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Borras Capo A, Agustí I, Peralta S, Barral Y, Goday A, Guimerà M, Rodriguez- Revenga L, Manau D, Carmona F. O-117 Prevalence of Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 premutation (FMR1) in young infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve. Implications in clinical practice. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab126.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Are young infertile patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) elegible to perform the FMR1 premutation study?
Summary answer
Study of the FMR1 premutation should be considered in infertile young patients with DOR in order to give them an adequate genetic counselling.
What is known already
FMR1 gene may have some reproductive implications. Most notable is that FMR1 premutation expansions are associated with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), diagnosed by amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea and FSH hormonal levels >25U/L before 40 years old. Presence of FMR1 premutation implies a risk of develop POI up to 24% and having an offspring with fragile X syndrome.
The frequency of FMR1 premutation in general population is estimated in 0.3-0.7%. The role of FMR1 premutation expansions in diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) patients is not clearly established and could be considered as a previous step to POI that may be related to sterility.
Study design, size, duration
Retrospective review of the FMR1 gene study requested in patients of an Assisted Reproduction Unit of a tertiary Hospital in Barcelone from January-2016 to December-2019. A total of 307 cases were evaluated to determine the number of CGG repeat and AGG interruptions to assess the FMR1 gene status.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
A total of 307 samples were assessed. Clinical and reproductive data were collected.
The FMR1 status was requested on patients who present: a) POI (n = 60); b) Family history of the FMR1 mutation (n = 11); c) Infertile normo-ovulatory and young (≤35 years old) women with DOR defined as antral follicle count (AFC) < 7 and antimüllerian hormone <0.8ng/ml (n = 71); d) Miscellaneous (n = 29)
FMR1 was studied in 136 oocyte donors (screened by protocol), this was considered control group.
Main results and the role of chance
Mean age (±SD) of infertile DOR group was 32.7 +/- 2.1 years old (range 26-35) and showed altered ovarian reserve markers: AMH 0.43 ng/ml (SD ± 0.28) and AFC 4.27 (SD ± 2.1) follicles. In this group, 4 FMR1 premutation cases were found.
Mean age (±SD) in control group was 26.28 +/- 5.2 years old and presented normal AMH and AFC values. One FRM1 premutation carrier was detected among 136 patients, prevalence comparable to the non-sterile population.
The prevalence of FRM1 premutation was significantly higher in the DOR infertile group 5,6% vs 0,73% in the donors’ group (p = 0.02). Significant differences were observed also in terms of age and ovarian reserve markers between both groups.
Very few cases of POI patients or family history of Fragile X Syndrome have been evaluated, due to the fact we are not a reference of these kind of patients. Among patients with a family history, 1 case from 11 (9.1%) was detected. In the POI group, three cases of premutation out of 60 (5%) were found.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This is a retrospective study with limited determinations of FMR1 studies. Donor screening and young infertile patients with significant low ovarian reserve are the main indications to request FMR1 status gene, so may lead to a selection bias.
Wider implications of the findings
These results should be confirmed prospectively in a higher population of infertile young patients with DOR, in order to identify the profile of infertile patient with diminished ovarian reserve who are elegible to perfom FMR1 gene premutation to give them an adequate clinical and genetic counselling.
Trial registration number
not apllicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borras Capo
- Reproductive Medicine Specialist, Assisted Human Reproduction Unit. Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Agustí
- Reproductive Medicine Specialist, Assisted Human Reproduction Unit. Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Peralta
- Reproductive Medicine Specialist, Assisted Human Reproduction Unit. Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Barral
- Reproductive Medicine Specialist, Assisted Human Reproduction Unit. Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Goday
- Reproductive Medicine Specialist, Assisted Human Reproduction Unit. Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Guimerà
- Embryologist- B.S, Assisted Human Reproduction Unit. Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Rodriguez- Revenga
- Geneticist, Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsDepartment- Hospital Clinic- Institutd’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer IDIBAPS- Barcelona. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER- ISC III- Madrid, Barcelona, S
| | - D Manau
- Reproductive Medicine Specialist, Assisted Human Reproduction Unit. Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer IDIBAPS- Barcel
| | - F Carmona
- Gynecologist- MD PhD, Gynecology Service. Institut Clínic de Ginecologia- Obstetrícia i Neonatologia ICGON. Hospital Clínic Barcelona. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer IDIBAPS- Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Borrás A, Guimerà M, Barral Y, Agustí I, Manau Trullàs MD. [SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and assisted reproduction]. Clin Invest Ginecol Obstet 2020; 47:96-105. [PMID: 32834306 PMCID: PMC7303616 DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
La pandemia por el nuevo virus SARS-CoV-2 ha provocado un proceso de adaptación a la nueva situación por parte de toda de la sociedad y, con ello, los centros de reproducción asistida. Tras la fase aguda de la crisis sanitaria, en la que se redujo de forma drástica la actividad, se han reanudado los ciclos, guiados por las recomendaciones de las sociedades científicas. En este artículo revisamos toda la información publicada respecto al virus y el sistema reproductivo, señalando la presencia de enzima convertidora de angiotensina tipo ii(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2) en el sistema reproductivo femenino y masculino, a nivel testicular, ovárico, endometrial y a nivel embrionario. Además, realizamos un análisis comparativo entre las recomendaciones de las sociedades científicas en cuanto al cribado de la infección, las normas de funcionamiento y las medidas generales de laboratorio.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borrás
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana Asistida, Servicio de Ginecología, Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obtetricia i Neonatologia (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - M Guimerà
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana Asistida, Servicio de Ginecología, Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obtetricia i Neonatologia (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Y Barral
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana Asistida, Servicio de Ginecología, Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obtetricia i Neonatologia (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - I Agustí
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana Asistida, Servicio de Ginecología, Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obtetricia i Neonatologia (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - M D Manau Trullàs
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana Asistida, Servicio de Ginecología, Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obtetricia i Neonatologia (ICGON), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Sheu YJ, Barral Y, Snyder M. Polarized growth controls cell shape and bipolar bud site selection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:5235-47. [PMID: 10866679 PMCID: PMC85972 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.14.5235-5247.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/1999] [Accepted: 03/15/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between polarized growth and division site selection, two fundamental processes important for proper development of eukaryotes. Diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exhibit an ellipsoidal shape and a specific division pattern (a bipolar budding pattern). We found that the polarity genes SPA2, PEA2, BUD6, and BNI1 participate in a crucial step of bud morphogenesis, apical growth. Deleting these genes results in round cells and diminishes bud elongation in mutants that exhibit pronounced apical growth. Examination of distribution of the polarized secretion marker Sec4 demonstrates that spa2Delta, pea2Delta, bud6Delta, and bni1Delta mutants fail to concentrate Sec4 at the bud tip during apical growth and at the division site during repolarization just prior to cytokinesis. Moreover, cell surface expansion is not confined to the distal tip of the bud in these mutants. In addition, we found that the p21-activated kinase homologue Ste20 is also important for both apical growth and bipolar bud site selection. We further examined how the duration of polarized growth affects bipolar bud site selection by using mutations in cell cycle regulators that control the timing of growth phases. The grr1Delta mutation enhances apical growth by stabilizing G(1) cyclins and increases the distal-pole budding in diploids. Prolonging polarized growth phases by disrupting the G(2)/M cyclin gene CLB2 enhances the accuracy of bud site selection in wild-type, spa2Delta, and ste20Delta cells, whereas shortening the polarized growth phases by deleting SWE1 decreases the fidelity of bipolar budding. This study reports the identification of components required for apical growth and demonstrates the critical role of polarized growth in bipolar bud site selection. We propose that apical growth and repolarization at the site of cytokinesis are crucial for establishing spatial cues used by diploid yeast cells to position division planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Sheu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
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Abstract
Formation and maintenance of specialized plasma membrane domains are crucial for many biological processes, such as cell polarization and signaling. During isotropic bud growth, the yeast cell periphery is divided into two domains: the bud surface, an active site of exocytosis and growth, and the relatively quiescent surface of the mother cell. We found that cells lacking septins at the bud neck failed to maintain the exocytosis and morphogenesis factors Spa2, Sec3, Sec5, and Myo2 in the bud during isotropic growth. Furthermore, we found that septins were required for proper regulation of actin patch stability; septin-defective cells permitted to enter isotropic growth lost actin and growth polarity. We propose that septins maintain cell polarity by specifying a boundary between cortical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Barral
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Bouquin N, Barral Y, Courbeyrette R, Blondel M, Snyder M, Mann C. Regulation of cytokinesis by the Elm1 protein kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 ( Pt 8):1435-45. [PMID: 10725226 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.8.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant unable to grow in a cdc28-1N background was isolated and shown to be affected in the ELM1 gene. Elm1 is a protein kinase, thought to be a negative regulator of pseudo-hyphal growth. We show that Cdc11, one of the septins, is delocalised in the mutant, indicating that septin localisation is partly controlled by Elm1. Moreover, we show that cytokinesis is delayed in an elm1delta mutant. Elm1 levels peak at the end of the cell cycle and Elm1 is localised at the bud neck in a septin-dependent fashion from bud emergence until the completion of anaphase, at about the time of cell division. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggest that Elm1 and the three other septin-localised protein kinases, Hsl1, Gin4 and Kcc4, work in parallel pathways to regulate septin behaviour and cytokinesis. In addition, the elm1delta;) morphological defects can be suppressed by deletion of the SWE1 gene, but not the cytokinesis defect nor the septin mislocalisation. Our results indicate that cytokinesis in budding yeast is regulated by Elm1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bouquin
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Bâtiment 142, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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Barral Y, Parra M, Bidlingmaier S, Snyder M. Nim1-related kinases coordinate cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton in yeast. Genes Dev 1999; 13:176-87. [PMID: 9925642 PMCID: PMC316392 DOI: 10.1101/gad.13.2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/1998] [Accepted: 11/23/1998] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that couple cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton are poorly understood. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Swe1 protein has been shown previously to phosphorylate and inactivate the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc28, thereby delaying the onset of mitosis. The nim1-related protein kinase, Hsl1, induces entry into mitosis by negatively regulating Swe1. We have found that Hsl1 physically associates with the septin cytoskeleton in vivo and that Hsl1 kinase activity depends on proper septin function. Genetic analysis indicates that two additional Hsl1-related kinases, Kcc4 and Gin4, act redundantly with Hsl1 to regulate Swe1. Kcc4, like Hsl1 and Gin4, was found to localize to the bud neck in a septin-dependent fashion. Interestingly, hsl1 kcc4 gin4 triple mutants develop a cellular morphology extremely similar to that of septin mutants. Consistent with the idea that Hsl1, Kcc4, and Gin4 link entry into mitosis to proper septin organization, we find that septin mutants incubated at the restrictive temperature trigger a Swe1-dependent mitotic delay that is necessary to maintain cell viability. These results reveal for the first time how cells monitor the organization of their cytoskeleton and demonstrate the existence of a cell cycle checkpoint that responds to defects in the peripheral cytoskeleton. Moreover, Hsl1, Kcc4, and Gin4 have homologs in higher eukaryotes, suggesting that the regulation of Swe1/Wee1 by this class of kinases is highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Barral
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103 USA
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Abstract
Entry into a new cell cycle is triggered by environmental signals at a point called Start in G1 phase. A key regulator of this transition step in yeast is the CDC28 kinase together with its short-lived regulatory subunits called G1-cyclins or CLN proteins. To identify genes involved in G1-cyclin degradation, we employed a genetic screen by selecting for stable CLN1-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. Surprisingly, one group of mutants was found to be allelic to GRR1, a gene previously described to be involved in glucose uptake, glucose repression, and divalent cation transport. In grr1 mutants, both CLN1 and CLN2 cyclins are significantly stabilized. A suppressor analysis indicated that G1-cyclin stabilization in grr1 was not a consequence of the nutrient uptake defect. This suggests that the GRR1 gene product is part of a common regulatory pathway linking two functions important for cell growth, nutrient uptake, and G1 cyclin-controlled cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Barral
- Départment de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Barral Y, Mann C. [G1 cyclin degradation and cell differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. C R Acad Sci III 1995; 318:43-50. [PMID: 7757803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can undergo pseudohyphal differentiation upon limited starvation for nitrogen. This differentiation is characterized by a hyperpolarized cell growth that gives rise to elongated cells. These elongated cells can form chains that penetrate an agar surface. The study of the grr1 mutant, affected in the degradation of the G1 cyclins, showed that the stabilization of Cln1 and Cln2 leads to a similar hyperpolarized cell growth. We suggest that G1 cyclin stability is a key element controlling cellular morphogenesis. Examination of G1 cyclin turnover during pseudohyphal growth strongly supports this hypothesis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is thus an interesting model for studying the interconnections between cell cycle control and cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Barral
- Service de biochimie et génétique moléculaire, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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