Bio-guided Isolation of Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Compounds from Vietnamese Lichen Roccella montagnei

A bio-guided isolation was applied to the Vietnamese lichen Roccella montagnei based on alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Six compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated, including a new ortho depside, montagneside A (1), together with five known compounds, sekikaic acid (2), lanost-7-en-3β-ol (3), ethyl orsellinate (4), D-montagnetol (5), and D-erythrin (6). Their chemical structures were identified by extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and comparisons with those reported in the literature. D-Erythrin (6), a major component, was selected for further modification using Smiles rearrangement. Three erythritol derivatives 6a-6c were synthesized. Compounds 1-3, 6, and 6a-6c were evaluated for alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Compounds 2 and 6a-6c showed significant alpha-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 7.9 to 149 µM, respectively. Molecular docking was applied to the most active compound 6a to clarify the inhibitory mechanism.

Bio-guided isolation of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from Vietnamese Garcinia schomburgkiana fruits: in vitro and in silico studies

Garcinia schomburgkiana is an edible tree widely distributed in the southern region of Vietnam. Little is known about the alpha-glucosidase inhibition of the Vietnamese Garcinia schomburgkiana. The aim of the current study was to explore the anti-diabetic potential of G. schomburgkiana fruits. All the fractions of G. schomburgkiana were evaluated for alpha-glucosidase inhibition, followed by bioassay-guided isolation. A new compound, epi-guttiferone Q (1), together with ten known compounds, guttiferones I-K (2-3), hypersampsone I (4), sampsonione D (5), sampsonione H (6), β-mangostin (7), α-mangostin (8), 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (9), and fuscaxanthone (10), were isolated and structurally elucidated. The structure of the new metabolite 1 was confirmed through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and MS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the metabolites (except 3) have not been isolated from this plant previously. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Compounds 1-6 showed potent activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.2 to 130.6 μM. Compound 2 was further selected for a kinetic study. The result indicated that it was a competitive type. Additionally, in silico docking was employed to predict the binding mechanism of 1-2 and 4-6 in the active site of alpha-glucosidase, suggesting their potential as promising anti-diabetic compounds. Molecular dynamic simulation was also applied to 1 to better understand its inhibitory mechanism.

Bioactive-Guided Phytochemical Investigations, In Vitro and In Silico Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition of Two Vietnamese Medicinal Plants Dicranopteris linearis and Psychotria adenophylla

Little is known about the chemical and biological profiles of Dicranopteris linearis and Psychotria adenophylla. No previous studies have investigated alpha-glucosidase inhibition using extracts from D. linearis and P. adenophylla. In this paper, bioactive-guided isolation procedures were applied to the plants D. linearis and P. adenophylla based on alpha-glucosidase inhibition. From the most active fractions, 20 compounds (DL1-DL13 and PA1-PA7) were isolated. The chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data and compared with those available in the literature. These compounds were evaluated for alpha-glucosidase inhibition, while a molecular docking study was performed to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Consequently, D. linearis and P. adenophylla might serve as a good potential for developing new antidiabetic preparations.

New Halogenated Flavonoids from Adenosma bracteosum and Vitex negundo and Their α-Glucosidase Inhibition

Adenosma bracteosum and Vitex negundo are natural sources of methoxylated flavonoids. Little is known about the α-glucosidase inhibition of multi-methoxylated flavonoid derivatives. Eighteen natural flavonoids were isolated from A. bracteosum and V. negundo. Seven halogenated derivatives were synthesized. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectroscopy as well as comparisons in literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibition. Most compounds showed good activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.7 to 421.8 μM. 6,8-Dibromocatechin was the most active compound with an IC50 value of 16.7 μM. A molecular docking study was conducted, indicating that those compounds are potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.