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Rowe AA, Issioui Y, Johnny B, Wert KJ. Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64379. [PMID: 38047564 PMCID: PMC10868640 DOI: 10.3791/64379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone signaling plays a critical role in multiple organ systems as well as in the progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disease. The manipulation of sex hormone levels in the murine model system allows for the study of their impact on organs/tissues and within disease progression. Orchiectomy - the surgical removal of the testes - and ovariectomy - the surgical removal of the ovaries - provide a method to deplete the endogenous sex hormones so that the precise hormone levels can be provided through drug or other delivery methods. Here, we provide rapid and minimally invasive methods for both orchiectomy and ovariectomy in the murine model system for the reduction of sex hormones. This protocol details the surgical preparation and excision of the testes through the scrotal sac, and excision of the ovaries via two incisions in the right and left lateral dorsum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Yacine Issioui
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Katherine J Wert
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center;
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Lim YZ, Chaudhary U, Issioui Y, Corbitt N. Kasai portoenterostomy delays: Is a HIDA scan worth the wait? J Pediatr Surg 2023:S0022-3468(23)00005-2. [PMID: 36754771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary Atresia (BA), an obstructive cholangiopathy, is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation in children. Timely differentiation of BA from other causes of neonatal jaundice remains a challenge, yet is critical to improving outcomes. METHODS Clinical characteristics including demographics, age at jaundice presentation, age at hepatobiliary scintigraphy, age at surgery, severity of liver fibrosis, and native-liver survival were reviewed in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and suspected BA for this single center retrospective cohort study. We investigated the accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy as well as elapsed time from jaundice presentation to diagnostic intervention. RESULTS BA was suspected in 234 infants. BA was identified in 17% of infants with hepatobiliary scintigraphy and 72% of infants who underwent operative exploration without hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Elapsed time from jaundice presentation to Kasai Portoenterostomy (KPE) for BA patients was 2.1x longer if hepatobiliary scintigraphy was obtained (p = 0.084). The mean age at KPE for this cohort was 66.8 days (n = 54), with a significantly higher mean age at KPE (75.2 days) for infants who were later listed or underwent liver transplantation (p = 0.038). Histologically, the lowest liver fibrosis scores were seen in infants undergoing KPE <30 days old and worsened significantly with increased age (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Hepatobiliary scintigraphy compared to operative exploration for the diagnostic evaluation of infants with suspected BA introduces significant time delays to KPE but enables avoidance of surgery in some infants. The temporal pattern of worsening cholestatic liver injury from BA with each day of increased age highlights the importance of intervening as early as possible for the best prognosis. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective study, Level of evidence: III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou Lim
- Children's Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Usamah Chaudhary
- UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yacine Issioui
- UT Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Natasha Corbitt
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 1935 Medical District Drive, Suite D2000, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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Rowe AA, Chen X, Nettesheim ER, Issioui Y, Dong T, Hu Y, Messahel S, Kayani SN, Gray SJ, Wert KJ. Long-term progression of retinal degeneration in a preclinical model of CLN7 Batten disease as a baseline for testing clinical therapeutics. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104314. [PMID: 36374771 PMCID: PMC9626557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Batten disease is characterized by cognitive and motor impairment, retinal degeneration, and seizures leading to premature death. Recent studies have shown efficacy for a gene therapy approach for CLN7 Batten disease. This gene therapy approach is promising to treat cognitive and motor impairment, but is not likely to delay vision loss. Additionally, the natural progression of retinal degeneration in CLN7 Batten disease patients is not well-known. METHODS We performed visual examinations on five patients with CLN7 Batten disease and found that patients were far progressed in degeneration within their first five years of life. To better understand the disease progression, we characterized the retina of a preclinical mouse model of CLN7 Batten disease, through the age at which mice present with paralysis and premature death. FINDINGS We found that this preclinical model shows signs of photoreceptor to bipolar synaptic defects early, and displays rod-cone dystrophy with late loss of bipolar cells. This vision loss could be followed not only via histology, but using clinical live imaging similar to that used in human patients. INTERPRETATION Natural history studies of rare paediatric neurodegenerative conditions are complicated by the rapid degeneration and limited availability of patients. Characterization of degeneration in the preclinical model allows for future experiments to better understand the mechanisms underlying the retinal disease progression in order to find therapeutics to treat patients, as well as to evaluate these therapeutic options for future human clinical trials. FUNDING Van Sickle Family Foundation Inc., NIHP30EY030413, Morton Fichtenbaum Charitable Trust and 5T32GM131945-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Emily R Nettesheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yacine Issioui
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Thomas Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yuhui Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Souad Messahel
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Saima N Kayani
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Children's Health, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Katherine J Wert
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Bussan KA, Stuard WL, Mussi N, Lee W, Whitson JT, Issioui Y, Rowe AA, Wert KJ, Robertson DM. Differential effects of obstructive sleep apnea on the corneal subbasal nerve plexus and retinal nerve fiber layer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266483. [PMID: 35771778 PMCID: PMC9246161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an established independent risk factor for peripheral neuropathy. Macro and microvascular changes have been documented in OSA, including high levels of potent vasoconstrictors. In diabetes, vasoconstriction has been identified as an underlying risk factor for corneal neuropathy. This study sought to establish a potential relationship between OSA and corneal nerve morphology and sensitivity, and to determine whether changes in corneal nerves may be reflective of OSA severity. Design Single center cross-sectional study. Methods Sixty-seven patients were stratified into two groups: those with OSA and healthy controls. Groups were matched for age, sex, race, smoking, and dry eye status. Outcome measures included serologies, a dilated fundus exam, dry eye testing, anthropometric parameters, corneal sensitivity, subbasal nerve plexus morphology, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and the use of questionnaires to assess symptoms of dry eye disease, risk of OSA, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compliance. Results No significant differences were observed in corneal nerve morphology, sensitivity, or the number of dendritic cells. In the OSA test group, RNFL thinning was noted in the superior and inferior regions of the optic disc and peripapillary region. A greater proportion of participants in the OSA group required a subsequent evaluation for glaucoma than in the control. In those with OSA, an increase in the apnea hypopnea index was associated with an increase in optic nerve cupping. Conclusions OSA does not exert a robust effect on corneal nerves. OSA is however, associated with thinning of the RNFL. Participants with glaucomatous optic nerve changes and risk factors for OSA should be examined as uncontrolled OSA may exacerbate glaucoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Bussan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Whitney L. Stuard
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Natalia Mussi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center for Sleep and Breathing Disorders, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Jess T. Whitson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Yacine Issioui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ashley A. Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. Wert
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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