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Rosta K, Mazzucato-Puchner A, Kiss H, Malik V, Mandl P, Petricevic L, Foessleitner P, Shafran I, Temsch W, Farr A. Vaginal microbiota in pregnant women with inflammatory rheumatic and inflammatory bowel disease: A matched case-control study. Mycoses 2021; 64:909-917. [PMID: 33884668 PMCID: PMC8360144 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatic diseases and vaginal infections both increase the risk of preterm birth. It is unclear whether pregnant women with rheumatic disease are more likely to experience vaginal infections, which might potentially accumulate modifiable risk factors. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to evaluate the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with inflammatory rheumatic and inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS A total of 539 asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancy were routinely screened for an abnormal vaginal microbiota between 10 + 0 and 16 + 0 gestational weeks. Vaginal smears were Gram-stained and microscopically analysed. Those with inflammatory diseases (with or without immunomodulatory therapy) were assigned to the case group and matched in a 1:3 ratio to healthy pregnant controls. RESULTS Overall, an abnormal vaginal microbiota occurred more frequently among women of the case group, compared with those of the control group (33.8% vs 15.6%; 95% CI: 1.78-4.27, p < .001). In particular, Candida colonisation (22.3% vs 9.2%; 95% CI: 1.69-4.75, p < .001), but also bacterial vaginosis (14.9% vs 7.2%; 95% CI: 1.25-4.1, p = .006), occurred more often in the case than in the control group. No significant difference was found with regard to the occurrence of an abnormal vaginal microbiota between subgroups with and without immunomodulatory treatment (37.0% vs 27.1%; 95% CI: 0.29-1.35, p = .232). CONCLUSION Pregnant women with inflammatory rheumatic and inflammatory bowel disease are at risk for bacterial vaginosis and Candida colonisation, which might pose a risk for preterm birth. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the influence of autoimmune conditions and immunosuppressive therapy on the vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Rosta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Herbert Kiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Mandl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ljubomir Petricevic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Foessleitner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Inbal Shafran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Temsch
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex Farr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rosta K, Al-Bibawy K, Al-Bibawy M, Temsch W, Springer S, Somogyi A, Ott J. Vaginal Progesterone Has No Diabetogenic Potential in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Case-Control Study on 1686 Pregnancies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072249. [PMID: 32679847 PMCID: PMC7408737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women who carried twin pregnancies and received vaginal progesterone. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 203 out of 1686 women with twin pregnancies received natural progesterone (200 mg/day between gestational weeks 16 + 0 and 36 + 0) vaginally for ≥ 4 weeks. The control group consisted of 1483 women with twin pregnancies without progesterone administration. Pearson’s Chi squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t-test was used to compare differences between the control and the progesterone-treated groups. A multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to assess relative independent associations on the dependent outcome of GDM incidence. Results: Vaginal progesterone treatment in twin pregnancies had no significant influence on developing GDM (p = 0.662). Higher pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.1; p < 0.001), GDM in previous pregnancy (OR 6.0; p < 0.001), and smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.6; p = 0.014) posed an increased risk for developing GDM. Conclusion: In twin pregnancies, the use of vaginal progesterone for the prevention of recurrent preterm delivery was not associated with an increased risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Rosta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; (K.R.); (K.A.-B.); (M.A.-B.); (S.S.)
| | - Katharina Al-Bibawy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; (K.R.); (K.A.-B.); (M.A.-B.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Al-Bibawy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; (K.R.); (K.A.-B.); (M.A.-B.); (S.S.)
| | - Wilhelm Temsch
- Center for Medical Statistic and Informatic and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria;
| | - Stephanie Springer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; (K.R.); (K.A.-B.); (M.A.-B.); (S.S.)
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Johannes Ott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; (K.R.); (K.A.-B.); (M.A.-B.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-140-4002-8160
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Rosta K, Ott J, Kelemen F, Temsch W, Lahner T, Reischer T, Helmer H, Somogyi A. Is vaginal progesterone treatment associated with the development of gestational diabetes? A retrospective case-control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:1079-1084. [PMID: 30225687 PMCID: PMC6244685 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women who received vaginal progesterone due to short cervical length or to prevent recurrent preterm birth. METHODS In this retrospective study, we included 190 women with singleton pregnancies at risk for preterm birth who received vaginal natural progesterone (200 mg daily between gestational weeks 16 + 0 and 36 + 0) for a minimum of 4 weeks and delivered > 28 weeks. The control group consisted of 242 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched patients without progesterone administration. Data were acquired from a database containing prospectively collected information. Patients with pre-existing diabetes, and conception after in vitro fertilisation procedure were excluded. RESULTS The incidence of GDM did not differ significantly between the progesterone-treated and the control group (14.7% vs. 16.9%, respectively; p = 0.597). In a binary regression model, patients with higher pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.1; p = 0.006), and those with a family history of diabetes had a higher risk for GDM development (OR 1.8; p = 0.040), whereas vaginal progesterone treatment had no significant influence (p = 0.580). CONCLUSION The use of vaginal progesterone for the prevention of recurrent preterm delivery and in women with a short cervix does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Rosta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Ott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fanni Kelemen
- University of Szeged, 12 Dóm tér, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wilhelm Temsch
- Center for Medical Statistic and Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Lahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Reischer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns Helmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aniko Somogyi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi u.46, Budapest, Hungary
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Salhofer-Polanyi S, Cetin H, Leutmezer F, Baumgartner A, Blechinger S, Dal-Bianco A, Altmann P, Bajer-Kornek B, Rommer P, Guger M, Leitner-Bohn D, Reichardt B, Alasti F, Temsch W, Stamm T. Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis in Austria. Neuroepidemiology 2017; 49:40-44. [PMID: 28848208 DOI: 10.1159/000479696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the incidence rate and prevalence ratio of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Austria. METHODS Hospital discharge diagnosis and MS-specific immunomodulatory treatment prescriptions from public health insurances, covering 98% of Austrian citizens with health insurance were used to extrapolate incidence and prevalence numbers based on the capture-recapture method. RESULTS A total of 1,392,629 medication prescriptions and 40,956 hospitalizations were extracted from 2 data sources, leading to a total of 13,205 patients. The incidence rate and prevalence ratio of MS in Austria based on the capture-recapture method were 19.5/100,000 person-years (95% CI 14.3-24.7) and 158.9/100,000 (95% CI 141.2-175.9), respectively. Female to male ratio was 1.6 for incidence and 2.2 for prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Incidence rates and prevalence ratios of MS in our study are within the upper range of comparable studies across many European countries as well as the United States.
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Temsch W, Luger A, Riedl M. HbA1c values calculated from blood glucose levels using truncated Fourier series and implementation in standard SQL database language. Methods Inf Med 2008; 47:346-55. [PMID: 18690368 DOI: 10.3414/me0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article presents a mathematical model to calculate HbA1c values based on self-measured blood glucose and past HbA1c levels, thereby enabling patients to monitor diabetes therapy between scheduled checkups. This method could help physicians to make treatment decisions if implemented in a system where glucose data are transferred to a remote server. The method, however, cannot replace HbA1c measurements; past HbA1c values are needed to gauge the method. METHODS The mathematical model of HbA1c formation was developed based on biochemical principles. Unlike an existing HbA1c formula, the new model respects the decreasing contribution of older glucose levels to current HbA1c values. About 12 standard SQL statements embedded in a php program were used to perform Fourier transform. Regression analysis was used to gauge results with previous HbA1c values. The method can be readily implemented in any SQL database. RESULTS The predicted HbA1c values thus obtained were in accordance with measured values. They also matched the results of the HbA1c formula in the elevated range. By contrast, the formula was too "optimistic" in the range of better glycemic control. Individual analysis of two subjects improved the accuracy of values and reflected the bias introduced by different glucometers and individual measurement habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Temsch
- Section of Medical Information and Retrieval Systems, Core Unit for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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