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MacRoberts RA, Liberato M, Roca-Rada X, Valente MJ, Relvado C, Matos Fernandes T, Barrocas Dias C, Llamas B, Vasconcelos Vilar H, Schöne BR, Ribeiro S, Santos JF, Teixeira JC, Maurer AF. Shrouded in history: Unveiling the ways of life of an early Muslim population in Santarém, Portugal (8th- 10th century AD). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299958. [PMID: 38446809 PMCID: PMC10917335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In around 716 AD, the city of Santarém, Portugal, was conquered by the Berber and Arab armies that swept the Iberian Peninsula and went on to rule the region until the 12th century. Archaeological excavations in 2007/08 discovered an Islamic necropolis (Avenida 5 de Outubro #2-8) that appears to contain the remains of an early Muslim population in Santarém (8th- 10th century). In this study, skeletal material from 58 adult individuals was analysed for stable carbon (δ13Ccol; δ13Cap), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) isotope ratios in bones, and stable oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13Cen) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in tooth enamel. The results of this study revealed a dietary pattern of predominantly C3-plant and domestic C3-fed herbivore consumption during adulthood (δ13Ccol and δ15N, respectively) but a higher proportion of C4-plant input during childhood (δ13Cen) for some individuals-interpreted as possible childhood consumption of millet porridge, a common practice in North Africa-in those with unorthodox burial types (Groups 1 and 2) that was not practiced in the individuals with canonical burials (Group 3). In this first mobility study of a medieval Muslim population in Portugal, δ18ODW values revealed greater heterogeneity in Groups 1 and 2, consistent with diverse origins, some in more humid regions than Santarém when compared to regional precipitation δ18O data, contrasting the more homogenous Group 3, consistent with the local precipitation δ18O range. Ancient DNA analysis conducted on three individuals revealed maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y-chromosome) lineages compatible with a North African origin for (at least) some of the individuals. Additionally, mobility of females in this population was higher than males, potentially resulting from a patrilocal social system, practiced in Berber and Arab communities. These results serve to offer a more detailed insight into the ancestry and cultural practices of early Muslim populations in Iberia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Liberato
- Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património (CEAACP), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xavier Roca-Rada
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculdade de Letras, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais (FCHS), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Relvado
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Matos Fernandes
- School of Technology Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Barrocas Dias
- HERCULES Laboratory and IN2PAST, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- School of Technology Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Bernd R. Schöne
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Ribeiro
- Geobiotec, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - João C. Teixeira
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (CEIS20), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Rohrlach AB, Rivollat M, de-Miguel-Ibáñez P, Moilanen U, Liira AM, Teixeira JC, Roca-Rada X, Armendáriz-Martija J, Boyadzhiev K, Boyadzhiev Y, Llamas B, Tiliakou A, Mötsch A, Tuke J, Prevedorou EA, Polychronakou-Sgouritsa N, Buikstra J, Onkamo P, Stockhammer PW, Heyne HO, Lemke JR, Risch R, Schiffels S, Krause J, Haak W, Prüfer K. Cases of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 among historic and prehistoric individuals discovered from ancient DNA. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1294. [PMID: 38378781 PMCID: PMC10879165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidies, and in particular, trisomies represent the most common genetic aberrations observed in human genetics today. To explore the presence of trisomies in historic and prehistoric populations we screen nearly 10,000 ancient human individuals for the presence of three copies of any of the target autosomes. We find clear genetic evidence for six cases of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and one case of trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and all cases are present in infant or perinatal burials. We perform comparative osteological examinations of the skeletal remains and find overlapping skeletal markers, many of which are consistent with these syndromes. Interestingly, three cases of trisomy 21, and the case of trisomy 18 were detected in two contemporaneous sites in early Iron Age Spain (800-400 BCE), potentially suggesting a higher frequency of burials of trisomy carriers in those societies. Notably, the care with which the burials were conducted, and the items found with these individuals indicate that ancient societies likely acknowledged these individuals with trisomy 18 and 21 as members of their communities, from the perspective of burial practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Benjamin Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Maïté Rivollat
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- ArcheOs lab, Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
- Archaeo-DNA lab, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel, Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie - UMR 5199, Bordeaux University, Bât. B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS50023, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Patxuka de-Miguel-Ibáñez
- Department of Prehistory, Archaeology, Ancient History and Greek and Latin Philology, INAPH, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donosti, Spain
- Hospital Verge dels Lliris, Alcoi, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ulla Moilanen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne-Mari Liira
- Department of Archaeology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - João C Teixeira
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- CEIS.20 Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xavier Roca-Rada
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Kamen Boyadzhiev
- National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Saborna str. 2, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Boyadzhiev
- National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Saborna str. 2, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Indigenous Genomics Research Group, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anthi Tiliakou
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Mötsch
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan Tuke
- School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Jane Buikstra
- Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Päivi Onkamo
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean (MHAAM), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, München, Germany
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Risch
- Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Haak
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Prüfer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
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Davidson R, Williams MP, Roca-Rada X, Kassadjikova K, Tobler R, Fehren-Schmitz L, Llamas B. Allelic bias when performing in-solution enrichment of ancient human DNA. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1823-1840. [PMID: 37712846 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In-solution hybridisation enrichment of genetic variation is a valuable methodology in human paleogenomics. It allows enrichment of endogenous DNA by targeting genetic markers that are comparable between sequencing libraries. Many studies have used the 1240k reagent-which enriches 1,237,207 genome-wide SNPs-since 2015, though access was restricted. In 2021, Twist Biosciences and Daicel Arbor Biosciences independently released commercial kits that enabled all researchers to perform enrichments for the same 1240 k SNPs. We used the Daicel Arbor Biosciences Prime Plus kit to enrich 132 ancient samples from three continents. We identified a systematic assay bias that increases genetic similarity between enriched samples and that cannot be explained by batch effects. We present the impact of the bias on population genetics inferences (e.g. Principal Components Analysis, ƒ-statistics) and genetic relatedness (READ). We compare the Prime Plus bias to that previously reported of the legacy 1240k enrichment assay. In ƒ-statistics, we find that all Prime-Plus-generated data exhibit artefactual excess shared drift, such that within-continent relationships cannot be correctly determined. The bias is more subtle in READ, though interpretation of the results can still be misleading in specific contexts. We expect the bias may affect analyses we have not yet tested. Our observations support previously reported concerns for the integration of different data types in paleogenomics. We also caution that technological solutions to generate 1240k data necessitate a thorough validation process before their adoption in the paleogenomic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Davidson
- The Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and the Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew P Williams
- The Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and the Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xavier Roca-Rada
- The Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and the Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kalina Kassadjikova
- UCSC Paleogenomics, Department of Anthropology, University of California, California, USA
| | - Raymond Tobler
- The Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and the Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- UCSC Paleogenomics, Department of Anthropology, University of California, California, USA
- UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California, California, USA
| | - Bastien Llamas
- The Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and the Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Indigenous Genomics, Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Llamas B, Roca-Rada X. Paleogenomic study of the Mexican past. Science 2023; 380:578-579. [PMID: 37167404 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ancient DNA analysis of ancestral Mexicans reveals a complex demographic history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Xavier Roca-Rada
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Roca-Rada X, Tereso S, Rohrlach AB, Brito A, Williams MP, Umbelino C, Curate F, Deveson IW, Souilmi Y, Amorim A, Carvalho PC, Llamas B, Teixeira JC. A 1000-year-old case of Klinefelter's syndrome diagnosed by integrating morphology, osteology, and genetics. Lancet 2022; 400:691-692. [PMID: 36030812 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roca-Rada
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sofia Tereso
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Medieval Studies, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adam B Rohrlach
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - André Brito
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matthew P Williams
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cláudia Umbelino
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour, University of Algarve, Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Curate
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ira W Deveson
- Genomics Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yassine Souilmi
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - António Amorim
- Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro C Carvalho
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Indigenous Genomics Research Group, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - João C Teixeira
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Roca-Rada X, Politis G, Messineo PG, Scheifler N, Scabuzzo C, González M, Harkins KM, Reich D, Souilmi Y, Teixeira JC, Llamas B, Fehren-Schmitz L. Ancient mitochondrial genomes from the Argentinian Pampas inform the early peopling of the Southern Cone of South America. iScience 2021; 24:102553. [PMID: 34142055 PMCID: PMC8188552 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Southern Cone of South America (SCSA) is a key region for investigations about the peopling of the Americas. However, little is known about the eastern sector, the Argentinian Pampas. We analyzed 18 mitochondrial genomes—7 of which are novel—from human skeletal remains from 3 Early to Late Holocene archaeological sites. The Pampas present a distinctive genetic makeup compared to other Middle to Late Holocene pre-Columbian SCSA populations. We also report the earliest individuals carrying SCSA-specific mitochondrial haplogroups D1j and D1g from Early and Middle Holocene, respectively. Using these deep calibration time points in Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions, we suggest that the first settlers of the Pampas were part of a single and rapid dispersal ∼15,600 years ago. Finally, we propose that present-day genetic differences between the Pampas and the rest of the SCSA are due to founder effects, genetic drift, and a partial population replacement ∼9,000 years ago. Analysis of 18 ancient human mitochondrial genomes from the Argentinian Pampas. Genetic makeup of Early-Mid Holocene Pampas distinct from later neighboring peoples. Earliest individuals carrying region-specific mitochondrial haplogroups D1j and D1g. First Pampean settlers were part of a single and rapid dispersal ∼15,600 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roca-Rada
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gustavo Politis
- INCUAPA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo G Messineo
- INCUAPA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Scheifler
- INCUAPA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Scabuzzo
- CICYTTP-CONICET, Provincia de Entre Ríos-UADER-División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Dr. Materi y España (3105), Diamante, Entre Ríos Argentina
| | - Mariela González
- INCUAPA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kelly M Harkins
- UCSC Paleogenomics Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yassine Souilmi
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.,Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - João C Teixeira
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.,Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lars Fehren-Schmitz
- UCSC Paleogenomics Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Roca-Rada X, Souilmi Y, Teixeira JC, Llamas B. Ancient DNA Studies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1346. [PMID: 33202852 PMCID: PMC7696771 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoamerica is a historically and culturally defined geographic area comprising current central and south Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and border regions of Honduras, western Nicaragua, and northwestern Costa Rica. The permanent settling of Mesoamerica was accompanied by the development of agriculture and pottery manufacturing (2500 BCE-150 CE), which led to the rise of several cultures connected by commerce and farming. Hence, Mesoamericans probably carried an invaluable genetic diversity partly lost during the Spanish conquest and the subsequent colonial period. Mesoamerican ancient DNA (aDNA) research has mainly focused on the study of mitochondrial DNA in the Basin of Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula and its nearby territories, particularly during the Postclassic period (900-1519 CE). Despite limitations associated with the poor preservation of samples in tropical areas, recent methodological improvements pave the way for a deeper analysis of Mesoamerica. Here, we review how aDNA research has helped discern population dynamics patterns in the pre-Columbian Mesoamerican context, how it supports archaeological, linguistic, and anthropological conclusions, and finally, how it offers new working hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roca-Rada
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.S.); (J.C.T.)
| | - Yassine Souilmi
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.S.); (J.C.T.)
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - João C. Teixeira
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.S.); (J.C.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (Y.S.); (J.C.T.)
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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