1
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Remmerswaal WA, de Jong T, van de Vrande KNA, Louwersheimer R, Verwaal T, Filippov DV, Codée JDC, Hansen T. Backside versus Frontside S N2 Reactions of Alkyl Triflates and Alcohols. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400590. [PMID: 38385647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are elementary reactions in organic chemistry that are used in many synthetic routes. By quantum chemical methods, we have investigated the intrinsic competition between the backside SN2 (SN2-b) and frontside SN2 (SN2-f) pathways using a set of simple alkyl triflates as the electrophile in combination with a systematic series of phenols and partially fluorinated ethanol nucleophiles. It is revealed how and why the well-established mechanistic preference for the SN2-b pathway slowly erodes and can even be overruled by the unusual SN2-f substitution mechanism going from strong to weak alcohol nucleophiles. Activation strain analyses disclose that the SN2-b pathway is favored for strong alcohol nucleophiles because of the well-known intrinsically more efficient approach to the electrophile resulting in a more stabilizing nucleophile-electrophile interaction. In contrast, the preference of weaker alcohol nucleophiles shifts to the SN2-f pathway, benefiting from a stabilizing hydrogen bond interaction between the incoming alcohol and the leaving group. This hydrogen bond interaction is strengthened by the increased acidity of the weaker alcohol nucleophiles, thereby steering the mechanistic preference toward the frontside SN2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd de Jong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Koen N A van de Vrande
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Rick Louwersheimer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Verwaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
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2
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Chun Y, Remmerswaal WA, Codée JDC, Woerpel KA. Neighboring-Group Participation by C-2 Acyloxy Groups: Influence of the Nucleophile and Acyl Group on the Stereochemical Outcome of Acetal Substitution Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301894. [PMID: 37410662 PMCID: PMC10592418 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A single acyloxy group at C-2 can control the outcome of nucleophilic substitution reactions of pyran-derived acetals, but the extent of the neighboring-group participation depends on a number of factors. We show here that neighboring-group participation does not necessarily control the stereochemical outcome of acetal substitution reactions with weak nucleophiles. The 1,2-trans selectivity increased with increasing reactivity of the incoming nucleophile. This trend suggests the intermediacy of both cis-fused dioxolenium ions and oxocarbenium ions in the stereochemistry-determining step. In addition, as the electron-donating ability of the neighboring group decreased, the preference for the 1,2-trans products increased. Computational studies show how the barriers for the ring-opening reaction on the dioxolenium ions and the transition states to provide the oxocarbenium ions change with the electron-donating capacity of the C-2-acyloxy group and the reactivity of the nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Chun
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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3
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Remmerswaal WA, Hansen T, Hamlin TA, Codée JDC. Origin of Stereoselectivity in S E 2' Reactions of Six-membered Ring Oxocarbenium Ions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203490. [PMID: 36511875 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxocarbenium ions are key reactive intermediates in organic chemistry. To generate a series of structure-reactivity-stereoselectivity principles for these species, we herein investigated the bimolecular electrophilic substitution reactions (SE 2') between allyltrimethylsilane and a series of archetypal six-membered ring oxocarbenium ions using a combined density functional theory (DFT) and coupled-cluster theory approach. These reactions preferentially proceed following a reaction path where the oxocarbenium ion transforms from a half chair (3 H4 or 4 H3 ) to a chair conformation. The introduction of alkoxy substituents on six-membered ring oxocarbenium ions, dramatically influences the conformational preference of the canonical 3 H4 and 4 H3 conformers, and thereby the stereochemical outcome of the SE 2' reaction. In general, we find that the stereoselectivity in the reactions correlates to the "intrinsic preference" of the cations, as dictated by their shape. However, for the C5-CH2 OMe substituent, steric factors override the "intrinsic preference", showing a more selective reaction than expected based on the shape of the ion. Our SE 2' energetics correlate well with experimentally observed stereoselectivity, and the use of the activation strain model has enabled us to quantify important interactions and structural features that occur in the transition state of the reactions to precisely understand the relative energy barriers of the diastereotopic addition reactions. The fundamental mechanistic insight provided in this study will aid in understanding the reactivity of more complex glycosyl cations featuring multiple substituents and will facilitate our general understanding of glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The, Netherlands.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The, Netherlands
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4
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van Hengst JMA, Hellemons RJC, Remmerswaal WA, van de Vrande KNA, Hansen T, van der Vorm S, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Mapping the effect of configuration and protecting group pattern on glycosyl acceptor reactivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1532-1542. [PMID: 36794180 PMCID: PMC9906709 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of the acceptor alcohol can have a tremendous influence on the outcome of a glycosylation reaction, both in terms of yield and stereoselectivity. Through a systematic survey of 67 acceptor alcohols in glycosylation reactions with two glucosyl donors we here reveal how the reactivity of a carbohydrate acceptor depends on its configuration and substitution pattern. The study shows how the functional groups flanking the acceptor alcohol influence the reactivity of the alcohol and show that both the nature and relative orientation play an essential role. The empiric acceptor reactivity guidelines revealed here will aid in the rational optimization of glycosylation reactions and be an important tool in the assembly of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. A. van Hengst
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CC LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rik J. C. Hellemons
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CC LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CC LeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands .,Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Stefan van der Vorm
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hermen S. Overkleeft
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CC LeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of ChemistryEinsteinweg 552333 CC LeidenThe Netherlands
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5
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Elferink H, Remmerswaal WA, Houthuijs KJ, Jansen O, Hansen T, Rijs AM, Berden G, Martens J, Oomens J, Codée JDC, Boltje TJ. Competing C-4 and C-5-Acyl Stabilization of Uronic Acid Glycosyl Cations. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201724. [PMID: 35959853 PMCID: PMC9825916 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Uronic acids are carbohydrates carrying a terminal carboxylic acid and have a unique reactivity in stereoselective glycosylation reactions. Herein, the competing intramolecular stabilization of uronic acid cations by the C-5 carboxylic acid or the C-4 acetyl group was studied with infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS). IRIS reveals that a mixture of bridged ions is formed, in which the mixture is driven towards the C-1,C-5 dioxolanium ion when the C-5,C-2-relationship is cis, and towards the formation of the C-1,C-4 dioxepanium ion when this relation is trans. Isomer-population analysis and interconversion barrier computations show that the two bridged structures are not in dynamic equilibrium and that their ratio parallels the density functional theory computed stability of the structures. These studies reveal how the intrinsic interplay of the different functional groups influences the formation of the different regioisomeric products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsSynthetic Organic ChemistryRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Kas J. Houthuijs
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Oscar Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTUBUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands,Division of BioAnalytical ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Univeristeit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryRadboud University NijmegenToernooiveld 76525 EDNijmegen (TheNetherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsSynthetic Organic ChemistryRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
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6
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Demkiw KM, Remmerswaal WA, Hansen T, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Woerpel KA. Halogen Atom Participation in Guiding the Stereochemical Outcomes of Acetal Substitution Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209401. [PMID: 35980341 PMCID: PMC9561118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetal substitution reactions of α-halogenated five- and six-membered rings can be highly stereoselective. Erosion of stereoselectivity occurs as nucleophilicity increases, which is consistent with additions to a halogen-stabilized oxocarbenium ion, not a three-membered-ring halonium ion. Computational investigations confirmed that the open-form oxocarbenium ions are the reactive intermediates involved. Kinetic studies suggest that hyperconjugative effects and through-space electrostatic interactions can both contribute to the stabilization of halogen-substituted oxocarbenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna M. Demkiw
- Department of ChemistryNew York University100 Washington Square EastNew YorkNY 10003USA
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of ChemistryNew York University100 Washington Square EastNew YorkNY 10003USA
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7
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Demkiw KM, Remmerswaal WA, Hansen T, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Woerpel K. Halogen Atom Participation in Guiding the Stereochemical Outcomes of Acetal Substitution Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna M. Demkiw
- New York University Department of Chemistry Department of ChemistryNew York University100 Washington Square East 10003 New York UNITED STATES
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden University: Universiteit Leiden Leiden Institute of Chemistry Einsteinweg 552333 CC Leiden NETHERLANDS
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden University: Universiteit Leiden Leiden Institute of Chemistry Einsteinweg 552333 CC Leiden NETHERLANDS
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Leiden University: Universiteit Leiden Leiden Institute of Chemistry Einsteinweg 552333 CC Leiden NETHERLANDS
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden University: Universiteit Leiden Leiden Institute of Chemistry Einsteinweg 552333 CC Leiden NETHERLANDS
| | - Keith Woerpel
- NYU: New York University Chemistry 100 Washington Square East 10003 New York UNITED STATES
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8
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Remmerswaal WA, Houthuijs KJ, van de Ven R, Elferink H, Hansen T, Berden G, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Rutjes FPJT, Filippov DV, Boltje TJ, Martens J, Oomens J, Codée JDC. Stabilization of Glucosyl Dioxolenium Ions by "Dual Participation" of the 2,2-Dimethyl-2-( ortho-nitrophenyl)acetyl (DMNPA) Protection Group for 1,2- cis-Glucosylation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9139-9147. [PMID: 35748115 PMCID: PMC9295149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The stereoselective
introduction of glycosidic bonds is of paramount
importance to oligosaccharide synthesis. Among the various chemical
strategies to steer stereoselectivity, participation by either neighboring
or distal acyl groups is used particularly often. Recently, the use
of the 2,2-dimethyl-2-(ortho-nitrophenyl)acetyl (DMNPA)
protection group was shown to offer enhanced stereoselective steering
compared to other acyl groups. Here, we investigate the origin of
the stereoselectivity induced by the DMNPA group through systematic
glycosylation reactions and infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) combined
with techniques such as isotopic labeling of the anomeric center and
isomer population analysis. Our study indicates that the origin of
the DMNPA stereoselectivity does not lie in the direct participation
of the nitro moiety but in the formation of a dioxolenium ion that
is strongly stabilized by the nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kas J Houthuijs
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel van de Ven
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTUB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Hansen T, Elferink H, van Hengst JMA, Houthuijs KJ, Remmerswaal WA, Kromm A, Berden G, van der Vorm S, Rijs AM, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, Rutjes FPJT, van der Marel GA, Martens J, Oomens J, Codée JDC, Boltje TJ. Characterization of glycosyl dioxolenium ions and their role in glycosylation reactions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2664. [PMID: 32471982 PMCID: PMC7260182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the chemical glycosylation reaction remains the major challenge in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Though 1,2-trans glycosidic linkages can be installed using neighboring group participation, the construction of 1,2-cis linkages is difficult and has no general solution. Long-range participation (LRP) by distal acyl groups may steer the stereoselectivity, but contradictory results have been reported on the role and strength of this stereoelectronic effect. It has been exceedingly difficult to study the bridging dioxolenium ion intermediates because of their high reactivity and fleeting nature. Here we report an integrated approach, using infrared ion spectroscopy, DFT computations, and a systematic series of glycosylation reactions to probe these ions in detail. Our study reveals how distal acyl groups can play a decisive role in shaping the stereochemical outcome of a glycosylation reaction, and opens new avenues to exploit these species in the assembly of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates to fuel biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hansen
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob M A van Hengst
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kas J Houthuijs
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Kromm
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7-c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan van der Vorm
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7-c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7-c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7-c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Hansen T, Lebedel L, Remmerswaal WA, van der Vorm S, Wander DPA, Somers M, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV, Désiré J, Mingot A, Bleriot Y, van der Marel GA, Thibaudeau S, Codée JDC. Defining the S N1 Side of Glycosylation Reactions: Stereoselectivity of Glycopyranosyl Cations. ACS Cent Sci 2019; 5:781-788. [PMID: 31139714 PMCID: PMC6535769 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The broad application of well-defined synthetic oligosaccharides in glycobiology and glycobiotechnology is largely hampered by the lack of sufficient amounts of synthetic carbohydrate specimens. Insufficient knowledge of the glycosylation reaction mechanism thwarts the routine assembly of these materials. Glycosyl cations are key reactive intermediates in the glycosylation reaction, but their high reactivity and fleeting nature have precluded the determination of clear structure-reactivity-stereoselectivity principles for these species. We report a combined experimental and computational method that connects the stereoselectivity of oxocarbenium ions to the full ensemble of conformations these species can adopt, mapped in conformational energy landscapes (CEL), in a quantitative manner. The detailed description of stereoselective SN1-type glycosylation reactions firmly establishes glycosyl cations as true reaction intermediates and will enable the generation of new stereoselective glycosylation methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hansen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ludivine Lebedel
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Wouter A. Remmerswaal
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan van der Vorm
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis P. A. Wander
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Somers
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Désiré
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Agnès Mingot
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Yves Bleriot
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | | | - Sebastien Thibaudeau
- UMR-CNRS
7285, IC2MP, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, Poitiers Cedex 9 86073, France
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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