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McGrath AM, Cook MR, Culp WT, Oblak ML, Oramas A, Bertran J, Tremolada G, Lapsley J, Selmic LE. Hemangiosarcoma of the nasal planum in cats: five cases (2010-2021). J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e661-e666. [PMID: 36350308 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221123772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY Nasal planum tumors are rare in cats, with squamous cell carcinoma over-represented. Other skin tumors have been reported in this location and though hemangiosarcoma frequently occurs on the skin of the head, these tumors localized to the nasal planum have not been specifically reported. The objectives of this study were to report the clinical findings and outcomes in cats diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma of the nasal planum. Medical records from four different institutions were reviewed to identify cats with a definitive diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma of the nasal planum. Five cats met the inclusion criteria. One cat was treated with palliative radiation therapy (RT) alone, two cats had lesions removed via an excisional biopsy by the primary care veterinarian and two cats had excisional biopsies performed at a referral institution. All four cats that received surgical treatment were treated with adjuvant strontium-90 therapy. The cat receiving palliative RT alone was lost to follow-up 311 days after treatment. At the time of writing, the survival time for 2/3 cats receiving surgery and strontium-90 was 365 days and 1381 days, respectively. One cat receiving this combination of therapy was lost to follow-up immediately after treatment. One cat developed tumor recurrence and a revision surgery via nasal planectomy and upper lip resection was performed 376 days following the initial surgery. Following revision, palliative RT was pursued. The cat was still alive at the time of writing 618 days after the initial procedure, with no evidence of recurrence. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION In this case series, surgery was the primary treatment used, but due to the location, only narrow or incomplete surgical margins were possible. RT (strontium-90 and/or palliative) was utilized to decrease the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha M McGrath
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R Cook
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William Tn Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alberto Oramas
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Judith Bertran
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Giovanni Tremolada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janis Lapsley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Rebhun RB, York D, Cruz SM, Judge SJ, Razmara AM, Farley LE, Brady RV, Johnson EG, Burton JH, Willcox J, Wittenburg LA, Woolard K, Dunai C, Stewart SL, Sparger EE, Withers SS, Gingrich AA, Skorupski KA, Al-Nadaf S, LeJeune AT, Culp WT, Murphy WJ, Kent MS, Canter RJ. Inhaled recombinant human IL-15 in dogs with naturally occurring pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma or melanoma: a phase 1 study of clinical activity and correlates of response. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004493. [PMID: 35680383 PMCID: PMC9174838 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15) has generated much excitement as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer, activity in human clinical trials has been modest to date, in part due to the risks of toxicity with significant dose escalation. Since pulmonary metastases are a major site of distant failure in human and dog cancers, we sought to investigate inhaled rhIL-15 in dogs with naturally occurring lung metastases from osteosarcoma (OSA) or melanoma. We hypothesized a favorable benefit/risk profile given the concentrated delivery to the lungs with decreased systemic exposure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a phase I trial of inhaled rhIL-15 in dogs with gross pulmonary metastases using a traditional 3+3 cohort design. A starting dose of 10 µg twice daily × 14 days was used based on human, non-human primate, and murine studies. Safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) were the primary objectives, while response rates, progression-free and overall survival (OS), and pharmacokinetic and immune correlative analyses were secondary. RESULTS From October 2018 to December 2020, we enrolled 21 dogs with 18 dogs reaching the 28-day response assessment to be evaluable. At dose level 5 (70 μg), we observed two DLTs, thereby establishing 50 µg twice daily × 14 days as the MTD and recommended phase 2 dose. Among 18 evaluable dogs, we observed one complete response >1 year, one partial response with resolution of multiple target lesions, and five stable disease for an overall clinical benefit rate of 39%. Plasma rhIL-15 quantitation revealed detectable and sustained rhIL-15 concentrations between 1-hour and 6 hour postnebulization. Decreased pretreatment lymphocyte counts were significantly associated with clinical benefit. Cytotoxicity assays of banked peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed significant increases in peak cytotoxicity against canine melanoma and OSA targets that correlated with OS. CONCLUSIONS In this first-in-dog clinical trial of inhaled rhIL-15 in dogs with advanced metastatic disease, we observed promising clinical activity when administered as a monotherapy for only 14 days. These data have significant clinical and biological implications for both dogs and humans with refractory lung metastases and support exploration of combinatorial therapies using inhaled rhIL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sylvia Margret Cruz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sean J Judge
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Aryana M Razmara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lauren E Farley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Rachel V Brady
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jenna H Burton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer Willcox
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Luke A Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Susan L Stewart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sita S Withers
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alicia A Gingrich
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Katherine A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sami Al-Nadaf
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amandine T LeJeune
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - William Tn Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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