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Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Cavalloni G, Pignochino Y, Sangiolo D, De Cecco L, Marchesi E, Ribero D, Scarpa A, De Rose AM, Giuliani A, Calise F, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Aglietta M, Chiorino G, Leone F. Transcriptomic analysis and mutational status of IDH1 in paired primary-recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:440. [PMID: 29871612 PMCID: PMC5989353 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective target therapies for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have not been identified so far. One of the reasons may be the genetic evolution from primary (PR) to recurrent (REC) tumors. We aim to identify peculiar characteristics and to select potential targets specific for recurrent tumors. Eighteen ICC paired PR and REC tumors were collected from 5 Italian Centers. Eleven pairs were analyzed for gene expression profiling and 16 for mutational status of IDH1. For one pair, deep mutational analysis by Next Generation Sequencing was also carried out. An independent cohort of patients was used for validation. Results Two class-paired comparison yielded 315 differentially expressed genes between REC and PR tumors. Up-regulated genes in RECs are involved in RNA/DNA processing, cell cycle, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), resistance to apoptosis, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Down-regulated genes participate to epithelial cell differentiation, proteolysis, apoptotic, immune response, and inflammatory processes. A 24 gene signature is able to discriminate RECs from PRs in an independent cohort; FANCG is statistically associated with survival in the chol-TCGA dataset. IDH1 was mutated in the RECs of five patients; 4 of them displayed the mutation only in RECs. Deep sequencing performed in one patient confirmed the IDH1 mutation in REC. Conclusions RECs are enriched for genes involved in EMT, resistance to apoptosis, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Key players of these pathways might be considered druggable targets in RECs. IDH1 is mutated in 30% of RECs, becoming both a marker of progression and a target for therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4829-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peraldo-Neia
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy.
| | - P Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - G Cavalloni
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Y Pignochino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - D Sangiolo
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - L De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - E Marchesi
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Ribero
- Division of Hepatobilio-Pancreatic and Colorectal Surgery, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, Candiolo, Italy
| | - A Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A M De Rose
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Giuliani
- Department of Health's Sciences and Medicine "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Calise
- Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - C Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - P Invernizzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,UOC di Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - M Aglietta
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - G Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - F Leone
- Medical Oncology Division, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
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2
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Leuci V, Casucci GM, Grignani G, Rotolo R, Rossotti U, Vigna E, Gammaitoni L, Mesiano G, Fiorino E, Donini C, Pisacane A, Ambrosio LD, Pignochino Y, Aglietta M, Bondanza A, Sangiolo D. CD44v6 as innovative sarcoma target for CAR-redirected CIK cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1423167. [PMID: 29721373 PMCID: PMC5927525 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1423167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of our study was to explore a new immunotherapy for high grade soft tissue sarcomas (STS) based on cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) redirected with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against the tumor-promoting antigen CD44v6. We aimed at generating bipotential killers, combining the CAR specificity with the intrinsic tumor-killing ability of CIK cells (CAR+.CIK). We set a patient-derived experimental platform. CAR+.CIK were generated by transduction of CIK precursors with a lentiviral vector encoding for anti-CD44v6-CAR. CAR+.CIK were characterized and assessed in vitro against multiple histotypes of patient-derived STS. The anti-sarcoma activity of CAR+.CIK was confirmed in a STS xenograft model. CD44v6 was expressed by 40% (11/27) of patient-derived STS. CAR+.CIK were efficiently expanded from patients (n = 12) and killed multiple histotypes of STS (including autologous targets, n = 4). The killing activity was significantly higher compared with unmodified CIK, especially at low effector/target (E/T) ratios: 98% vs 82% (E/T = 10:1) and 68% vs 26% (1:4), (p<0.0001). Specificity of tumor killing was confirmed by blocking with anti-CD44v6 antibody. CAR+.CIK produced higher amounts of IL6 and IFN-γ compared to control CIK. CAR+.CIK were highly active in mice bearing subcutaneous STS xenografts, with significant delay of tumor growth (p<0.0001) without toxicities. We report first evidence of CAR+.CIK's activity against high grade STS and propose CD44v6 as an innovative target in this setting. CIK are a valuable platform for the translation of CAR-based strategies to challenging field of solid tumors. Our findings support the exploration of CAR+.CIK in clinical trials against high grade STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Leuci
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - G M Casucci
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - G Grignani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - R Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - U Rossotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - E Vigna
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Laboratory of Gene Transfer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - L Gammaitoni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - G Mesiano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - E Fiorino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Pisacane
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, (TO), Italy
| | - L D Ambrosio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Y Pignochino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - M Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - A Bondanza
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - D Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
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3
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Pignochino Y, Capozzi F, Dell'Aglio C, Basiricò M, D'ambrosio L, Galizia D, Palesandro E, Benassi M, Aglietta M, Grignani G. 350 Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibitors Potentiate Trabectedin Activity in Preclinical Models of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grignani G, Palmerini E, Dileo P, Asaftei SD, D'Ambrosio L, Pignochino Y, Mercuri M, Picci P, Fagioli F, Casali PG, Ferrari S, Aglietta M. A phase II trial of sorafenib in relapsed and unresectable high-grade osteosarcoma after failure of standard multimodal therapy: an Italian Sarcoma Group study. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:508-16. [PMID: 21527590 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE After standard multimodal therapy, the prognosis of relapsed and unresectable high-grade osteosarcoma is dismal and unchanged over the last decades. Recently, mitogen-activated protein kinases were shown to be activated in osteosarcoma specimens, suggesting, therefore, they are suitable targets for the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib. Thus, we explored sorafenib activity in patients with relapsed and unresectable osteosarcoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients > 14 years, progressing after standard treatment, were eligible to receive 400 mg of sorafenib twice daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 4 months. Secondary objectives were PFS, overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate (CBR), defined as no progression at 6 months and safety. This nonrandomized phase II study used a Simon two-stage design. PFS and OS at 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. All tests were two sided. RESULTS Thirty-five patients were enrolled. PFS at 4 months was 46% (95% CI 28% to 63%). Median PFS and OS were 4 (95% CI 2-5) and 7 (95% CI 7-8) months, respectively. The CBR was 29% (95% CI 13% to 44%). We observed 3 (8%) partial responses (PRs), 2 (6%) minor responses (< 30% tumor shrinkage) and 12 (34%) stable diseases (SDs). For six patients (17%), PR/SD lasted ≥ 6 months. Noteworthy, tumor density reduction and [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography responses were observed among SD patients. Sorafenib was reduced or briefly interrupted in 16 (46%) patients and permanently discontinued in one (3%) case due to toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Sorafenib demonstrated activity as a second- or third-line treatment in terms of PFS at 4 months with some unprecedented long-lasting responses. Sorafenib, the first targeted therapy showing activity in osteosarcoma patients, deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grignani
- Medical Oncology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy.
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Pignochino Y, Inghilleri S, Zorzetto M, Luisetti M, Morbini P, Aglietta M, Pozzi E, Stella G. 133 mTOR is a druggable molecule in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma targeted therapy: antiproliferative effect of sorafenib and everolimus in preclinical models. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Pignochino Y, Grignani G, Basiricò M, Cavalloni G, Motta M, Bruno S, Aliberti S, Alberghini M, Picci P, Aglietta M. Antiproliferative effect of mTOR inhibitor everolimus (EV) alone or in combination with multikinase inhibitor (MK-I) sorafenib (SOR) in preclinical models of osteosarcoma (OS). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pignochino Y, Grignani G, Cavalloni G, Motta M, Bruno S, Camussi G, Ferrari S, Picci P, Berger M, Aglietta M. Antitumor activity of sorafenib in osteosarcoma (OS) preclinical models. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Aglietta M, Pignochino Y, Cavalloni G, Sarotto I, Penachioni J, Zanon C, Migliardi G, Piacibello W, Risio M, Bardelli A, Leone F. Somatic mutations of EGFR signal transducers and expression of tumor suppressor PTEN in biliary tract carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4582 Background: Biliary tract carcinomas express EGFR and are potential candidates to EGFR target therapies. We recently described somatic mutations of EGFR that can enhance MAPK or Akt activation (Clin Cancer Res, 2006). Some of them are identical to those previously reported to confer sensitivity to some tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like erlotinib or gefitinib in lung cancer. Here we report a molecular analysis of EGFR transducers potentially involved in TKI response. Methods: In 49 samples of biliary tract carcinoma we performed mutational analysis of exons from 18 to 21 of EGFR, exons 9 and 20 of phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K), exon 2 of K-Ras, exon 15 of B-Raf and exons from 5 to 8 of PTEN. Nuclear PTEN expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the expression in cancer cells was compared to that of normal cholangiocites. Results: Mutations of EGFR have been detected in 7 out of 49 samples (14.3%). One of them was a new stop-codon mutation. Five hotspot mutations of PI3K (codon 545, 546, 1048 and 1059) were found in 4 cases (8.2%); 3 cases (6.1%) had single mutations in K-Ras and 4 (8.2%) had the V599E mutation in B-Raf. In some samples, mutations of multiple trasducers were present simultaneously. PI3K mutations were significantly more frequent in EGFR mutated samples compared to wild type (28% vs. 4.7% respectively, p<0.05). A single F271L mutation of PTEN was observed (2%). We did not find loss of nuclear PTEN in biliary tract carcinoma cells; rather, a stronger labelling intensity (score 2+ or 3+) was present in biliary tract carcinoma compared to normal cholangiocites (score 1+). Moreover, the median percentage of PTEN labeled nuclei in tumor cells was 31.8%, but in samples with activating EGFR mutation was 60%, suggesting that a compensatory change in the level of the phosphatase might counteract the EGFR activition. Conclusions: These results corroborate our previous finding of EGFR pathway activation in EGFR mutated biliary tract carcinoma and suggest that an accurate analysis of the entire series of EGFR transducers may be done before planning treatments with TKIs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Aglietta
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Y. Pignochino
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - G. Cavalloni
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - I. Sarotto
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - J. Penachioni
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - C. Zanon
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - G. Migliardi
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - W. Piacibello
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - M. Risio
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - A. Bardelli
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
| | - F. Leone
- Institute of Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Italy
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Piacibello W, Pignochino Y. [Stem cells: overview]. Pathologica 2005; 97:184. [PMID: 16440646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Piacibello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche, IRCC, Istituto per la Ricerca e la Cura del Cancro, Candiolo (TO), Università di Torino
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