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Gao M, Zhang C, Angel W, Kwak O, Allison J, Wiratan L, Hallworth A, Wolf J, Lu H. Circadian regulation of the GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN gene by the master clock protein CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 is important for plant innate immunity. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:991-1003. [PMID: 36367575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of temporal regulation of pathogen defense by the circadian clock. However, our understanding of the molecular basis underlying this role of the circadian clock is still in its infancy. We report here the mechanism by which the Arabidopsis master clock protein CCA1 regulates an output target gene GRP7 for its circadian expression and function in pathogen defense. Our data firmly establish that CCA1 physically associates with the GRP7 promoter via the predicted CCA1-binding motif, evening element (EE). A site-directed mutagenesis study showed that while individual EE motifs differentially contribute to robust circadian expression of GRP7, abolishing all four EE motifs in the proximal GRP7 promoter disrupts rhythmicity of GRP7 expression and results in misalignment of defense signaling mediated by GRP7 and altered pathogen responses. This study provides a mechanistic link of the circadian regulation of an output gene to its biological function in pathogen defense, underscoring the importance of temporal control of plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - William Angel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Owen Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Jessica Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Linda Wiratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Amelia Hallworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Julie Wolf
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Zhang C, Gao M, Seitz NC, Angel W, Hallworth A, Wiratan L, Darwish O, Alkharouf N, Dawit T, Lin D, Egoshi R, Wang X, McClung CR, Lu H. LUX ARRHYTHMO mediates crosstalk between the circadian clock and defense in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31186426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10485-10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is known to regulate plant innate immunity but the underlying mechanism of this regulation remains largely unclear. We show here that mutations in the core clock component LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) disrupt circadian regulation of stomata under free running and Pseudomonas syringae challenge conditions as well as defense signaling mediated by SA and JA, leading to compromised disease resistance. RNA-seq analysis reveals that both clock- and defense-related genes are regulated by LUX. LUX binds to clock gene promoters that have not been shown before, expanding the clock gene networks that require LUX function. LUX also binds to the promoters of EDS1 and JAZ5, likely acting through these genes to affect SA- and JA-signaling. We further show that JA signaling reciprocally affects clock activity. Thus, our data support crosstalk between the circadian clock and plant innate immunity and imply an important role of LUX in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Nicholas C Seitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - William Angel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Amelia Hallworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Linda Wiratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Omar Darwish
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Nadim Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Teklu Dawit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Daniela Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Riki Egoshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Robertson McClung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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Zhang C, Gao M, Seitz NC, Angel W, Hallworth A, Wiratan L, Darwish O, Alkharouf N, Dawit T, Lin D, Egoshi R, Wang X, McClung CR, Lu H. LUX ARRHYTHMO mediates crosstalk between the circadian clock and defense in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2543. [PMID: 31186426 PMCID: PMC6560066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is known to regulate plant innate immunity but the underlying mechanism of this regulation remains largely unclear. We show here that mutations in the core clock component LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) disrupt circadian regulation of stomata under free running and Pseudomonassyringae challenge conditions as well as defense signaling mediated by SA and JA, leading to compromised disease resistance. RNA-seq analysis reveals that both clock- and defense-related genes are regulated by LUX. LUX binds to clock gene promoters that have not been shown before, expanding the clock gene networks that require LUX function. LUX also binds to the promoters of EDS1 and JAZ5, likely acting through these genes to affect SA- and JA-signaling. We further show that JA signaling reciprocally affects clock activity. Thus, our data support crosstalk between the circadian clock and plant innate immunity and imply an important role of LUX in this process. Circadian control of plant defence likely reflects plants’ ability to coordinate development and defense. Here, Zhang et al. show that LUX regulates stomatal defense and SA/JA signaling, leading to broad-spectrum disease resistance, and that JA signaling can, in turn, regulate clock activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.,Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Nicholas C Seitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - William Angel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Amelia Hallworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Linda Wiratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Omar Darwish
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Nadim Alkharouf
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Teklu Dawit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Daniela Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Riki Egoshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Robertson McClung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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Morales CH, Villegas MI, Angel W, Vásquez JJ. Value of digital exploration for diagnosing injuries to the left side of the diaphragm caused by stab wounds. Arch Surg 2001; 136:1131-5. [PMID: 11585504 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.136.10.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The digital exploration of stab wounds in the left thoracoabdominal region allows the early diagnosis of diaphragmatic lesions. DESIGN Diagnostic test study. The digital exploration of the diaphragm was compared with laparotomy (the gold standard) and thoracoscopy. SETTING The study setting was the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (Medellín, Colombia). This is a referral trauma center for the general community. PATIENTS The study included 82 consecutive patients who were admitted to our institution during a 12-month period with injuries caused by stab wounds to the left thoracoabdominal region and who did not have indications for immediate surgery. Digital exploration of the wound was performed by the attending surgeon in the emergency department. If a lesion of the diaphragm was identified, a laparotomy was performed; if no diaphragmatic lesion was found, a diagnostic left thoracoscopy and/or laparotomy was performed. Results of the laparotomy (n = 63) or thoracoscopy (n = 19) were used as the standard of reference for the determination of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of digital exploration. INTERVENTION The integrity of the diaphragm was determined by digital exploration through the stab wound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and likelihood ratio were calculated. RESULTS For the detection of diaphragmatic lesions, digital exploration demonstrated a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 83.3%, a positive predictive value of 91%, and a negative predictive value of 93.7%. CONCLUSION Digital exploration is a reliable method for the detection of injuries to the left side of the diaphragm caused by stab wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Morales
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226 Postal 229, Ciudad Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia.
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Hodgson HW, Angel W, Glover JH. Apparatus. Analyst 1951. [DOI: 10.1039/an9517600379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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