1
|
Wasserman RD, Abel WF, Lebel D, Mönkemüller K, Yeaton P, Kesar V, Kesar V. Finding the needle in a haystack: single-balloon enteroscopy to diagnose diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Endoscopy 2024; 56:E321-E322. [PMID: 38594000 PMCID: PMC11003805 DOI: 10.1055/a-2277-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Reid D. Wasserman
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, United States
| | - William F. Abel
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, United States
| | - David Lebel
- Pathology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, United States
| | - Klaus Mönkemüller
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, United States
| | - Paul Yeaton
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, United States
| | - Vivek Kesar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, United States
| | - Varun Kesar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wasserman RD, Abel WF, Salzberg A, Kesar V, Yeaton P, Kesar V. Endoscopic management of a chronic anastomotic leak after a Billroth II procedure. Endoscopy 2024; 56:E76-E77. [PMID: 38290702 PMCID: PMC10827523 DOI: 10.1055/a-2228-4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Reid D. Wasserman
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, United States
| | - William F. Abel
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, United States
| | - Arnold Salzberg
- Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, United States
| | - Vivek Kesar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Tech Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, United States
| | - Paul Yeaton
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Tech Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, United States
| | - Varun Kesar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Tech Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abel WF, Kesar V, Wasserman RD, Kumar M, Patel V, Yeaton P, Kesar V. Massive infected pancreatic necrosis in an 8-year-old: Endoscopic management. JPGN Rep 2024; 5:175-177. [PMID: 38756110 PMCID: PMC11093900 DOI: 10.1002/jpr3.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a condition much more commonly found in adults, but when diagnosed in the pediatric population, is often due to medications, congenital pathology, and critical illness. This patient had previously undergone treatment with 6-mercaptopurine and presented with pancreatitis that eventually worsened to a walled-off necrotic collection with paracolic extensions reaching the pelvis. Given clinical worsening with development of shock, procedural options for source control were weighed with gastroenterology, pediatric surgery, and interventional radiology, before pancreatic necrosectomy was determined to be the treatment of choice, given the adjacency of the collection to the stomach. A total of three separate endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy procedures were performed and the patient s clinical status improved greatly, with vast improvement later seen on outpatient imaging. This successful treatment course argues for the efficacy of pancreatic necrosectomy even in very large walled off collections, and most importantly, lead to a positive outcome in this young patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F. Abel
- Virginia Tech Carilion, Department of Internal MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA
| | - Varun Kesar
- Virginia Tech Carilion, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyRoanokeVirginiaUSA
| | - Reid D. Wasserman
- Virginia Tech Carilion, Department of Internal MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Tufts Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vishal Patel
- Virginia Tech Carilion, Department of RadiologyRoanokeVirginiaUSA
| | - Paul Yeaton
- Virginia Tech Carilion, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyRoanokeVirginiaUSA
| | - Vivek Kesar
- Virginia Tech Carilion, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyRoanokeVirginiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peterson CJ, Abel WF, Reddy V, Pfaff K. Furry, Fomite, and Facultative Anaerobe: A Unique Case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus. Cureus 2023; 15:e47747. [PMID: 38021979 PMCID: PMC10676269 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection is frequently associated with dog and cat bites or scratches in patients who have risk factors such as immunosuppression, asplenia, and alcohol abuse. However, rare instances of C. canimorsus infection in patients without typical risk factors have been reported. Here, we present such a rare and unusual case of C. canimorsus bacteremia in a patient without animal wounds or risk factors. Chronic sinusitis may have contributed to mucosal disruption and served as an entry point for C. canimorsus. Prompt initiation of antibiotics resulted in rapid resolution of symptoms and clearance of bacteremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - William F Abel
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, USA
| | - Varsha Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, USA
| | - Kyle Pfaff
- Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mir AS, Abel WF, Lebel DP. Colonic Lymphangiomatosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e39085. [PMID: 37332407 PMCID: PMC10269742 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiomas are benign malformations of the lymphatic vessels which can be primary or secondary in etiology. Colonic involvement is rare, and the diagnosis is mostly incidental. Sometimes, the initial endoscopic appearance can be misleading. We present a case of colonic lymphangiomatosis presenting with free air under the diaphragm requiring surgical removal of the involved portion of the colon. The diagnosis was confirmed by the pathology of the resected specimen and its correlation with prior clinical information. The patient recovered well with an uneventful postoperative course and follow-up. This case demonstrates a rare complication of colonic lymphangiomatosis prompting definitive treatment by surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil S Mir
- Gastroenterology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, USA
| | | | - David P Lebel
- Pathology, Dominion Pathology Associates, Roanoke, USA
- Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blenda AV, Kamili NA, Wu SC, Abel WF, Ayona D, Gerner-Smidt C, Ho AD, Benian GM, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Galectin-9 recognizes and exhibits antimicrobial activity toward microbes expressing blood group-like antigens. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101704. [PMID: 35148986 PMCID: PMC9019251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While adaptive immunity recognizes a nearly infinite range of antigenic determinants, immune tolerance renders adaptive immunity vulnerable to microbes decorated in self-like antigens. Recent studies suggest that sugar-binding proteins galectin-4 and galectin-8 bind microbes expressing blood group antigens. However, the binding profile and potential antimicrobial activity of other galectins, particularly galectin-9 (Gal-9), has remained incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that while Gal-9 possesses strong binding preference for ABO(H) blood group antigens, each domain exhibits distinct binding patterns, with the C-terminal domain (Gal-9C) exhibiting higher binding to blood group B than the N-terminal domain (Gal-9N). Despite this binding preference, Gal-9 readily killed blood group B–positive Escherichia coli, whereas Gal-9N displayed higher killing activity against this microbe than Gal-9C. Utilization of microarrays populated with blood group O antigens from a diverse array of microbes revealed that Gal-9 can bind various microbial glycans, whereas Gal-9N and Gal-9C displayed distinct and overlapping binding preferences. Flow cytometric examination of intact microbes corroborated the microbial glycan microarray findings, demonstrating that Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C also possess the capacity to recognize distinct strains of Providencia alcalifaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae that express mammalian blood group–like antigens while failing to bind related strains that do not express mammalian-like glycans. In each case of microbial binding, Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C induced microbial death. In contrast, while Gal-9, Gal-9N, and Gal-9C engaged red blood cells, each failed to induce hemolysis. These data suggest that Gal-9 recognition of distinct microbial strains may provide antimicrobial activity against molecular mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William F Abel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Diyoly Ayona
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Gerner-Smidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alex D Ho
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guy M Benian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sansone AM, Hisrich BV, Young RB, Abel WF, Bowens Z, Blair BB, Funkhouser AT, Schammel DP, Green LJ, Lessey BA, Blenda AV. Evaluation of BCL6 and SIRT1 as Non-Invasive Diagnostic Markers of Endometriosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1350-1360. [PMID: 34698105 PMCID: PMC8929102 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterus and is often associated with severe pelvic pain and infertility. Our study explored the utilization of B-Cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as potential biomarkers in serum, plasma, urine, and cervical mucus for a non-invasive diagnostic test for endometriosis. BCL6 was chosen based on its previously reported elevated expression in endometrial biopsies, and SIRT1 is co-expressed and upregulated in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. (2) Methods: BCL6 and SIRT1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in samples from 20 women with endometriosis (ten with stages I/II and ten with stages III/IV) and ten women without endometriosis. (3) Results: Levels of SIRT1 in sera showed a statistically significant elevation in advanced stages III/IV compared to controls and stages I/II. No significant differences were found in other bodily fluids for SIRT1 or any bodily fluids tested for BCL6. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest some potential of SIRT1 expression within serum as a predictor of advanced asymptomatic stages of endometriosis. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and H-SCORE values for the elevated BCL6 (and potentially SIRT1) levels in endometrial biopsy samples seems to have higher diagnostic potential based on the previously published studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Sansone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Brooke V. Hisrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - R. Brandt Young
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - William F. Abel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Zachary Bowens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health Upstate, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (Z.B.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Bailey B. Blair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - Avery T. Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
| | - David P. Schammel
- Pathology Associates of Greenville, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA;
| | - Lisa J. Green
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health Upstate, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (Z.B.); (L.J.G.)
| | - Bruce A. Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University Baptist Hospital, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Anna V. Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (B.V.H.); (R.B.Y.); (W.F.A.); (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pike JF, Abel WF, Seckel TB, Schammel CM, Flanagan W, Devane AM. Prostatic Artery Embolization: An Alternative Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative for patients with prostates >80 mL and has demonstrated lower morbidity rates. We sought to evaluate PAE at a single tertiary medical center. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent PAE was completed. Demographic, clinicopathologic, procedure, and outcome data were collected to include international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) assessments. Results The pre-PAE mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 8.4 ng/mL, mean prostate volume was 146.9 mL (9% >200 mL), and mean postvoid residual (PVR) was 208.2 mL (21.9% 200–300 mL). IPSS mean was 19.8 and QoL was “mostly dissatisfied.” Following PAE, mean PSA was reduced by 3.2 ng/mL (38.1%, p = 0.3014), the mean prostate volume reduction was 59.2 mL (40.3%, n = 19, p < 0.0001), and the average PVR reduction was 150.3 mL (72.2%, n = 27, p = 0.0002). Average IPSS score was also lower (11.9; 60.1%, n = 25, p < 0.0001) and QoL was reduced to “mostly satisfied” (p < 0.0001). Technical success was 100% with 24% minor morbidities. Conclusion PAE is a successful treatment for patients with BPH resulting in large prostates that are not good candidates for simple prostatectomy, providing optimal care with less operative and postoperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Pike
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
| | - William F. Abel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
| | - Tyler B. Seckel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
| | | | - William Flanagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
| | - A. Michael Devane
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Prisma Health Upstate, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Summers RP, Abel WF, Sessions WS, Polley EM, Shirley RM, Schnee AE. A case of Cryptococcus gattii infection in South Carolina: A possible challenge to known endemicity. IDCases 2021; 23:e01027. [PMID: 33425680 PMCID: PMC7776952 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, C. gattii is considered to be endemic to the Pacific Northwest and although uncommon, additional cases have been documented in other regions including the Southeastern United States. While it has been hypothesized in the past that C. gattii may be endemic to the Southeastern United States, there remains a paucity of evidence. Here, we present a patient with no history of HIV/AIDS and no organ transplant and document the course of his disease and presentation. There were no adverse long-term neurological outcomes in this patient and the combination of steroid use, antifungal agents, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage resulted in his discharge from the hospital after 12 days. This patient’s subacute presentation with vague neurological symptoms highlights the importance of understanding the treatment of rare causes of meningitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Summers
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States
| | - William F Abel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States
| | - William S Sessions
- Prisma Health System Department of Internal Medicine, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States
| | - Eric M Polley
- Prisma Health System Department of Internal Medicine, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States
| | - Rhett M Shirley
- Prisma Health System Department of Infectious Disease, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States
| | - Amanda E Schnee
- Prisma Health System Department of Infectious Disease, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC 29605, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pike JFW, Abel WF, Eldersveld JM, Marguet CG, Werntz RP. A rare case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasized to the bladder. Urol Case Rep 2020; 33:101394. [PMID: 33102092 PMCID: PMC7574149 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is usually detected in late stages due to lack of identifiable symptoms and rapid progression. It commonly metastasizes to the liver, lung, and peritoneum, but only rarely to the bladder. We present a 41-year-old female with a history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, uterine fibroids, and tobacco use who presented with hematuria, polyuria, and abdominal pain. The CT showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with a hyperdense region in the posterior wall of the bladder. Pathology revealed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma to the bladder. This is the fourth reported case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the bladder since 1953. Pancreatic cancer is usually detected in late stages. Pancreatic cancer can rarely metastasize to the bladder. In patients symptomatic with preexisting malignancy, metastasis to the bladder should exist on the differential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Frederick W Pike
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - William F Abel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Jordan M Eldersveld
- Pathology Associates of Greenville, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Charles G Marguet
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC, 29605, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, PRISMA Health Upstate, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - Ryan P Werntz
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, 607 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC, 29605, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, PRISMA Health Upstate, 701 Grove Rd., Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abel WF, Funk CR, Blenda AV. Galectins in the Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Accidents: An Overview. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519836794. [PMID: 31007530 PMCID: PMC6458655 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519836794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limitations of neuroimaging, such as the isodense appearance of blood to neuronal tissue in subacute hemorrhagic stroke, a body of studies have been performed to evaluate candidate biomarkers which may aid in accurate determination of cerebrovascular accident type. Beyond aiding in the delineation of stroke cause, biomarkers could also confer useful prognostic information to help clinicians plan use of resources. One of the candidate biomarkers studied for detection of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) includes a class of proteins called galectins. Galectins bind β-galactoside through a highly conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, endowing an ability to interact with carbohydrate moieties on glycoproteins, some of which are relevant to CVA response. Furthermore, galectins-1, -2, -3, -9, and -12 are expressed in tissues relevant to CVA, and some exhibit characteristics (eg, extracellular secretion) that could render feasible their detection in serum. Galectins-1 and -3 appear to have the largest amounts of preclinical evidence, consistently demonstrating increased activity and expression levels during CVA. However, a lack of standardization of biochemical assays across cohort studies limits further translation of these basic science studies. This review aims to increase awareness of the biochemical roles of galectins in CVA, while also highlighting challenges and remaining questions preventing the translation of basic science observations into a clinically useful test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F Abel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | | | - Anna V Blenda
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|