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Rababah TM, Al-U’datt MH, Angor M, Gammoh S, Abweni F, Magableh G, Almajwal A, Yücel S, AL-Rayyan Y, AL-Rayyan N. Effect of Drying and Freezing on the Phytochemical Properties of Okra during Storage. ACS Omega 2023; 8:34448-34457. [PMID: 37779931 PMCID: PMC10536064 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is known for its high nutritional value, including its content of phytochemicals. This study aims to investigate the effect of drying and freezing conditions on the phytochemical content of okra. Our results indicated that both air-drying and freezing okra during 6 months of storage showed a significant decrease in total phenolic content, flavonoid content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, higher levels of phytochemicals were found for okra samples treated with Na2SO4 solution when compared to untreated okra. The freezing process appeared to better preserve the content of the investigated phytochemicals when compared to the decrease after drying. Our research has determined that both immersing and freezing okra samples consistently yielded better results in the preservation of phytochemical properties over time, compared to other methods. This study is important for the food industry, as it highlights the importance of proper storage methods to retain the nutritional value of okra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha M. Rababah
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Muhammad H. Al-U’datt
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Malak Angor
- Nutrition
and Food Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Faten Abweni
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ghazi Magableh
- Industrial
Engineering Department, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 21163, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department
of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sevil Yücel
- Yildiz
Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
| | - Yara AL-Rayyan
- College
of
Agriculture and Life Sciences, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1314, United States
| | - Numan AL-Rayyan
- School
of Medicine and Public Health, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1314, United States
- National
Agricultural Research Center, Amman 19381, Jordan
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Rababah T, Al-U'datt M, Angor MM, Gammoh S, Rababah R, Magableh G, Almajwal A, AL-Rayyan Y, AL-Rayyan N. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on obesity among adults in Jordan. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1114076. [PMID: 36742426 PMCID: PMC9896011 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome that mainly affects the human respiratory system. Unhealthy nutritional habits and obesity are expected as consequences of protective measures including quarantine. Obesity, in its growing prevalence, is a worldwide health issue associated with worsening health conditions. This is a cross-sectional study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity among Jordanian adults and across epidemiological statuses. Participants were randomly selected, and the survey was distributed on social media networking sites. A total of 672 subjects were surveyed and participated in the study between March and June 2021 via Google Form questionnaire. The results indicated that 74.4% of participants reported that they did not do any physical activity, and 43.5% changed their lifestyle and eating habits for the worse. During the COVID-19 pandemic, almost half of the participants reported an increase in hunger, consuming 3-4 meals/day, and consuming < 1 liter of water/day. Additionally, more than half of the participants reported no change in fat, cereals, and protein consumption, 46.4 % had no change in fruit and vegetable consumption, and 50.6% increased their consumption of sweets. Our results showed a significant increase in the self-reported BMI categories during the COVID-19 pandemic for all ages (p < 0.001). Change in weight and BMI was significantly associated with marital status, education level, living place, family size, family working members, and working status. Participants across all epidemiological statuses displayed a statistically significant increase in BMI. This study was conducted to observe the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors and obesity among Jordanian adults and across epidemiological statuses. We found that there were significant negative changes in the lifestyle (physical activity) and eating behaviors of Jordanians during the COVID-19 quarantine which in turn increased their body weight and changed the obesity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,*Correspondence: Taha Rababah ✉
| | - Muhammad Al-U'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Malak M. Angor
- Nutrition and Food Processing Department, Al-Huson College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rana Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghazi Magableh
- Industrial Engineering Department–Yarmouk University, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara AL-Rayyan
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Numan AL-Rayyan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,National Agricultural Research Center, Al-Baqa'a, Jordan,Numan AL-Rayyan ✉
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