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Wang Y, Yang XD, Ali A, Lv GH, Long YX, Wang YY, Ma YG, Xu CC. Flowering Phenology Shifts in Response to Functional Traits, Growth Form, and Phylogeny of Woody Species in a Desert Area. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 32435256 PMCID: PMC7219254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Climatic factors are considered the major driving forces for variation of flowering phenology among species. Yet, whether flowering phenology of woody species varies with functional traits, growth form, and phylogeny in arid regions is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the relationships of three characteristics of flowering phenology (i.e., first flowering date, end of flowering date, and flowering duration) against functional traits, growth form, and phylogeny across 59 woody plant species across 3 years in Ürümqi city of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, in Northwest China. The results showed that, plant functional traits and growth form had significant influences on the variability of flowering phenology among species. The contributions of fruit type (34.7-43.5%) and flower color (30.1-30.7%) to the variability of flowering phenology were larger than those of pollination mode (4.6-14.4%), life form (8.4-14%) and maximum plant height (9.7-13.1%). Trees had the significant correlations in terms of flowering duration against first flowering date and end of flowering date, while shrubs showed the opposite pattern. The values of phylogenetic signal (Blomberg's K) of the three characteristics of flowering phenology ranged from 0.36 to 0.43, which were significantly lower than the expectation of the Brownian motion model. Our results suggested that functional traits, growth form and phylogeny all affected variability of flowering phenology among species. Our results provide a new perspective for correctly evaluating the relationship between global climate change and plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Lv
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yan-Xin Long
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yong-Gang Ma
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ürümqi, China
| | - Chang-Chun Xu
- Institute of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ürümqi, China
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Wang ZX, Wang XG, Dong JQ, Lei YA, Long YX, Mou ZZ, Qu WX. Fast resistive reconnection regime in the nonlinear evolution of double tearing modes. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:185004. [PMID: 17995417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.185004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phases of nonlinear double tearing modes are studied numerically. The first two phases lead to the formation and growth of magnetic islands and are followed by a fast reconnection phase to complete the process, driven by a process of neighboring magnetic separatrices merging and magnetic islands coupling. The fast growth can be understood as a result of the island interaction equivalent to a steadily inward flux boundary driven. Resistivity dependences for various phases are studied and shown by scaling analysis for the first time. It is found that after an early Sweet-Parker phase with a eta(1/2)-scale, a slow nonlinear phase in a Rutherford regime with a eta(1)-scale is followed by the fast reconnection phase with a eta(1/5)-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Wang
- State Key Lab of Materials Modifications by Beams, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China 116024
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