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Fujino T, Takakura S, Chinone Y, Hasegawa M, Hazumi M, Katayama N, Lee AT, Matsumura T, Minami Y, Nishino H. Characterization of a half-wave plate for cosmic microwave background circular polarization measurement with POLARBEAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:064502. [PMID: 37862532 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A half-wave plate (HWP) is often used as a modulator to suppress systematic error in the measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. A HWP can also be used to measure circular polarization (CP) through its optical leakage from CP to linear polarization. The CP of the CMB is predicted from various sources, such as interactions in the Universe and extension of the standard model. Interaction with supernova remnants of population III stars is one of the brightest CP sources. Thus, the observation of the CP of CMB is a new tool for searching for population III stars. In this paper, we demonstrate the improved measurement of the leakage coefficient using the transmission measurement of an actual HWP in the laboratory. We measured the transmittance of linearly polarized light through the HWP used in Polarbear in the frequency range of 120-160 GHz. We evaluate the properties of the HWP by fitting the data with a physical model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. We then estimate the band-averaged CP leakage coefficient using the physical model. We find that the leakage coefficient strongly depends on the spectra of CP sources. We thus calculate the maximum fractional leakage coefficient from CP to linear polarization as 0.133 ± 0.009 in the Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum. The nonzero value shows that Polarbear has a sensitivity to CP. Additionally, because we use the bandpass of detectors installed in the telescope to calculate the band-averaged values, we also consider systematic effects in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujino
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - S Takakura
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Y Chinone
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - M Hasegawa
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Miura District, Kanagawa, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
| | - M Hazumi
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Miura District, Kanagawa, Hayama 240-0115, Japan
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Katayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - A T Lee
- International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Matsumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Minami
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - H Nishino
- Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Adachi S, Aguilar Faúndez MAO, Akiba Y, Ali A, Arnold K, Baccigalupi C, Barron D, Beck D, Bianchini F, Borrill J, Carron J, Cheung K, Chinone Y, Crowley K, El Bouhargani H, Elleflot T, Errard J, Fabbian G, Feng C, Fujino T, Goeckner-Wald N, Hasegawa M, Hazumi M, Hill CA, Howe L, Katayama N, Keating B, Kikuchi S, Kusaka A, Lee AT, Leon D, Linder E, Lowry LN, Matsuda F, Matsumura T, Minami Y, Namikawa T, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Peloton J, Pham ATP, Poletti D, Puglisi G, Reichardt CL, Segawa Y, Sherwin BD, Silva-Feaver M, Siritanasak P, Stompor R, Tajima O, Takatori S, Tanabe D, Teply GP, Vergès C. Internal Delensing of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization B-Modes with the POLARBEAR Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:131301. [PMID: 32302154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.131301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using only cosmic microwave background polarization data from the polarbear experiment, we measure B-mode polarization delensing on subdegree scales at more than 5σ significance. We achieve a 14% B-mode power variance reduction, the highest to date for internal delensing, and improve this result to 22% by applying for the first time an iterative maximum a posteriori delensing method. Our analysis demonstrates the capability of internal delensing as a means of improving constraints on inflationary models, paving the way for the optimal analysis of next-generation primordial B-mode experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adachi
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M A O Aguilar Faúndez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
| | - Y Akiba
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - A Ali
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Arnold
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - C Baccigalupi
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IFPU), Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Barron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - D Beck
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - F Bianchini
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J Borrill
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Carron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Chinone
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Berkeley Satellite, the University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Crowley
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H El Bouhargani
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - T Elleflot
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Errard
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - G Fabbian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - C Feng
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Fujino
- Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - N Goeckner-Wald
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Hazumi
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - C A Hill
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Howe
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - N Katayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - B Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - S Kikuchi
- Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - A Kusaka
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Berkeley Satellite, the University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A T Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Leon
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - E Linder
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L N Lowry
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - F Matsuda
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Matsumura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Y Minami
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Namikawa
- DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - M Navaroli
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - H Nishino
- Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J Peloton
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - A T P Pham
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - D Poletti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IFPU), Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Puglisi
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C L Reichardt
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Y Segawa
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - B D Sherwin
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OHA, United Kingdom
| | - M Silva-Feaver
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - P Siritanasak
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - R Stompor
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - O Tajima
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Takatori
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - D Tanabe
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - G P Teply
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - C Vergès
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
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3
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Matsuda F, Lowry L, Suzuki A, Aguilar Fáundez M, Arnold K, Barron D, Bianchini F, Cheung K, Chinone Y, Elleflot T, Fabbian G, Goeckner-Wald N, Hasegawa M, Kaneko D, Katayama N, Keating B, Lee AT, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Paar H, Puglisi G, Richards PL, Seibert J, Siritanasak P, Tajima O, Takatori S, Tsai C, Westbrook B. The POLARBEAR Fourier transform spectrometer calibrator and spectroscopic characterization of the POLARBEAR instrument. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:115115. [PMID: 31779409 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe the Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) used for in-field testing of the POLARBEAR receiver, an experiment located in the Atacama Desert of Chile which measures the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. The POLARBEAR-FTS (PB-FTS) is a Martin-Puplett interferometer designed to couple to the Huan Tran Telescope (HTT) on which the POLARBEAR receiver is installed. The PB-FTS measured the spectral response of the POLARBEAR receiver with signal-to-noise ratio >20 for ∼69% of the focal plane detectors due to three features: a high throughput of 15.1 sr cm2, optimized optical coupling to the POLARBEAR optics using a custom designed output parabolic mirror, and a continuously modulated output polarizer. The PB-FTS parabolic mirror is designed to mimic the shape of the 2.5 m-diameter HTT primary reflector, which allows for optimum optical coupling to the POLARBEAR receiver, reducing aberrations and systematics. One polarizing grid is placed at the output of the PB-FTS and modulated via continuous rotation. This modulation allows for decomposition of the signal into different harmonics that can be used to probe potentially pernicious sources of systematic error in a polarization-sensitive instrument. The high throughput and continuous output polarizer modulation features are unique compared to other FTS calibrators used in the CMB field. In-field characterization of the POLARBEAR receiver was accomplished using the PB-FTS in April 2014. We discuss the design, construction, and operation of the PB-FTS and present the spectral characterization of the POLARBEAR receiver. We introduce future applications for the PB-FTS in the next-generation CMB experiment, the Simons Array.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Matsuda
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study,The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - L Lowry
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - A Suzuki
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Aguilar Fáundez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - K Arnold
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Barron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - F Bianchini
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - K Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Chinone
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study,The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Elleflot
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - G Fabbian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - N Goeckner-Wald
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - D Kaneko
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study,The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - N Katayama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study,The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - B Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - A T Lee
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Navaroli
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - H Nishino
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H Paar
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - G Puglisi
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P L Richards
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Seibert
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - P Siritanasak
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - O Tajima
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Takatori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - C Tsai
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - B Westbrook
- Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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P. A. R. Ade TPC, Akiba Y, Anthony AE, Arnold K, Atlas M, Barron D, Boettger D, Borrill J, Chapman S, Chinone Y, Dobbs M, Elleflot T, Errard J, Fabbian G, Feng C, Flanigan D, Gilbert A, Grainger W, Halverson NW, Hasegawa M, Hattori K, Hazumi M, Holzapfel WL, Hori Y, Howard J, Hyland P, Inoue Y, Jaehnig GC, Jaffe AH, Keating B, Kermish Z, Keskitalo R, Kisner T, Le Jeune M, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Linder E, Lungu M, Matsuda F, Matsumura T, Meng X, Miller NJ, Morii H, Moyerman S, Myers MJ, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Orlando A, Paar H, Peloton J, Poletti D, Quealy E, Rebeiz G, Reichardt CL, Richards PL, Ross C, Schanning I, Schenck DE, Sherwin BD, Shimizu A, Shimmin C, Shimon M, Siritanasak P, Smecher G, Spieler H, Stebor N, Steinbach B, Stompor R, Suzuki A, Takakura S, Tomaru T, Wilson B, Yadav A, Zahn O. A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUNDB-MODE POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT SUB-DEGREE SCALES WITH POLARBEAR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/794/2/171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Ade PAR, Akiba Y, Anthony AE, Arnold K, Atlas M, Barron D, Boettger D, Borrill J, Chapman S, Chinone Y, Dobbs M, Elleflot T, Errard J, Fabbian G, Feng C, Flanigan D, Gilbert A, Grainger W, Halverson NW, Hasegawa M, Hattori K, Hazumi M, Holzapfel WL, Hori Y, Howard J, Hyland P, Inoue Y, Jaehnig GC, Jaffe A, Keating B, Kermish Z, Keskitalo R, Kisner T, Le Jeune M, Lee AT, Linder E, Leitch EM, Lungu M, Matsuda F, Matsumura T, Meng X, Miller NJ, Morii H, Moyerman S, Myers MJ, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Paar H, Peloton J, Quealy E, Rebeiz G, Reichardt CL, Richards PL, Ross C, Schanning I, Schenck DE, Sherwin B, Shimizu A, Shimmin C, Shimon M, Siritanasak P, Smecher G, Spieler H, Stebor N, Steinbach B, Stompor R, Suzuki A, Takakura S, Tomaru T, Wilson B, Yadav A, Zahn O. Measurement of the cosmic microwave background polarization lensing power spectrum with the POLARBEAR experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:021301. [PMID: 25062161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.021301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gravitational lensing due to the large-scale distribution of matter in the cosmos distorts the primordial cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby induces new, small-scale B-mode polarization. This signal carries detailed information about the distribution of all the gravitating matter between the observer and CMB last scattering surface. We report the first direct evidence for polarization lensing based on purely CMB information, from using the four-point correlations of even- and odd-parity E- and B-mode polarization mapped over ∼30 square degrees of the sky measured by the POLARBEAR experiment. These data were analyzed using a blind analysis framework and checked for spurious systematic contamination using null tests and simulations. Evidence for the signal of polarization lensing and lensing B modes is found at 4.2σ (stat+sys) significance. The amplitude of matter fluctuations is measured with a precision of 27%, and is found to be consistent with the Lambda cold dark matter cosmological model. This measurement demonstrates a new technique, capable of mapping all gravitating matter in the Universe, sensitive to the sum of neutrino masses, and essential for cleaning the lensing B-mode signal in searches for primordial gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Akiba
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - A E Anthony
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Arnold
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - M Atlas
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Barron
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Boettger
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Borrill
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Chapman
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Y Chinone
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Dobbs
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - T Elleflot
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Errard
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Fabbian
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France and International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34014, Italy
| | - C Feng
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Flanigan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Gilbert
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - W Grainger
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Swindon SN2 1SZ, United Kingdom
| | - N W Halverson
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M Hasegawa
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Hattori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Hazumi
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - W L Holzapfel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Hori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Howard
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - P Hyland
- Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, Texas 75090, USA
| | - Y Inoue
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - G C Jaehnig
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A Jaffe
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - Z Kermish
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Keskitalo
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Kisner
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Le Jeune
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A T Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - E Linder
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Lungu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Matsuda
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Matsumura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - X Meng
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N J Miller
- Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - H Morii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Moyerman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - M J Myers
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Navaroli
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - H Nishino
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - H Paar
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Peloton
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - E Quealy
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Physics Department, Napa Valley College, Napa, California 94558, USA
| | - G Rebeiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - C L Reichardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P L Richards
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Ross
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - I Schanning
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - D E Schenck
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - B Sherwin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Shimizu
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - C Shimmin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Shimon
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA and School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Siritanasak
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - G Smecher
- Three-Speed Logic, Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia V6A 2J8, Canada
| | - H Spieler
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - N Stebor
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - B Steinbach
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Stompor
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Takakura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Tomaru
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - B Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0424, USA
| | - O Zahn
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 92093-0424, USA
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6
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Ade PAR, Akiba Y, Anthony AE, Arnold K, Atlas M, Barron D, Boettger D, Borrill J, Borys C, Chapman S, Chinone Y, Dobbs M, Elleflot T, Errard J, Fabbian G, Feng C, Flanigan D, Gilbert A, Grainger W, Halverson NW, Hasegawa M, Hattori K, Hazumi M, Holzapfel WL, Hori Y, Howard J, Hyland P, Inoue Y, Jaehnig GC, Jaffe A, Keating B, Kermish Z, Keskitalo R, Kisner T, Le Jeune M, Lee AT, Leitch EM, Linder E, Lungu M, Matsuda F, Matsumura T, Meng X, Miller NJ, Morii H, Moyerman S, Myers MJ, Navaroli M, Nishino H, Paar H, Peloton J, Poletti D, Quealy E, Rebeiz G, Reichardt CL, Richards PL, Ross C, Rotermund K, Schanning I, Schenck DE, Sherwin BD, Shimizu A, Shimmin C, Shimon M, Siritanasak P, Smecher G, Spieler H, Stebor N, Steinbach B, Stompor R, Suzuki A, Takakura S, Tikhomirov A, Tomaru T, Wilson B, Yadav A, Zahn O. Evidence for gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background polarization from cross-correlation with the cosmic infrared background. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:131302. [PMID: 24745402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.131302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We reconstruct the gravitational lensing convergence signal from cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization data taken by the Polarbear experiment and cross-correlate it with cosmic infrared background maps from the Herschel satellite. From the cross spectra, we obtain evidence for gravitational lensing of the CMB polarization at a statistical significance of 4.0σ and indication of the presence of a lensing B-mode signal at a significance of 2.3σ. We demonstrate that our results are not biased by instrumental and astrophysical systematic errors by performing null tests, checks with simulated and real data, and analytical calculations. This measurement of polarization lensing, made via the robust cross-correlation channel, not only reinforces POLARBEAR auto-correlation measurements, but also represents one of the early steps towards establishing CMB polarization lensing as a powerful new probe of cosmology and astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A R Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Akiba
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - A E Anthony
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - K Arnold
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - M Atlas
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Barron
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Boettger
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Borrill
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Borys
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - S Chapman
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Y Chinone
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Dobbs
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - T Elleflot
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Errard
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G Fabbian
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France and International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34014, Italy
| | - C Feng
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D Flanigan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A Gilbert
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - W Grainger
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Swindon, SN2 1SZ, United Kingdom
| | - N W Halverson
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - M Hasegawa
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Hattori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Hazumi
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - W L Holzapfel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Y Hori
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Howard
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - P Hyland
- Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090, USA
| | - Y Inoue
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - G C Jaehnig
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - A Jaffe
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Keating
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - Z Kermish
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - R Keskitalo
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Kisner
- Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Le Jeune
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A T Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - E M Leitch
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - E Linder
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Lungu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F Matsuda
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - T Matsumura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - X Meng
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N J Miller
- Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - H Morii
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Moyerman
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - M J Myers
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Navaroli
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - H Nishino
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - H Paar
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - J Peloton
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - D Poletti
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - E Quealy
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Department, Napa Valley College, Napa, CA 94558, USA
| | - G Rebeiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - C L Reichardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P L Richards
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Ross
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - K Rotermund
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - I Schanning
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - D E Schenck
- Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - B D Sherwin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Shimizu
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - C Shimmin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M Shimon
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA and School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Siritanasak
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - G Smecher
- Three-Speed Logic, Inc., Vancouver, B.C., V6A 2J8, Canada
| | - H Spieler
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N Stebor
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - B Steinbach
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R Stompor
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S Takakura
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - A Tikhomirov
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - T Tomaru
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - B Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - A Yadav
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA
| | - O Zahn
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Ishidoshiro K, Chinone Y, Hasegawa M, Hazumi M, Nagai M, Tajima O. Note: innovative demodulation scheme for coherent detectors in cosmic microwave background experiments. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:056104. [PMID: 22667668 DOI: 10.1063/1.4719922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose an innovative demodulation scheme for coherent detectors used in cosmic microwave background polarization experiments. Removal of non-white noise, e.g., narrow-band noise, in detectors is one of the key requirements for the experiments. A combination of modulation and demodulation is used to extract polarization signals as well as to suppress such noise. Traditional demodulation, which is based on the two-point numerical differentiation, works as a first-order high pass filter for the noise. The proposed demodulation is based on the three-point numerical differentiation. It works as a second-order high pass filter. By using a real detector, we confirmed significant improvements of suppression power for the narrow-band noise. We also found improvement of the noise floor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishidoshiro
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
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8
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Hasegawa M, Tajima O, Chinone Y, Hazumi M, Ishidoshiro K, Nagai M. Calibration system with cryogenically-cooled loads for cosmic microwave background polarization detectors. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:054501. [PMID: 21639525 DOI: 10.1063/1.3590931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel system to calibrate millimeter-wave polarimeters for cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization measurements. This technique is an extension of the conventional metal mirror rotation approach, however, it employs cryogenically-cooled blackbody absorbers. The primary advantage of this system is that it can generate a slightly polarized signal (∼100 mK) in the laboratory; this is at a similar level to that measured by ground-based CMB polarization experiments observing a ∼10 K sky. It is important to reproduce the observing condition in the laboratory for reliable characterization of polarimeters before deployment. In this paper, we present the design and principle of the system and demonstrate its use with a coherent-type polarimeter used for an actual CMB polarization experiment. This technique can also be applied to incoherent-type polarimeters and it is very promising for the next-generation CMB polarization experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasegawa
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
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