1
|
Okul Valentor A, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Kaweesi T, Ozimati A, Mrema E, Mwale E, Gibson P, Achola E, Edema R, Baguma Y, Kawuki R. Plot based heritability estimates and categorization of cassava genotype response to cassava brown streak disease. Crop Prot 2018; 108:39-46. [PMID: 29861529 PMCID: PMC5890358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) caused by Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) is a threat to food security in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease persistently reduces overall root quality and quantity resulting in up to 100% yield losses. Complexities in CBSD symptom expression and the damage caused on leaves, stems and roots throughout the 12 months of cassava growth require that appropriate ways of categorizing genotype response and optimal stages of evaluation be identified. This study aimed at: 1) determining plot based heritability of CBSD based on symptom expression and 2) categorizing genotype resistance to CBSD based on symptom expression. Herein, 41 genotypes were evaluated for two years at Namulonge with an additional evaluation conducted across three locations. Evaluations were done at three, six, nine and twelve months after planting. Genotype responses to CBSD varied significantly. High broad sense heritability estimates of up to 0.81 (incidence) and 0.71 (severity) were obtained. Average disease severity scores had higher broad sense heritability estimates (0.53 and 0.65) than maximum disease severity scores (0.33 and 0.61) for root and foliar severities respectively. These findings are important in choosing an appropriate evaluation method for CBSD. Genotypes displayed differing CBSD responses in type, locality and severity of symptoms. This suggested that genotypes had differences in mechanisms of resistance that can be exploited in CBSD resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Okul Valentor
- Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Corresponding author.
| | - M. Ochwo-Ssemakula
- Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - T. Kaweesi
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Root Crops Program, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A. Ozimati
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Root Crops Program, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E. Mrema
- Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E.S. Mwale
- Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P. Gibson
- Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E. Achola
- Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R. Edema
- Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Y. Baguma
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Root Crops Program, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R. Kawuki
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Root Crops Program, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakabonge G, Samukoya C, Baguma Y. Local varieties of cassava: conservation, cultivation and use in Uganda. Environ Dev Sustain 2017; 20:2427-2445. [PMID: 33312055 PMCID: PMC7680943 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-017-9997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the theory that on-farm conservation of cassava germplasm is influenced by farmers' traditional and cultural preferences of particular varieties. Traditional knowledge practices that are used for on-farm conservation of cassava germplasm as well as cassava attributes for selection were assessed. The findings obtained from the study indicated that farmers use traditional knowledge to select and preserve cassava germplasm for future use. It was also clear that farmers have their preferences such as culinary attributes, storability in the ground, early maturity and cooking quality to mention but a few that influence the decisions taken to retain or abandon cultivation of varieties. Therefore, by planting varieties in multiples plots, replanting immediately after harvesting, sharing with others in the community and planting disease-free materials, farmers ensure that they preserve varieties of interest for decades. The information generated during this study could inform development policies tailored toward ensuring sustainable on-farm conservation of cassava genetic resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Nakabonge
- National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), P. O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C. Samukoya
- National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), P. O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Y. Baguma
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), P.O. Box 295, Entebbe, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mbanzibwa DR, Tian YP, Tugume AK, Patil BL, Yadav JS, Bagewadi B, Abarshi MM, Alicai T, Changadeya W, Mkumbira J, Muli MB, Mukasa SB, Tairo F, Baguma Y, Kyamanywa S, Kullaya A, Maruthi MN, Fauquet CM, Valkonen JPT. Evolution of cassava brown streak disease-associated viruses. J Gen Virol 2010; 92:974-87. [PMID: 21169213 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.026922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has occurred in the Indian Ocean coastal lowlands and some areas of Malawi in East Africa for decades, and makes the storage roots of cassava unsuitable for consumption. CBSD is associated with Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and the recently described Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) [picorna-like (+)ssRNA viruses; genus Ipomovirus; family Potyviridae]. This study reports the first comprehensive analysis on how evolution is shaping the populations of CBSV and UCBSV. The complete genomes of CBSV and UCBSV (four and eight isolates, respectively) were 69.0-70.3 and 73.6-74.4% identical at the nucleotide and polyprotein amino acid sequence levels, respectively. They contained predictable sites of homologous recombination, mostly in the 3'-proximal part (NIb-HAM1h-CP-3'-UTR) of the genome, but no evidence of recombination between the two viruses was found. The CP-encoding sequences of 22 and 45 isolates of CBSV and UCBSV analysed, respectively, were mainly under purifying selection; however, several sites in the central part of CBSV CP were subjected to positive selection. HAM1h (putative nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase) was the least similar protein between CBSV and UCBSV (aa identity approx. 55%). Both termini of HAM1h contained sites under positive selection in UCBSV. The data imply an on-going but somewhat different evolution of CBSV and UCBSV, which is congruent with the recent widespread outbreak of UCBSV in cassava crops in the highland areas (>1000 m above sea level) of East Africa where CBSD has not caused significant problems in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Mbanzibwa
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Alicai T, Omongo CA, Maruthi MN, Hillocks RJ, Baguma Y, Kawuki R, Bua A, Otim-Nape GW, Colvin J. Re-emergence of Cassava Brown Streak Disease in Uganda. Plant Dis 2007; 91:24-29. [PMID: 30781061 DOI: 10.1094/pd-91-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During November 2004, veinal chlorosis on mature cassava leaves, typical of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), was observed at Mukono in central Uganda. Five out of 11 cultivars at the site showed CBSD symptoms (incidence range 4 to 64%). In a survey of farmers' fields, CBSD was observed in Wakiso and Mukono districts. Incidence of cassava mosaic disease was also recorded and averaged 60% for landraces (range 16.7 to 100%) and 20% for resistant varieties (range 0 to 65%). Leaf samples of plants with CBSD symptoms produced an amplicon of 222 bp using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers that amplify a fragment of the coat protein (CP) gene of Cassava brown streak virus. Sequence comparisons based on the amplified CP gene fragment indicated that the isolates have 77 to 82.9% nucleotide and 43.9 to 56.8% amino acid identity with those from Mozambique and Tanzania. There was 95.9 to 99.5% nucleotide and 85.1 to 90.5% amino acid identity among the Ugandan isolates. These results confirm the re-emergence of CBSD in Uganda after it was first observed in the 1930s in cassava introduced from Tanzania and controlled by eradication. Prior to this report, CBSD was known to be restricted to the coastal lowlands of East Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Alicai
- Namulonge Crops Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C A Omongo
- Namulonge Crops Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M N Maruthi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - R J Hillocks
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Y Baguma
- Namulonge Crops Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R Kawuki
- Namulonge Crops Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Bua
- Namulonge Crops Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - G W Otim-Nape
- Namulonge Crops Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| |
Collapse
|