update is a compendium of the best available evidence for the treatment of Pressure Ulcers published since the last update in 2015 and includes a new section based on changing demographics entitled 'Palliative wound care for seriously ill patients with pressure ulcers'. The overall goal of the Wound Healing Society Guideline project is to present clear, concise and commercial free guidelines that clinicians can use to guide care, that researchers can use to develop studies that will improve treatment and that both clinicians and researchers can use to understand the gaps in our knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Gould
- South Shore Hospital, Weymouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Chairperson WHS Pressure Ulcer Guideline Working Group
| | - Jenny Alderden
- School of Nursing, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Rummana Aslam
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Kath M Bogie
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Chairperson WHS Education Committee
| | - Mohamed El Masry
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Letitia Y Graves
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - E Foy White-Chu
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amany Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Jessica Brash
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Katie R Brooks
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wendy Cockron
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan M Kennerly
- East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jeni Page
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Stephens
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Velena West
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tracey L Yap
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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