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Chikami Y, Yahata K. The structural and functional modularity of ovarian follicle epithelium in the pill-millipede Hyleoglomeris japonica Verhoeff, 1936 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae). Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102372. [PMID: 38598872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian somatic tissues typically surround developing oocytes and play a crucial role in oogenesis across various metazoans, often displaying structural properties specific to their functions. However, there is an absence of evident structural modularity in the follicle epithelium of Myriapoda. We report here two structurally and developmentally distinct domains within the follicle epithelium of the Japanese pill millipede, Hyleoglomeris japonica. The follicle epithelium of H. japonica exhibits a thick cell mass at the apex of the follicle. These cells harbor abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, and numerous microvilli, indicative of synthetic/secretory activities. Moreover, their height increases as oogenesis progresses. In contrast, another region of the epithelium lacks these features. Our findings highlight the presence of structural and functional modularity in the follicle epithelium of H. japonica. We suggest classifying the follicle epithelium of Myriapoda into three types: homogenous epithelia with enhanced synthetic activities, homogenous epithelia with diminished such activities, and heterogeneous epithelia with varying synthetic activities. These findings prompt a reevaluation of the nature of ovarian somatic tissues in Myriapoda as well as in Arthropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Chikami
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Yahata
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
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Ohtsu I, Chikami Y, Umino T, Gotoh H. Evaluation of Body Size Indicators for Morphological Analyses in Two Sister Species of Genus Dorcus (Coleoptera, Lucanidae). J Insect Sci 2022; 22:7. [PMID: 36130316 PMCID: PMC9492273 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between trait and body size, i.e., the scaling relationship or static allometry, is an essential concept for investigating trait size. However, usage of an inappropriate body size indicator can lead to misinterpretation of morphology. In this study, we examined several possible body size indicators in two closely related stag beetle species, Dorcus rectus and Dorcus amamianus. We raised animals in captivity and used pupal weight as a measure of true, or overall body size, and then evaluated six adult morphological traits to test whether these traits could be reliably used as body size indicators in static scaling relationship comparisons. We analyzed two comparisons, between sexes in same species and between species in same sex. We showed that the most appropriate body size indicators differ depending on the comparisons. Our results indicated that the scaling relationship of focal traits could be over- or under-estimated depending on which body size indicators are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Ohtsu
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Chikami
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Taichi Umino
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan
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Chikami Y, Okuno M, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Niimi T. Evolutionary history of sexual differentiation mechanism in insects. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6618292. [PMID: 35820410 PMCID: PMC9290531 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing underpins functional diversity in proteins and the complexity and diversity of eukaryotes. An example is the doublesex gene, the key transcriptional factor in arthropod sexual differentiation. doublesex is controlled by sex-specific splicing and promotes both male and female differentiation in holometabolan insects, whereas in hemimetabolan species, doublesex has sex-specific isoforms but is not required for female differentiation. How doublesex evolved to be essential for female development remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate ancestral states of doublesex using Thermobia domestica belonging to Zygentoma, the sister group of Pterygota, that is, winged insects. We find that, in T. domestica, doublesex expresses sex-specific isoforms but is only necessary for male differentiation of sexual morphology. This result supports the hypothesis that doublesex initially promoted male differentiation during insect evolution. However, T. domestica doublesex has a short female-specific region and upregulates the expression of vitellogenin homologs in females, suggesting that doublesex may already play some role in female morphogenesis of the common ancestor of Pterygota. Reconstruction of the ancestral sequence and prediction of protein structures show that the female-specific isoform of doublesex has an extended C-terminal disordered region in holometabolan insects but not in nonholometabolan species. We propose that doublesex acquired its function in female morphogenesis through a change in the protein motif structure rather than the emergence of the female-specific exon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Chikami
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Miki Okuno
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Niimi
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
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Hashiro S, Mitsuhashi M, Chikami Y, Kawaguchi H, Niimi T, Yasueda H. Construction of Corynebacterium glutamicum cells as containers encapsulating dsRNA overexpressed for agricultural pest control. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8485-8496. [PMID: 31486873 PMCID: PMC6800400 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) inducing RNA interference (RNAi) is expected to be applicable to management of agricultural pests. In this study, we selected a ladybird beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, as a model target pest that devours vegetable leaves, and examined the effects of feeding the pest sterilized microbes highly accumulating a target dsRNA for RNAi induction. We constructed an efficient production system for diap1*-dsRNA, which suppresses expression of the essential gene diap1 (encoding death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1) in H. vigintioctopunctata, using an industrial strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum as the host microbe. The diap1*-dsRNA was overproduced in C. glutamicum by convergent transcription using a strong promoter derived from corynephage BFK20, and the amount of dsRNA accumulated in fermented cells reached about 75 mg per liter of culture. In addition, we developed a convenient method for stabilizing the dsRNA within the microbes by simply sterilizing the diap1*-dsRNA-expressing C. glutamicum cells with ethanol. When the sterilized microbes containing diap1*-dsRNA were fed to larvae of H. vigintioctopunctata, diap1 expression in the pest was suppressed, and the leaf-feeding activity of the larvae declined. These results suggest that this system is capable of producing stabilized dsRNA for RNAi at low cost, and it will open a way to practical application of dsRNA as an environmentally-friendly agricultural insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hashiro
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Mayu Mitsuhashi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Chikami
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruka Kawaguchi
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Niimi
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yasueda
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan. .,Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2, Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan.
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Yahata K, Chikami Y, Umetani E. Morphological study of the ovary in Hanseniella caldaria (Myriapoda; Symphyla): The position of oocyte-growth and evolution of ovarian structure in Arthropoda. Arthropod Struct Dev 2018; 47:655-661. [PMID: 30273712 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Arthropoda, the ovary is classified into Chelicerata-type and Mandibulata-type, based on the oocyte-growth position within the ovary. By contrast, oocytes of Diplopoda and Chilopoda grow within the hemocoelic space. However, as the position of oocyte-growth in Symphyla and Pauropoda has not been confirmed, whether the hemocoelic nature of oocyte-growth is common among myriapods remains ambiguous. This study described the ovarian structure of Hanseniella caldaria to reveal the oocyte-growth position in Symphyla. The oocyte is surrounded by the follicle epithelium, and the inner surface of the follicle epithelium, i.e., the space between follicle cells and oocytes, is lined with a basement membrane. The follicle epithelial layer continues to the ovarian epithelium via the follicle extension with a continuous layer of basement membrane. Data on the architecture of the follicle suggest that the follicle pouch opens to the hemocoel. Hence, the oocyte of H. caldaria grows within the hemocoelic space. Based on our findings in H. caldaria and previous studies in a millipede and in centipedes, the hemocoelic nature of oocyte-growth is considered as a common feature among myriapods and a synapomorphy of the Myriapoda for which morphological synapomorphies have been ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Yahata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Chikami
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Department of Basic Biology in the School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Erika Umetani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Sakai H, Sumitani M, Chikami Y, Yahata K, Uchino K, Kiuchi T, Katsuma S, Aoki F, Sezutsu H, Suzuki MG. Transgenic Expression of the piRNA-Resistant Masculinizer Gene Induces Female-Specific Lethality and Partial Female-to-Male Sex Reversal in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006203. [PMID: 27579676 PMCID: PMC5007099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Bombyx mori (B. mori), Fem piRNA originates from the W chromosome and is responsible for femaleness. The Fem piRNA-PIWI complex targets and cleaves mRNAs transcribed from the Masc gene. Masc encodes a novel CCCH type zinc-finger protein and is required for male-specific splicing of B. mori doublesex (Bmdsx) transcripts. In the present study, several silkworm strains carrying a transgene, which encodes a Fem piRNA-resistant Masc mRNA (Masc-R), were generated. Forced expression of the Masc-R transgene caused female-specific lethality during the larval stages. One of the Masc-R strains weakly expressed Masc-R in various tissues. Females heterozygous for the transgene expressed male-specific isoform of the Bombyx homolog of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein (ImpM) and Bmdsx. All examined females showed a lower inducibility of vitellogenin synthesis and exhibited abnormalities in the ovaries. Testis-like tissues were observed in abnormal ovaries and, notably, the tissues contained considerable numbers of sperm bundles. Homozygous expression of the transgene resulted in formation of the male-specific abdominal segment in adult females and caused partial male differentiation in female genitalia. These results strongly suggest that Masc is an important regulatory gene of maleness in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sakai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Megumi Sumitani
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Chikami
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yahata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Keiro Uchino
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fugaku Aoki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Masataka G. Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- * E-mail:
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