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Xu D, Descovich M, Liu H, Lao Y, Gottschalk AR, Sheng K. Deep match: A zero-shot framework for improved fiducial-free respiratory motion tracking. Radiother Oncol 2024; 194:110179. [PMID: 38403025 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Motion management is essential to reduce normal tissue exposure and maintain adequate tumor dose in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Lung SBRT using an articulated robotic arm allows dynamic tracking during radiation dose delivery. Two stereoscopic X-ray tracking modes are available - fiducial-based and fiducial-free tracking. Although X-ray detection of implanted fiducials is robust, the implantation procedure is invasive and inapplicable to some patients and tumor locations. Fiducial-free tracking relies on tumor contrast, which challenges the existing tracking algorithms for small (e.g., <15 mm) and/or tumors obscured by overlapping anatomies. To markedly improve the performance of fiducial-free tracking, we proposed a deep learning-based template matching algorithm - Deep Match. METHOD Deep Match consists of four self-definable stages - training-free feature extractor, similarity measurements for location proposal, local refinements, and uncertainty level prediction for constructing a more trustworthy and versatile pipeline. Deep Match was validated on a 10 (38 fractions; 2661 images) patient cohort whose lung tumor was trackable on one X-ray view, while the second view did not offer sufficient conspicuity for tumor tracking using existing methods. The patient cohort was stratified into subgroups based on tumor sizes (<10 mm, 10-15 mm, and >15 mm) and tumor locations (with/without thoracic anatomy overlapping). RESULTS On X-ray views that conventional methods failed to track the lung tumor, Deep Match achieved robust performance as evidenced by >80 % 3 mm-Hit (detection within 3 mm superior/inferior margin from ground truth) for 70 % of patients and <3 mm superior/inferior distance (SID) ∼1 mm standard deviation for all the patients. CONCLUSION Deep Match is a zero-shot learning network that explores the intrinsic neural network benefits without training on patient data. With Deep Match, fiducial-free tracking can be extended to more patients with small tumors and with tumors obscured by overlapping anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xu
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Martina Descovich
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Hengjie Liu
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Yi Lao
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Ke Sheng
- Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
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Lao Y, Chen K, Feng L, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Huang X, Li M, Wu Z, Bin J, Liao Y. Delayed PCI is not beneficial for STEMI patients with impaired renal function: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:263. [PMID: 37208590 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preexisting impaired renal function (IRF) and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are important prognostic parameters, but it is unknown whether delayed PCI is still beneficial for STEMI patients with IRF. METHODS A retrospective single-center cohort study was performed in 164 patients who presented at least 12 h after symptom onset, and were diagnosed with STEMI and IRF. They were assigned to two groups to receive PCI plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) and OMT alone respectively. Clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year were compared between two groups, and hazard ratio for survival was analyzed using Cox regression model. A power analysis demanded 34 patients in each group to produce a power of 90% and a P value of 0.05. RESULTS The 30-day mortality was significantly lower in PCI group (n = 126) than in non-PCI group (n = 38) (11.1% versus 28.9%, P = 0.018), while there was no significant difference in the 1-year mortality and incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that patients with IRF didn't benefit from receiving PCI on survival rate (P = 0.267). CONCLUSIONS Delayed PCI is not beneficial on one-year clinical outcomes for STEMI patients with IRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Xuansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Zidi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China.
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Jiao C, Lao Y, Vassantachart A, Shiroishi M, Zada G, Chang E, Fan Z, Sheng K, Yang W. Voxel-Wise GBM Recurrence Prediction Based on Sparse Attention Multi-Modal MR Image Fusion Coupling with Stem Cell Niches Proximity Estimation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Lao Y, Yang W, Moghanaki D, Sheng K. Biomedical Profiling of Lung Tumor via Ventilation-Induced Tumor Deformation: Implications on the Prognosis of Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Lao Y, Ruan D, Vassantachart A, Fan Z, Ye JC, Chang EL, Chin R, Kaprealian T, Zada G, Shiroishi MS, Sheng K, Yang W. Voxelwise Prediction of Recurrent High-Grade Glioma via Proximity Estimation-Coupled Multidimensional Support Vector Machine. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:1279-1287. [PMID: 34963559 PMCID: PMC8923952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide early and localized glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence prediction, we introduce a novel postsurgery multiparametric magnetic resonance-based support vector machine (SVM) method coupling with stem cell niche (SCN) proximity estimation. METHODS AND MATERIALS This study used postsurgery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 50 patients with recurrent GBM, obtained approximately 2 months before clinically diagnosed recurrence. The main prediction pipeline consisted of a proximity-based estimator to identify regions with high risk of recurrence (HRRs) and an SVM classifier to provide voxelwise prediction in HRRs. The HRRs were estimated using the weighted sum of inverse distances to 2 possible origins of recurrence-the SCN and the tumor cavity. Subsequently, multiparametric voxels (from T1, T1 contrast-enhanced, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient) within the HRR were grouped into recurrent (warped from the clinical diagnosis) and nonrecurrent subregions and fed into the proximity estimation-coupled SVM classifier (SVMPE). The cohort was randomly divided into 40% and 60% for training and testing, respectively. The trained SVMPE was then extrapolated to an earlier time point for earlier recurrence prediction. As an exploratory analysis, the SVMPE predictive cluster sizes and the image intensities from the 5 magnetic resonance sequences were compared across time to assess the progressive subclinical traces. RESULTS On 2-month prerecurrence MRI scans from 30 test cohort patients, the SVMPE classifier achieved a recall of 0.80, a precision of 0.69, an F1-score of 0.73, and a mean boundary distance of 7.49 mm. Exploratory analysis at early time points showed spatially consistent but significantly smaller subclinical clusters and significantly increased T1 contrast-enhanced and apparent diffusion coefficient values over time. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a novel voxelwise early prediction method, SVMPE, for GBM recurrence based on clinical follow-up MR scans. The SVMPE is promising in localizing subclinical traces of recurrence 2 months ahead of clinical diagnosis and may be used to guide more effective personalized early salvage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dan Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, USA
| | - April Vassantachart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jason C. Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Eric L. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert Chin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tania Kaprealian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, USA
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mark S Shiroishi
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wensha Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, USA
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Li M, Guo K, Huang X, Feng L, Yuan Y, Li J, Lao Y, Guo Z. Association Between Serum Galectin-3 Levels and Coronary Stenosis Severity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:818162. [PMID: 35198615 PMCID: PMC8858949 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.818162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between galectin-3 (Gal-3) and coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been fully elucidated. Aim This study aimed to determine the relationship between the presence and severity of CAD and serum Gal-3 levels. Patients and Methods Three-hundred thirty-one consecutive CAD patients were enrolled as the study group. An additional 62 patients without CAD were enrolled as the control group. Serum Gal-3 levels were separately compared between the non-CAD and CAD groups, among the stable CAD and Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) groups, and between CAD patients with low and high SYNTAX scores (SSs). The 1-year cumulative rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) was also compared among ACS patients by Gal-3 levels. Results Serum Gal-3 was significantly higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group 3.89 (0.16–63.67) vs. 2.07 (0.23–9.38) ng/ml, P < 0.001. Furthermore, serum Gal-3 was significantly higher in the non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) group than that in the stable CAD group, 4.72 (1.0–16.14) vs. 2.23 (0.65–23.8) ng/ml, P = 0.04 and higher in the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group than that in the stable CAD group 7.87 (0.59–63.67) vs. 2.23 (0.65–23.8) ng/ml, P < 0.001. Serum Gal-3 level was an independent predictor of ACS compared with stable CAD group (OR = 1.131, 95% CI: 1.051–1.217, P = 0.001) as well as high SS (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.021–1.047, P = 0.038) after adjust other confounding risk factors. Acute coronary syndrome patients with Gal-3 levels above the median (gal-3 = 4.78 ng/ml) showed a higher cumulative MACE rate than those with Gal-3 levels below the median. After adjusting other confounding risk factors, Gal-3 remained an independent risk factor for the cumulative rate of MACEs in ACS patients (6% higher rate of MACEs incidence per 1 ng/ml increment of Gal-3). Conclusion Galectin-3 correlated with the presence of CAD as well as coronary stability and complexity. Galectin-3 may be valuable in predicting mid-term prognosis in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xuansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jiewen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Guo
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Lao Y, Li T, Xie X, Chen K, Li M, Huang L. MiR-195-3p is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltrates of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:191-203. [PMID: 35023957 PMCID: PMC8747729 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s350340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-195-3p (miR-195-3p) plays an important role in some tumors, but its role in LUAD is unclear. This study explored the expression of miR-195-3p in LUAD and the relationship between the expression of miR-195-3p and the clinical and prognostic characteristics of LUAD patients. Methods MiR-195-3p expression and clinical information of LUAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, logistic regression, and Cox regression were used to assess the relationship between the expression level of miR-195-3p and clinical features in LUAD tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to analyze the effect of miR-195-3p expression levels on the prognosis of LUAD patients. Target genes of miR-195-3p were predicted by several software. GO (Gene Ontology), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), and immune infiltration analysis were used to analyze the possible regulatory network of miR-195-3p. Results Compared with normal lung tissue, miR-195-3p is down expressed in LUAD tissue (P < 0.001). The low miR-195-3p expression in LUAD was significantly associated with N stage (P = 0.046), pathologic stage (P = 0.011), and gender (P = 0.010). Low miR-195-3p expression predicted a poorer overall survival (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.45–0.81; P = 0.001) and disease-specific survival (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37–0.80; P = 0.002). The expression of miR-195-3p (HR: 0.488; 95% CI: 0.304–0.784; P = 0.003) was independently correlated with OS in LUAD patients. High expression of miR-195-3p genes, including ABCC2, AGMAT, ARNTL2, ATP6V0A4, CDC25A, CDK1, FAM111B, GJB2, GRIP1, HMGA2, HOXA9, KIF14, SYT2, and TFAP2A, were associated with poor OS in LUAD. GO and KEGG analysis suggested that miR-195-3p was related to the phagosome pathway. MiR-195-3p may promote the function of B cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, immature dendritic cells, macrophages, Mast cells, NK cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and follicular helper T cells. Conclusion Low miR-195-3p expression is significantly associated with poor survival in LUAD, which may be a promising prognostic biomarker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang Cancer Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524002, People's Republic of China
| | - Taidong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang Cancer Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang Cancer Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangbiao Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang Cancer Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang Cancer Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Central Hospital of Guangdong Nongken, Zhanjiang Cancer Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524002, People's Republic of China
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Lao Y, Cao M, Yang Y, Kishan AU, Yang W, Wang Y, Sheng K. Bladder surface dose modeling in prostate cancer radiotherapy: An analysis of motion-induced variations and the cumulative dose across the treatment. Med Phys 2021; 48:8024-8036. [PMID: 34734414 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce a novel surface-based dose mapping method to improve quantitative bladder dosimetric assessment in prostate cancer (PC) radiotherapy. METHODS Based on the planning and daily pre and postfraction MRIs of 12 PC patients, bladder surface models (SMs) were generated on manually delineated contours and regionally aligned via surface-based registration. Subsequently, bladder surface dose models (SDMs) were created using face-wise dose sampling. To determine the bladder intrafractional and interfractional motion and dose variation, we performed a pose analysis between pre and postfraction bladder SMs, as well as surface mapping for fractional SMs. Discrepancies between the received dose, accumulated from daily SDMs, and the planned dose were then assessed on the corresponding SDMs. Complementary to the surface dose mapping, dose surface histogram (DSH)-based comparisons were also performed. RESULTS The intrafraction pose analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) bladder expansion, as well as an anterior/superior drift during the treatment. The intrafraction motion substantially altered dose to mid-bladder body, but not the bladder surface areas distal to or contiguous with the target. A similar pattern of dose variations was also detected by interfraction comparisons. With surface registration to the common SM, the cumulative bladder dose significantly differs from the planned dose. The discrepancy is evident in the mid-posterior range that corresponds to a mid- to high-dose region. The received DSH significantly differs from the planned DSH after permutation correction (p = 0.0122), while the overall surface-based comparison after multiple comparison correction is nonsignificant (p = 0.0800). CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel surface-based intra and interdose mapping framework applied to a unique daily MR dataset for image-guided radiotherapy. The framework identified significant intrafraction bladder positional changes, localized the intra and interfraction variations, and quantified planned versus received dose differences on the bladder surface. The result indicates the importance of adopting the motion-integrated bladder SDM for bladder dose management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Minsong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yingli Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wensha Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yan Y, Li T, Li Z, He M, Wang D, Xu Y, Yang X, Bai Y, Lao Y, Zhang Z, Wu W. Metformin Suppresses the Progress of Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis by Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Through AMPK-Pdlim5 Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:690627. [PMID: 34368251 PMCID: PMC8342753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.690627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Our previous work revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration in vitro by phosphorylating PDZ and LIM domain 5 (Pdlim5). As metformin is an AMPK activator, we used a mouse vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) line and a Myh11-cre-EGFP mice to investigate whether metformin could inhibit the migration of VSMCs in vitro and in a wire-injury model in vivo. It is recognized that VSMCs contribute to the major composition of atherosclerotic plaques. In order to investigate whether the AMPK–Pdlim5 pathway is involved in the protective function of metformin against atherosclerosis, we utilized ApoE−/− male mice to investigate whether metformin could suppress diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis by inhibition of VSMC migration via the AMPK–Pdlim5 pathway. Methods: The mouse VSMC cell line was exogenously transfected wild type, phosphomimetic, or unphosphorylatable Pdlim5 mutant before metformin exposure. Myh11-cre-EGFP mice were treated with saline solution or metformin after these were subjected to wire injury in the carotid artery to study whether metformin could inhibit the migration of medial VSMCs into the neo-intima. In order to investigate whether the AMPK–Pdlim5 pathway is involved in the protective function of metformin against atherosclerosis, ApoE−/− male mice were divided randomly into control, streptozocin (STZ), and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mellitus; STZ+HFD together with metformin or Pdlim5 mutant carried the adenovirus treatment groups. Results: It was found that metformin could induce the phosphorylation of Pdlim5 and inhibit cell migration as a result. The exogenous expression of phosphomimetic S177D-Pdlim5 inhibits lamellipodia formation and migration in VSMCs. It was also demonstrated that VSMCs contribute to the major composition of injury-induced neointimal lesions, while metformin could alleviate the occlusion of the carotid artery. The data of ApoE−/− mice showed that increased plasma lipids and aggravated vascular smooth muscle cell infiltration into the atherosclerotic lesion in diabetic mice were observed Metformin alleviated diabetes-induced metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis and also reduced VSMC infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques, while the Pdlim5 phospho-abolished mutant that carried adenovirus S177A-Pdlim5 undermines the protective function of metformin. Conclusions: The activation of the AMPK–Pdlim5 pathway by metformin could interrupt the migratory machine of VSMCs and inhibit cell migration in vitro and in vivo. The maintenance of AMPK activity by metformin is beneficial for suppressing diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dejiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lao Y, Yu V, Pham A, Wang T, Cui J, Gallogly A, Chang E, Fan Z, Kaprealian T, Yang W, Sheng K. Quantitative Characterization of Tumor Proximity to Stem Cell Niches: Implications on Recurrence and Survival in GBM Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:1180-1188. [PMID: 33600888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence has linked glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrence and survival to stem cell niches (SCNs). However, the traditional tumor-ventricle distance is insufficiently powered for an accurate prediction. We aimed to use a novel inverse distance map for improved prediction. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two T1-magnetic resonance imaging data sets were included for a total of 237 preoperative scans for prognostic stratification and 55 follow-up scans for recurrent pattern identification. SCN, including the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ), were manually defined on a standard template. A proximity map was generated using the summed inverse distances to all SCN voxels. The mean and maximum proximity scores (PSm-SCN and PSmax-SCN) were calculated for each primary/recurrent tumor, deformably transformed into the template. The prognostic capacity of proximity score (PS)-derived metrics was assessed using Cox regression and log-rank tests. To evaluate the impact of SCNs on recurrence patterns, we performed group comparisons of PS-derived metrics between the primary and recurrent tumors. For comparison, the same analyses were conducted on PS derived from SVZ alone and traditional edge/center-to-ventricle metrics. RESULTS Among all SCN-derived features, PSm-SCN was the strongest survival predictor (P < .0001). PSmax-SCN was the best in risk stratification, using either evenly sorted (P = .0001) or k-means clustering methods (P = .0045). PS metrics based on SVZ only also correlated with overall survival and risk stratification, but to a lesser degree of significance. In contrast, edge/center-to-ventricle metrics showed weak to no prediction capacities in either task. Moreover, PSm-SCN,PSm-SVZ, and center-to-ventricle metrics revealed a significantly closer SCN distribution of recurrence than primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS We introduced a novel inverse distance-based metric to comprehensively capture the anatomic relationship between GBM tumors and SCN zones. The derived metrics outperformed traditional edge or center distance-based measurements in overall survival prediction, risk stratification, and recurrent pattern differentiation. Our results reveal the potential role of SGZ in recurrence aside from SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, California
| | - Victoria Yu
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Theodore Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Audrey Gallogly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tania Kaprealian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, California
| | - Wensha Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California - Los Angeles, California.
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Li M, Gao Y, Guo K, Wu Z, Lao Y, Li J, Huang X, Feng L, Dong J, Yuan Y. Association Between Fasting Hyperglycemia and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Impact on Short- and Long-Term Prognosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:667527. [PMID: 34277729 PMCID: PMC8280294 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.667527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between fasting hyperglycemia (FHG) and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear, and whether their co-occurrence is associated with a worse in-hospital and long-term prognosis than FHG or AF alone is unknown. Objective: To explore the correlation between FHG and new-onset AF in patients with AMI, and their impact on in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study comprising 563 AMI patients. The patients were divided into the FHG group and the NFHG group. The incidence of new-onset AF during hospitalization was compared between the two groups and sub-groups under different Killip grades. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between FHG and new-onset AF. In-hospital mortality and long-term all-cause mortality were compared among patients with FHG, AF, and with both FHG and AF according to 10 years of follow-up information. Results: New-onset AF occurred more frequently in the FHG group than in the NFHG group (21.6 vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001). This trend was observed for Killip grade I (16.6 vs. 6.5%, p = 0.002) and Grade II (17.1 vs. 6.9%, p = 0.005), but not for Killip grade III–IV (40 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.761). Logistic regression showed FHG independently correlated with new-onset AF (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.53–4.30; P < 0.001), and 1 mmol/L increased in fasting glucose was associated with a 5% higher rate of new-onset AF, after adjustment for traditional AF risk factors. AMI patients complicated with both fasting hyperglycemia and AF showed the highest in-hospital mortality and long-term all-cause mortality during an average of 11.2 years of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression showed FHG combined with AF independently correlated with long-term all-cause mortality after adjustment for other traditional risk factors (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.64–5.96, p = 0.001), compared with the group with neither FHG nor new-onset AF. Conclusion: FHG was an independent risk factor for new-onset AF in patients with AMI. AMI patients complicated with both FHG and new-onset AF showed worse in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality than with FHG or AF alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zidi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jiewen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xuansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jianting Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
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12
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Cao Y, Vassantachart A, Ye JC, Yu C, Ruan D, Sheng K, Lao Y, Shen ZL, Balik S, Bian S, Zada G, Shiu A, Chang EL, Yang W. Automatic detection and segmentation of multiple brain metastases on magnetic resonance image using asymmetric UNet architecture. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:015003. [PMID: 33186927 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abca53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Detection of brain metastases is a paramount task in cancer management due both to the number of high-risk patients and the difficulty of achieving consistent detection. In this study, we aim to improve the accuracy of automated brain metastasis (BM) detection methods using a novel asymmetric UNet (asym-UNet) architecture. An end-to-end asymmetric 3D-UNet architecture, with two down-sampling arms and one up-sampling arm, was constructed to capture the imaging features. The two down-sampling arms were trained using two different kernels (3 × 3 × 3 and 1 × 1 × 3, respectively) with the kernel (1 × 1 × 3) dominating the learning. As a comparison, vanilla single 3D UNets were trained with different kernels and evaluated using the same datasets. Voxel-based Dice similarity coefficient (DSCv), sensitivity (S v), precision (P v), BM-based sensitivity (S BM), and false detection rate (F BM) were used to evaluate model performance. Contrast-enhanced T1 MR images from 195 patients with a total of 1034 BMs were solicited from our institutional stereotactic radiosurgery database. The patient cohort was split into training (160 patients, 809 lesions), validation (20 patients, 136 lesions), and testing (15 patients, 89 lesions) datasets. The lesions in the testing dataset were further divided into two subgroups based on the diameters (small S = 1-10 mm, large L = 11-26 mm). In the testing dataset, there were 72 and 17 BMs in the S and L sub-groups, respectively. Among all trained networks, asym-UNet achieved the highest DSCv of 0.84 and lowest F BM of 0.24. Although vanilla 3D-UNet with a single 1 × 1 × 3 kernel achieved the highest sensitivities for the S group, it resulted in the lowest precision and highest false detection rate. Asym-UNet was shown to balance sensitivity and false detection rate as well as keep the segmentation accuracy high. The novel asym-UNet segmentation network showed overall competitive segmentation performance and more pronounced improvement in hard-to-detect small BMs comparing to the vanilla single 3D UNet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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13
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Lao Y, Yu V, Pham A, Wang T, Ruan D, Chang E, Sheng K, Yang W. Voxel-Wise GBM Recurrence Prediction Based On Post-Operative Multiparametric MR Images Using Multidimensional SVM Coupling With Stem Cell Niches Proximity Estimation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Lao Y, Zheng C, Zhu H, Lin H, Huang X, Liao Y. Operating Transverse Aortic Constriction with Absorbable Suture to Obtain Transient Myocardial Hypertrophy. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32986029 DOI: 10.3791/61686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on twice transverse aortic constrictions (TACs) in mice, it is proved that myocardial hypertrophic preconditioning (MHP) could attenuate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and slow down progression to heart failure. For novices, however, the MHP model is usually quite difficult to establish because of the technical obstacles in ventilator operation, opening the chest repeatedly, and bleeding caused by debanding. To facilitate this model, to increase the surgical success rate and to reduce the incidence of bleeding, we switched to absorbable sutures for the first TAC combing with a ventilator-free technique. Using a 2-week absorbable suture, we demonstrated that this procedure could cause significant myocardial hypertrophy in 2 weeks; and 4 weeks after surgery, myocardial hypertrophy was almost completely regressed to the baseline. Using this protocol, the operators could master the MHP model easily with a lower operation mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Hailin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Department of Geriatrics, Pingxiang People's Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University;
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Abstract
Galectins are an ancient family of lectins characterized by evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequences and β-galactoside recognition and binding sites. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is one of 15 known galectins. This protein has important functions in numerous biological activities, including cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. In recent years, many studies have shown that Gal-3 is closely associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and may be a promising biomarker for the assessment of severity as well as prognosis prediction in AMI patients, but controversy still exists. In this review, we summarize the latest literature on the relationship between Gal-3 and unstable plaques, the secretion kinetics of Gal-3 during the acute phase of AMI, and the value of Gal-3 in the prediction of post-AMI remodeling. Finally, the possible value of Gal-3 as a biological target for AMI therapy is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Lao Y, David J, Fan Z, Bian S, Shiu A, Chang EL, Sheng K, Yang W, Tuli R. Quantifying vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer-a contrast CT based method for surgical resectability evaluation. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:105012. [PMID: 32187583 PMCID: PMC7316342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab8106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers, with frequent
local therapy resistance and dismal 5-year survival rate. To date, surgical
resection remains to be the only treatment option offering potential cure.
Unfortunately, at diagnosis, the majority of patients demonstrate varying levels
of vascular infiltration, which can contraindicate surgical resection. Patients
unsuitable for immediate resection are further divided into locally advanced
(LA) and borderline resectable (BR), with different treatment goals and
therapeutic designs. Accurate definition of resectability is thus critical for
PC patients, yet the existing methods to determine resectability rely on
descriptive abutment to surrounding vessels rather than quantitative geometric
characterization. Here, we aim to introduce a novel intra-subject object-space
support-vector-machine (OsSVM) method to quantitatively characterize the degree
of vascular involvement -- the main factor determining the PC resectability.
Intra-subject OsSVMs were applied on 107 contrast CT scans (56 LA, BR and 26
resectable (RE) PC cases) for optimized tumor-vessel separations. Nine metrics
derived from OsSVM margins were calculated as indicators of the overall vascular
infiltration. The combined sets of matrics selected by the elastic net yielded
high classification capability between LA and BR (AUC=0.95), as well as BR and
RE (AUC=0.98). The proposed OsSVM method may provide an improved quantitative
imaging guideline to refine the PC resectability grading system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
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Lao Y, David J, Fan Z, Sheng K, Yang W, Tuli R. Discriminating Locally Advanced and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancers - a Contrast CT Based Quantitative Characterization of Vascular Involvement. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Li M, Wu Z, Yuan Y, Feng L, Lao Y, Guo Z. Delayed angioplasty is superior to an emergency strategy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who present late and with infarct artery spontaneous reperfusion before intervention. Cardiovasc J Afr 2019; 30:162-167. [PMID: 31144708 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2019-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The best time to perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting 12 to 72 hours after chest pain is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether delayed PCI was superior to emergency PCI in STEMI patients who presented 12 to 72 hours after onset of symptoms and with a spontaneous reperfusion infarct-related artery (IRA). METHODS STEMI patients who presented 12 to 72 hours after symptom onset were enrolled and assigned to either the emergency PCI or delayed PCI group. We compared the rates of procedural success and in-hospital mortality as well as the main adverse cardiac events (MACE) during hospitalisation and after one year of follow up. RESULTS We enrolled 159 patients in this retrospective study. Emergency PCI was performed in 73 patients and delayed PCI in 86 patients. A remarkably high rate of procedural success was achieved in the delayed PCI group compared with the emergency PCI group (97.7 vs 86.3%, p = 0.007) due to a lower rate of no re-flow or slow flow (2.3 vs 13.7%, p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in terms of MACE and in-hospital mortality rates (16.4 vs 9.3%, p = 0.133; 1.4 vs 2.3%, p = 0.562). During one year of follow up, the left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in the two groups [median 58% (57-68) in the emergency PCI group vs median 56% (50-62) in the delayed PCI group, p = 0.666]. Although the emergency PCI group had a trend towards a higher rate of MACE, the difference was not statistically significant (12.2 vs 11.6%, HR = 1.067, 95% CI: 0.434-2.627, p = 0. 887). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients who presented late (12-72 hours) after symptom onset and with a spontaneous reperfusion IRA, delayed PCI showed a higher rate of procedural success without increased rates of in-hospital and long-term MACE and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Zidi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Huiqiao Medical Centre, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Deng Z, Pang J, Lao Y, Bi X, Wang G, Chen Y, Fenchel M, Tuli R, Li D, Yang W, Fan Z. A post-processing method based on interphase motion correction and averaging to improve image quality of 4D magnetic resonance imaging: a clinical feasibility study. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180424. [PMID: 30604622 PMCID: PMC6541178 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS: Nine patients (seven pancreas, one liver, and one lung) were recruited. 4D-MRI was performed using two prototype k-space sorted techniques, stack-of-stars (SOS) and koosh-ball (KB) acquisitions. Post-processing using MoCoAve was implemented for both methods. Image quality score, apparent SNR (aSNR), sharpness, motion trajectory and standard deviation (σ_GTV) of the gross tumor volumes were compared between original and MoCoAve image sets. RESULTS: All subjects successfully underwent 4D-MRI scans and MoCoAve was performed on all data sets. Significantly higher image quality scores (2.64 ± 0.39 vs 1.18 ± 0.34, p = 0.001) and aSNR (37.6 ± 15.3 vs 18.1 ± 5.7, p = 0.001) was observed in the MoCoAve images when compared to the original images. High correlation in tumor motion trajectories in the superoinferior direction (SI: 0.91 ± 0.08) and weaker in the anteroposterior (AP: 0.51 ± 0.44) and mediolateral (ML: 0.37 ± 0.23) directions, similar image sharpness (0.367 ± 0.068 vs 0.369 ± 0.072, p = 0.805), and minimal average absolute difference (0.47 ± 0.34 mm) of the motion trajectory profiles was found between the two image sets. The σ_GTV in pancreas patients was significantly (p = 0.039) lower in MoCoAve images (1.48 ± 1.35 cm3) than in the original images (2.17 ± 1.31 cm3). CONCLUSION: MoCoAve using interphase motion correction and averaging has shown promise as a post-processing method for improving k-space sorted (SOS and KB) 4D-MRI image quality in thoracic and abdominal cancer patients. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The proposed method is an image based post-processing method that could be applied to many k-space sorted 4D-MRI methods for improved image quality and signal-to-noise ratio while preserving image sharpness and respiratory motion fidelity. It is a useful technique for the radiotherapy planning community who are interested in using 4D-MRI but aren't satisfied with their current MR image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yi Lao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Bi
- MR R&D, Siemens Healthineers, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Tuli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lao Y, David J, Torosian A, Placencio V, Wang Y, Hendifar A, Yang W, Tuli R. Combined morphologic and metabolic pipeline for Positron emission tomography/computed tomography based radiotherapy response evaluation in locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2019; 9:28-34. [PMID: 32190750 PMCID: PMC7079767 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel morphologic and metabolic combined pipeline for PA response evaluation. The derived metric outperformed traditional imaging metrics in risk stratification. May serve as a new image biomarker to characterize heterogeneous tumor response.
Background and purpose Adaptive radiation planning for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) relies on accurate treatment response assessment, while traditional response evaluation criteria inefficiently characterize tumors with complex morphological features or intrinsically low metabolism. To better assess treatment response of PA, we quantify and compare regional morphological and metabolic features of the 3D pre- and post-radiation therapy (RT) tumor models. Materials and methods Thirty-one PA patients with pre and post-RT Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were evaluated. 3D meshes of pre- and post-RT tumors were generated and registered to establish vertex-wise correspondence. To assess tumor response, Mahalanobis distances (Mdist|Fusion) between pre- and post-RT tumor surfaces with anatomic and metabolic fused vectors were calculated for each patient. Mdist|Fusion was evaluated by overall survival (OS) prediction and survival risk classification. As a comparison, the same analyses were conducted on traditional imaging/physiological predictors, and distances measurements based on metabolic and morphological features only. Results Among all the imaging/physiological parameters, Mdist|Fusion was shown to be the best predictor of OS (HR = 0.52, p = 0.008), while other parameters failed to reach significance. Moreover, Mdist|Fusion outperformed traditional morphologic and metabolic measurements in patient risk stratification, either alone (HR = 11.51, p < 0.001) or combined with age (HR = 9.04, p < 0.001). Conclusions We introduced a PET/CT-based novel morphologic and metabolic pipeline for response evaluation in locally advanced PA. The fused Mdist|Fusion outperformed traditional morphologic, metabolic, and physiological measurements in OS prediction and risk stratification. The novel fusion model may serve as a new imaging-marker to more accurately characterize the heterogeneous tumor RT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John David
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Arman Torosian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Veronica Placencio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.,School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Hendifar
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wensha Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Richard Tuli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
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Jia Y, Lao Y, Zhu H, Li N, Leung SW. Is metformin still the most efficacious first-line oral hypoglycaemic drug in treating type 2 diabetes? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1-12. [PMID: 30230172 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of hypoglycaemic drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We compared 11 major oral hypoglycaemic drugs under five categories evaluated by RCTs as drug monotherapy for the patients with T2DM, measuring glycosylated haemoglobin (%) or fasting plasma glucose (mmol L-1 ) as outcomes. RCT quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Network meta-analysis estimated the mean differences and 95% credible intervals. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the results robustness. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation evidence strength was assessed. RESULTS Seventy-five RCTs including 33,830 patients were identified. Their study quality was high. Regarding glycosylated haemoglobin, top three anti-diabetics were repaglinide (mean differences -1.39 [95% credible intervals -1.75 to -1.03]), gliclazide (-1.37 [-2.04 to -0.71]) and metformin (-1.13 [-1.37 to -0.90]), against placebo. Regarding fasting plasma glucose, top three anti-diabetics were repaglinide (-2.01 [-2.75 to -0.97]), metformin (-1.72 [-2.16 to -1.27]) and glipizide (-1.57 [-2.44 to -0.64]), against placebo. There was no difference between metformin and repaglinide. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses found the results to be robust. The evidence strength was moderate to high. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that repaglinide and metformin would be the most efficacious oral drugs for first-line monotherapy of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Y Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - H Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - N Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - S-W Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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22
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Lao Y, Feng L, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Huang X, Li M, Wu Z. Prognostic Value of Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Postmenopausal Diabetic Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for Acute Coronary Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9399-9405. [PMID: 30587845 PMCID: PMC6322369 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of our study was to analyze the clinical value of glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbA1c) levels in postmenopausal women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and diabetes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Material/Methods A total of 173 consecutive postmenopausal patients with comorbid diabetes underwent PCI for primary ACS were enrolled in this study. Serum HbA1c levels were measured prior to PCI, and baseline clinical characteristics of all patients were collected. All patients were followed up at regular intervals for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during the first year after PCI. MACEs included cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization (TVR). Results At the endpoint of this study, 29 (16.8%) patients out of all 173 patients had MACEs. According to the effect of glycemic control (as indicated by HbA1c levels), all patients were stratified into a well-controlled group (HbA1c ≤7.0%, N=72) and a poorly-controlled group (HbA1c >7.0%, N=101). The incidence rate of MACEs and TVR in poorly-controlled diabetics was prominently higher than that in well-controlled diabetics (10.8% vs. 21.8%, p=0.04). In multivariable COX regression analysis, after adjustment for potential confounders, HbA1c ≥7.0% remained an independent risk predictor of MACE (HR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.13–5.65; p<0.01). Conclusions In postmenopausal ACS patients with comorbid diabetes, a high level of HbA1c is associated with a higher MACE rate after PCI, which is mainly driven by a higher rate of TVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zidi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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23
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Lao Y, David J, Mirhadi A, Lepore N, Sandler H, Wang Y, Tuli R, Yang W. Discriminating lung adenocarcinoma from lung squamous cell carcinoma using respiration-induced tumor shape changes. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:215027. [PMID: 30403196 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aae7f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Based on 4D-CT, we aimed to characterize the pattern of morphological changes in lung tumors during respiration, and investigated its potential in non-invasively differentiating lung adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We applied a 3D surface analysis on 22 tumors (13 AC, 9 SCC) to investigate the tumor regional morphological fluctuations in response to respiration phases. Tumor surface vertices among ten respiratory phases were matched using surface-based registration, and the shape descriptors (ρ and detJ) were calculated and tracked across respiration stages in a regionally aligned scenario. Pair-wise group comparisons were performed between lung AC and SCC subtypes, in terms of ratios of maximal shape changes as well as correlation coefficients between tumor shape and respiratory stage indicators from the lung. AC type tumors had averaged larger surface measurements at exhale than at inhale, and these surface measurements were negatively correlated with lung volumes across respiratory stages. In contrast, SCC type tumors had averaged smaller surface measurements at exhale than at inhale, and the correlations with lung volumes were positive. The group differences in maximal shape changes as well as correlations were both statistically significant (p < 0.05). We developed a non-invasive lung tumor sub-type detection pipeline based on respiration-induced tumor surface deformation. Significant differences in deformation patterns were detected between lung AC and SCC. The derived surface measurements may potentially serve as a new non-invasive imaging biomarker of lung cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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24
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Lao Y, Tuli R, David J, Mirhadi A, Lepore N, Wang Y, Sandler H, Yang W. Discriminating Lung Adenocarcinoma from Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Respiration Induced Tumor Shape Changes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Cheng Y, Lao Y. THE ATTITUDES OF REGISTERED NURSES TOWARDS ELDERLY IN THE GERIATRIC MEDICAL FACILITY IN SHANGHAI. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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26
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Gou S, Lao Y, Fan Z, Sheng K, Sandler H, Tuli R, Yang W. Automated Vessel Segmentation in Pancreas 4D-MRI using a Novel Transferred Convolutional Neural Network. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Lao Y, David J, Torosian A, Yang W, Tuli R. A novel morphologic and metabolic feature fused treatment response evaluation pipeline for pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
311 Background: Adaptive radiation therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) relies on accurate treatment response assessment. Traditional RECIST criteria poorly characterize tumors with complex morphological features, while PET imaging inefficiently detects tumors with intrinsically low standardized uptake value (SUV). Here, we performed regional comparisons of 3D intact PA surfaces pre and post chemoradiotherapy (CRT) utilizing surface measurements containing both morphological and metabolic features to better assess response. Methods: Twenty-one locally advanced PA patients with pre- and 6-8 week post-CRT 18F FDG-PET/CT scans were evaluated. Boundaries of initial and post-CRT tumors were manually defined on respective CT images. On each of the tumors, 3D meshes were generated, followed by surface based registration to achieve vertex-wise correspondence. For each surface vertex, a multivariate vector was formed from two components: anatomic (deformation tensors resulted from surface registration), and metabolic (regional SUV obtained from radius to surface projections). To assess tumor response, paired mahabanobis distance (Mdist) between pre- and post-CRT tumor surfaces with previously formed multivariate vectors were calculated for each patient. Mdist was evaluated using Cox analysis correlated with overall survival (OS) and compared with measurements based on serum CA19-9, volume, SUVmax and SUVmean. Results: Among all the tested parameters, Mdist is the best predictor of OS, with a hazard ratio of 0.437 (p = 0.036). Post-CRT versus pre-CRT ratios based on volume and SUVmax both reached borderline significance (p = 0.0769 and 0.0799, respectively), while CA19-9 and SUVmean failed in predicting OS in our small cohort of patients. Conclusions: We introduced a PET/CT-based novel morphologic and metabolic pipeline for post-CRT response evaluation in locally advanced PA. The fused Mdist outperformed traditional morphologic, metabolic, and physiological measurements in OS prediction. The presented fused model may serve as a new biomarker to better characterize the heterogeneity of tumor response to CRT and a predictive marker for surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John David
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Wensha Yang
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard Tuli
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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28
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Bakke V, Sporsem H, Von der Lippe E, Nordøy I, Lao Y, Nyrerød HC, Sandvik L, Hårvig KR, Bugge JF, Helset E. Vancomycin levels are frequently subtherapeutic in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:627-635. [PMID: 28444760 PMCID: PMC5485054 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Appropriate utilization of vancomycin is important to attain therapeutic targets while avoiding clinical failure and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Our aim was to observe the use of vancomycin in an intensive care population, with the main focus on achievement of therapeutic serum concentrations (15–20 mg/l) and to evaluate how this was influenced by dose regimens, use of guidelines and therapeutic drug monitoring. Methods A prospective observational study was carried out in the intensive care units at two tertiary hospitals in Norway. Data were collected from 83 patients who received vancomycin therapy, half of these received continuous renal replacement therapy. Patients were followed for 72 h after initiation of therapy. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of trough serum concentrations. Urine was collected for calculations of creatinine clearance. Information was gathered from medical records and electronic health records. Results Less than 40% of the patients attained therapeutic trough serum concentrations during the first 3 days of therapy. Patients with augmented renal clearance had lower serum trough concentrations despite receiving higher maintenance doses and more loading doses. When trough serum concentrations were outside of therapeutic range, dose adjustments in accordance to therapeutic drug monitoring were made to less than half. Conclusion The present study reveals significant challenges in the utilization of vancomycin in critically ill patients. There is a need for clearer guidelines regarding dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin for patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Bakke
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | | | - E. Von der Lippe
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Oslo University Hospital - Ullevaal; Oslo Norway
| | - I. Nordøy
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine; Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - Y. Lao
- Oslo Hospital Pharmacy; Oslo Norway
| | - H. C. Nyrerød
- Department of Anesthesiology; Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - L. Sandvik
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Research support services; Oslo Norway
| | - K. R. Hårvig
- Department of Anesthesiology; Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - J. F. Bugge
- Department of Anesthesiology; Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - E. Helset
- Department of Anesthesiology; Oslo University Hospital - Ullevaal; Oslo Norway
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Liu L, He J, Wei X, Wan G, Lao Y, Xu W, Li Z, Hu H, Hu Z, Luo X, Wu J, Xie W, Zhang Y, Xu N. MicroRNA-20a-mediated loss of autophagy contributes to breast tumorigenesis by promoting genomic damage and instability. Oncogene 2017. [PMID: 28628113 PMCID: PMC5658668 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer data set show that miR-20a is upregulated in human breast cancer, especially in triple-negative subtype. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggests that miR-20a expression negatively correlates with the autophagy/lysosome pathway. We report here that miR-20a inhibits the basal and nutrient starvation-induced autophagic flux and lysosomal proteolytic activity, increases intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage response by targeting several key regulators of autophagy, including BECN1, ATG16L1 and SQSTM1. Re-introduction of exogenous BECN1, ATG16L1 or SQSTM1 reverses the inhibitory effect of miR-20a on autophagy and decreases DNA damage. A negative correlation between miR-20a and its target genes is observed in breast cancer tissues. Lower levels of BECN1, ATG16L1 and SQSTM1 are more common in triple-negative cancers than in other subtypes. High levels of miR-20a also associate with higher frequency of copy-number alterations and DNA mutations in breast cancer patients. Further studies in a xenograft mouse model show that miR-20a promotes tumor initiation and tumor growth. Collectively, these findings suggest that miR-20a-mediated autophagy defect might be a new mechanism underlying the oncogenic function of miRNA during breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - J He
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Wei
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - G Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z Hu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - X Luo
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - W Xie
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - N Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
Recent neuroimaging findings have highlighted the impact of premature birth on subcortical development and morphological changes in the deep grey nuclei and ventricular system. To help characterize subcortical microstructural changes in preterm neonates, we recently implemented a multivariate tensor-based method (mTBM). This method allows to precisely measure local surface deformation of brain structures in infants. Here, we investigated ventricular abnormalities and their spatial relationships with surrounding subcortical structures in preterm neonates. We performed regional group comparisons on the surface morphometry and relative position of the lateral ventricles between 19 full-term and 17 preterm born neonates at term-equivalent age. Furthermore, a relative pose analysis was used to detect individual differences in translation, rotation, and scale of a given brain structure with respect to an average. Our mTBM results revealed broad areas of alterations on the frontal horn and body of the left ventricle, and narrower areas of differences on the temporal horn of the right ventricle. A significant shift in the rotation of the left ventricle was also found in preterm neonates. Furthermore, we located significant correlations between morphology and pose parameters of the lateral ventricles and that of the putamen and thalamus. These results show that regional abnormalities on the surface and pose of the ventricles are also associated with alterations on the putamen and thalamus. The complementarity of the information provided by the surface and pose analysis may help to identify abnormal white and grey matter growth, hinting toward a pattern of neural and cellular dysmaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paquette
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Y Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Y Lao
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M D Nelson
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Lepore
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Lao Y, Dion LA, Gilbert G, Bouchard MF, Rocha G, Wang Y, Leporé N, Saint-Amour D. Mapping the basal ganglia alterations in children chronically exposed to manganese. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41804. [PMID: 28155922 PMCID: PMC5290534 DOI: 10.1038/srep41804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with neuromotor and neurocognitive deficits, but the exact mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity is still unclear. With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in-vivo analysis of brain structures has become possible. Among different sub-cortical structures, the basal ganglia (BG) has been investigated as a putative anatomical biomarker in MR-based studies of Mn toxicity. However, previous investigations have yielded inconsistent results in terms of regional MR signal intensity changes. These discrepancies may be due to the subtlety of brain alterations caused by Mn toxicity, coupled to analysis techniques that lack the requisite detection power. Here, based on brain MRI, we apply a 3D surface-based morphometry method on 3 bilateral basal ganglia structures in school-age children chronically exposed to Mn through drinking water to investigate the effect of Mn exposure on brain anatomy. Our method successfully pinpointed significant enlargement of many areas of the basal ganglia structures, preferentially affecting the putamen. Moreover, these areas showed significant correlations with fine motor performance, indicating a possible link between altered basal ganglia neurodevelopment and declined motor performance in high Mn exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Laurie-Anne Dion
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Department of radiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryse F Bouchard
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Rocha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Dave Saint-Amour
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Lao Y, Nguyen B, Tsao S, Gajawelli N, Law M, Chui H, Weiner M, Wang Y, Leporé N. A T1 and DTI fused 3D corpus callosum analysis in MCI subjects with high and low cardiovascular risk profile. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 14:298-307. [PMID: 28210541 PMCID: PMC5299209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the extent to which vascular disease and its risk factors are associated with prodromal dementia, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD), may enhance predictive accuracy as well as guide early interventions. One promising avenue to determine this relationship consists of looking for reliable and sensitive in-vivo imaging methods capable of characterizing the subtle brain alterations before the clinical manifestations. However, little is known from the imaging perspective about how risk factors such as vascular disease influence AD progression. Here, for the first time, we apply an innovative T1 and DTI fusion analysis of 3D corpus callosum (CC) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) populations with different levels of vascular profile, aiming to de-couple the vascular factor in the prodromal AD stage. Our new fusion method successfully increases the detection power for differentiating MCI subjects with high from low vascular risk profiles, as well as from healthy controls. MCI subjects with high and low vascular risk profiles showed differed alteration patterns in the anterior CC, which may help to elucidate the inter-wired relationship between MCI and vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Binh Nguyen
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sinchai Tsao
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
| | - Niharika Gajawelli
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Helena Chui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
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Yepes-Calderon F, Lao Y, Fillard P, Nelson MD, Panigrahy A, Lepore N. Tractography in the clinics: Implementing a pipeline to characterize early brain development. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 14:629-640. [PMID: 28348954 PMCID: PMC5357703 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In imaging studies of neonates, particularly in the clinical setting, diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography is typically unreliable due to the use of fast acquisition protocols that yield low resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These image acquisition protocols are implemented with the aim of reducing motion artifacts that may be produced by the movement of the neonate's head during the scanning session. Furthermore, axons are not yet fully myelinated in these subjects. As a result, the water molecules' movements are not as constrained as in older brains, making it even harder to define structure using diffusion profiles. Here, we introduce a post-processing method that overcomes the difficulties described above, allowing the determination of reliable tracts in newborns. We tested our method using neonatal data and successfully extracted some of the limbic, association and commissural fibers, all of which are typically difficult to obtain by direct tractography. Geometrical and diffusion based features of the tracts are then utilized to compare premature babies to term babies. Our results quantify the maturation of white matter fiber tracts in neonates. The proposed method enables consistent tractography in clinical datasets. The tractography is used to structural positioning purposes Geometrical features and diffusion variables in the tracts' paths are analyzed. The gestational age was predicted with regressions in term and preterm babies. The extracted features can be used as indexes of early neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Yepes-Calderon
- Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Neurosurgery, 1300 Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Universidad de Barcelona, Facultad de Medicina, Casanova 43, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yi Lao
- Children Hospital Los Angeles, Radiology, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Fillard
- Parietal Research Team, INRIA Saclay le-de-France, Neurospin, France
| | - Marvin D Nelson
- Children Hospital Los Angeles, Radiology, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- Children Hospital Los Angeles, Radiology, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chai Y, Lao Y, Li Y, Ji C, O'Neil S, Wang Y, Lepore N, Wood J. Multivariate surface-based analysis of corpus callosum in patients with sickle cell disease. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2016; 10160:101600A. [PMID: 31178616 PMCID: PMC6554202 DOI: 10.1117/12.2257399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hematological disease in which the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells is abnormal. It is closely associated with many symptoms, including pain, anemia, chest syndrome and neurocognitive impairment. One of the most debilitating symptoms is elevated risk for cerebro-vascular accidents. The corpus callosum (CC), as the largest and most prominent white matter (WM) structure in the brain, can reflect the chronic cerebrovascular damage resulting from silent strokes or infarctions in asymptomatic SCD patients. While a lot of studies have reported WM alterations in this cohort, little is known about the shape deformation of the CC. Here we perform the first surface morphometry analysis of the CC in SCD patients using four different shape metrics on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. We detect regional surface morphological differences in the CC between 11 patients and 10 healthy control subjects. Differences are located in the genu, posterior midbody and splenium, potentially casting light on the anatomical substrates underlying neuropsychological test differences between the SCD and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Chai
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Yi Lao
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Yicen Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Chaoran Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Sharon O'Neil
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- CIBORG laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - John Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
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35
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Vlasova R, Gajawelli N, Wang Y, Dirks H, Dean D, O'Muircheartaigh J, Lao Y, Yoon J, Nelson MD, Deoni S, Lepore N. Putamen Development in Children 12 to 21 Months Old. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2016; 10160. [PMID: 31178618 DOI: 10.1117/12.2257278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We studied the developmental trajectory of the putamen in 13-21 months old children using multivariate surface tensor-based morphometry. Our results indicate surface changes between 12 and 15 months' age groups in the middle superior part the left putamen. The growth of the left putamen at earlier ages slows down after 15 months. The most important surface changes were detected in the right putamen between 18 and 21 months and were located in the anterior part of the structure. Our results demonstrate the heterochronic growth of the right and left putamen related to different functional subregions within putamen. Our results are compatible with previous studies devoted to total putamen volume changes during normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Vlasova
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niharika Gajawelli
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Holly Dirks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, RI, USA
| | - Douglas Dean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, RI, USA
| | | | - Yi Lao
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - James Yoon
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Marvin D Nelson
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of Pediatric Radiology Research, Children's Hospital Colorado, CO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, RI, USA
| | - Natasha Lepore
- CIBORG Lab, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
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36
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Anderson RF, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Fleisher MQ, Hayes CT, Huang KF, Kadko D, Lam PJ, Landing WM, Lao Y, Lu Y, Measures CI, Moran SB, Morton PL, Ohnemus DC, Robinson LF, Shelley RU. How well can we quantify dust deposition to the ocean? Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0285. [PMID: 29035251 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.02852016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of continental mineral aerosols (dust) in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean, between the coast of Africa and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, was estimated using several strategies based on the measurement of aerosols, trace metals dissolved in seawater, particulate material filtered from the water column, particles collected by sediment traps and sediments. Most of the data used in this synthesis involve samples collected during US GEOTRACES expeditions in 2010 and 2011, although some results from the literature are also used. Dust deposition generated by a global model serves as a reference against which the results from each observational strategy are compared. Observation-based dust fluxes disagree with one another by as much as two orders of magnitude, although most of the methods produce results that are consistent with the reference model to within a factor of 5. The large range of estimates indicates that further work is needed to reduce uncertainties associated with each method before it can be applied routinely to map dust deposition to the ocean. Calculated dust deposition using observational strategies thought to have the smallest uncertainties is lower than the reference model by a factor of 2-5, suggesting that the model may overestimate dust deposition in our study area.This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Anderson
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - H Cheng
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - R L Edwards
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M Q Fleisher
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - C T Hayes
- Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
| | - K-F Huang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - D Kadko
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - P J Lam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - W M Landing
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Y Lao
- Department of Laboratory Services, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, 190 Tafts Avenue, Winthrop, MA 02152, USA
| | - Y Lu
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - C I Measures
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - S B Moran
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - P L Morton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - D C Ohnemus
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - L F Robinson
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - R U Shelley
- LEMAR/UMR CNRS 6539/IUEM, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, Plouzané 29280, France
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37
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Anderson RF, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Fleisher MQ, Hayes CT, Huang KF, Kadko D, Lam PJ, Landing WM, Lao Y, Lu Y, Measures CI, Moran SB, Morton PL, Ohnemus DC, Robinson LF, Shelley RU. How well can we quantify dust deposition to the ocean? Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:20150285. [PMID: 29035251 PMCID: PMC5069522 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of continental mineral aerosols (dust) in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean, between the coast of Africa and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, was estimated using several strategies based on the measurement of aerosols, trace metals dissolved in seawater, particulate material filtered from the water column, particles collected by sediment traps and sediments. Most of the data used in this synthesis involve samples collected during US GEOTRACES expeditions in 2010 and 2011, although some results from the literature are also used. Dust deposition generated by a global model serves as a reference against which the results from each observational strategy are compared. Observation-based dust fluxes disagree with one another by as much as two orders of magnitude, although most of the methods produce results that are consistent with the reference model to within a factor of 5. The large range of estimates indicates that further work is needed to reduce uncertainties associated with each method before it can be applied routinely to map dust deposition to the ocean. Calculated dust deposition using observational strategies thought to have the smallest uncertainties is lower than the reference model by a factor of 2-5, suggesting that the model may overestimate dust deposition in our study area.This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Anderson
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - H Cheng
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - R L Edwards
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M Q Fleisher
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - C T Hayes
- Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
| | - K-F Huang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - D Kadko
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - P J Lam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - W M Landing
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Y Lao
- Department of Laboratory Services, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, 190 Tafts Avenue, Winthrop, MA 02152, USA
| | - Y Lu
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - C I Measures
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - S B Moran
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - P L Morton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - D C Ohnemus
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA
| | - L F Robinson
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - R U Shelley
- LEMAR/UMR CNRS 6539/IUEM, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, Plouzané 29280, France
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38
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Xi Z, Yao M, Li Y, Xie C, Holst J, Liu T, Cai S, Lao Y, Tan H, Xu HX, Dong Q. Guttiferone K impedes cell cycle re-entry of quiescent prostate cancer cells via stabilization of FBXW7 and subsequent c-MYC degradation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2252. [PMID: 27253416 PMCID: PMC5143372 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle re-entry by quiescent cancer cells is an important mechanism for cancer progression. While high levels of c-MYC expression are sufficient for cell cycle re-entry, the modality to block c-MYC expression, and subsequent cell cycle re-entry, is limited. Using reversible quiescence rendered by serum withdrawal or contact inhibition in PTEN(null)/p53(WT) (LNCaP) or PTEN(null)/p53(mut) (PC-3) prostate cancer cells, we have identified a compound that is able to impede cell cycle re-entry through c-MYC. Guttiferone K (GUTK) blocked resumption of DNA synthesis and preserved the cell cycle phase characteristics of quiescent cells after release from the quiescence. In vehicle-treated cells, there was a rapid increase in c-MYC protein levels upon release from the quiescence. However, this increase was inhibited in the presence of GUTK with an associated acceleration in c-MYC protein degradation. The inhibitory effect of GUTK on cell cycle re-entry was significantly reduced in cells overexpressing c-MYC. The protein level of FBXW7, a subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for degradation of c-MYC, was reduced upon the release from the quiescence. In contrast, GUTK stabilized FBXW7 protein levels during release from the quiescence. The critical role of FBXW7 was confirmed using siRNA knockdown, which impaired the inhibitory effect of GUTK on c-MYC protein levels and cell cycle re-entry. Administration of GUTK, either in vitro prior to transplantation or in vivo, suppressed the growth of quiescent prostate cancer cell xenografts. Furthermore, elevation of FBXW7 protein levels and reduction of c-MYC protein levels were found in the xenografts of GUTK-treated compared with vehicle-treated mice. Hence, we have identified a compound that is capable of impeding cell cycle re-entry by quiescent PTEN(null)/p53(WT) and PTEN(null)/p53(mut) prostate cancer cells likely by promoting c-MYC protein degradation through stabilization of FBXW7. Its usage as a clinical modality to prevent prostate cancer progression should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - M Yao
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Y Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - C Xie
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Science and Health, The University of Western Sydney, Penrith South, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Holst
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - H Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - H-X Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Dong
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Science and Health, The University of Western Sydney, Penrith South, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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39
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Shi J, Collignon O, Xu L, Wang G, Kang Y, Leporé F, Lao Y, Joshi AA, Leporé N, Wang Y. Impact of Early and Late Visual Deprivation on the Structure of the Corpus Callosum: A Study Combining Thickness Profile with Surface Tensor-Based Morphometry. Neuroinformatics 2016; 13:321-336. [PMID: 25649876 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-014-9259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Blindness represents a unique model to study how visual experience may shape the development of brain organization. Exploring how the structure of the corpus callosum (CC) reorganizes ensuing visual deprivation is of particular interest due to its important functional implication in vision (e.g., via the splenium of the CC). Moreover, comparing early versus late visually deprived individuals has the potential to unravel the existence of a sensitive period for reshaping the CC structure. Here, we develop a novel framework to capture a complete set of shape differences in the CC between congenitally blind (CB), late blind (LB) and sighted control (SC) groups. The CCs were manually segmented from T1-weighted brain MRI and modeled by 3D tetrahedral meshes. We statistically compared the combination of local area and thickness at each point between subject groups. Differences in area are found using surface tensor-based morphometry; thickness is estimated by tracing the streamlines in the volumetric harmonic field. Group differences were assessed on this combined measure using Hotelling's T(2) test. Interestingly, we observed that the total callosal volume did not differ between the groups. However, our fine-grained analysis reveals significant differences mostly localized around the splenium areas between both blind groups and the sighted group (general effects of blindness) and, importantly, specific dissimilarities between the LB and CB groups, illustrating the existence of a sensitive period for reorganization. The new multivariate statistics also gave better effect sizes for detecting morphometric differences, relative to other statistics. They may boost statistical power for CC morphometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Liang Xu
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Franco Leporé
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anand A Joshi
- Signal and Image Processing Institute, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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40
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Lans PJ, Lao Y, Sporsem H, von der Lippe E, Bakke V, Horvig K, Nyrerød H, Bugge J, Helset E. Variability in vancomycin levels in an intensive care population explained by variability in clearance. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798328 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Shi J, Wang Y, Lao Y, Ceschin R, Mi L, Nelson MD, Panigrahy A, Leporé N. Abnormal Ventricular Development in Preterm Neonates with Visually Normal MRIs. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2015; 9681. [PMID: 31178622 DOI: 10.1117/12.2213297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Children born preterm are at risk for a wide range of neurocognitive and neurobehavioral disorders. Some of these may stem from early brain abnormalities at the neonatal age. Hence, a precise characterization of neonatal neuroanatomy may help inform treatment strategies. In particular, the ventricles are often enlarged in neurocognitive disorders, due to atrophy of surrounding tissues. Here we present a new pipeline for the detection of morphological and relative pose differences in the ventricles of premature neonates compared to controls. To this end, we use a new hyperbolic Ricci flow based mapping of the ventricular surfaces of each subjects to the Poincaré disk. Resulting surfaces are then registered to a template, and a between group comparison is performed using mulitvariate tensor-based morphometry. We also statistically compare the relative pose of the ventricles within the brain between the two groups, by performing a Procrustes alignment between each subject's ventricles and an average shape. For both types of analyses, differences were found in the left ventricles between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liang Mi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Marvin D Nelson
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,CIBORG Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
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42
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Lao Y, Law M, Shi J, Gajawelli N, Haas L, Wang Y, Leporé N. A T1 and DTI fused 3D Corpus Callosum analysis in pre- vs. post-season contact sports players. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2015; 9287:92870O. [PMID: 26412925 PMCID: PMC4580707 DOI: 10.1117/12.2072600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sports related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide public health issue, and damage to the corpus callosum (CC) has been considered as an important indicator of TBI. However, contact sports players suffer repeated hits to the head during the course of a season even in the absence of diagnosed concussion, and less is known about their effect on callosal anatomy. In addition, T1-weighted and diffusion tensor brain magnetic resonance images (DTI) have been analyzed separately, but a joint analysis of both types of data may increase statistical power and give a more complete understanding of anatomical correlates of subclinical concussions in these athletes. Here, for the first time, we fuse T1 surface-based morphometry and a new DTI analysis on 3D surface representations of the CCs into a single statistical analysis on these subjects. Our new combined method successfully increases detection power in detecting differences between pre- vs. post-season contact sports players. Alterations are found in the ventral genu, isthmus, and splenium of CC. Our findings may inform future health assessments in contact sports players. The new method here is also the first truly multimodal diffusion and T1-weighted analysis of the CC in TBI, and may be useful to detect anatomical changes in the corpus callosum in other multimodal datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA ; Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Niharika Gajawelli
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Lauren Haas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
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43
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Lao Y, Wang Y, Shi J, Ceschin R, Nelson MD, Panigrahy A, Leporé N. Thalamic alterations in preterm neonates and their relation to ventral striatum disturbances revealed by a combined shape and pose analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:487-506. [PMID: 25366970 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Finding the neuroanatomical correlates of prematurity is vital to understanding which structures are affected, and to designing efficient prevention and treatment strategies. Converging results reveal that thalamic abnormalities are important indicators of prematurity. However, little is known about the localization of the abnormalities within the subnuclei of the thalamus, or on the association of altered thalamic development with other deep gray matter disturbances. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of prematurity on the thalamus and the putamen in the neonatal brain, and further investigate the associated abnormalities between these two structures. Using brain structural magnetic resonance imaging, we perform a novel combined shape and pose analysis of the thalamus and putamen between 17 preterm (41.12 ± 5.08 weeks) and 19 term-born (45.51 ± 5.40 weeks) neonates at term equivalent age. We also perform a set of correlation analyses between the thalamus and the putamen, based on the surface and pose results. We locate significant alterations on specific surface regions such as the anterior and ventral anterior (VA) thalamic nuclei, and significant relative pose changes of the left thalamus and the right putamen. In addition, we detect significant association between the thalamus and the putamen for both surface and pose parameters. The regions that are significantly associated include the VA, and the anterior and inferior putamen. We detect statistically significant surface deformations and pose changes on the thalamus and putamen, and for the first time, demonstrate the feasibility of using relative pose parameters as indicators for prematurity in neonates. Our methods show that regional abnormalities of the thalamus are associated with alterations of the putamen, possibly due to disturbed development of shared pre-frontal connectivity. More specifically, the significantly correlated regions in these two structures point to frontal-subcortical pathways including the dorsolateral prefrontal-subcortical circuit, the lateral orbitofrontal-subcortical circuit, the motor circuit, and the oculomotor circuit. These findings reveal new insight into potential subcortical structural covariates for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in the preterm population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#81, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marvin D Nelson
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#81, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#81, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#81, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
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Xu CZ, Wang HF, Yang JY, Wang JH, Duan ZY, Wang C, Liu JX, Lao Y. Effects of feeding lutein on production performance, antioxidative status, and milk quality of high-yielding dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7144-50. [PMID: 25173469 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the influences of supplementing different levels of an additive containing lutein in the diet of Chinese Holstein lactating cows on production performance, antioxidative plasma metabolites, and milk quality. This study was performed on 60 multiparous Holstein dairy cows in peak lactation. The cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 homogeneous treatments, with lutein preparation (extracted from marigolds; effective lutein content was 2%) added at levels of 0, 100, 150, and 200 g/d per head, with the actual available amounts being 0, 2, 3, and 4 g of lutein/d per head, respectively. The experiment lasted for 13 wk, with the first week for adaptation. Milk yield and milk compositions were recorded weekly, and milk concentrations of lutein, dry matter intake, and antioxidative blood index were analyzed in the first, fourth, seventh, and thirteenth week of the study. The results showed that adding lutein in the diet had no effect on dry matter intake compared with the control group; however, it slowed down the trend of decline in milk yield, and had a linear incremental effect on milk yield with increasing concentration of lutein. Dietary lutein tended to quadratically increase the percentage of milk fat, and linearly increased milk lactose concentration, with the highest value when treated at 200 g of lutein preparation/d per head, and decreased somatic cell count, with the lowest values when treated with 150 and 200 g of lutein preparation/d per head. The concentration of lutein in milk linearly increased with the incorporation of the additive, with a value of 0.59, 0.70, 1.20, and 1.50 μg/100mL when treated with 0, 100, 150, and 200 g/d, respectively. Total plasma antioxidant capacity tended to linearly increase in cows fed lutein preparation, whereas plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities did not differ significantly. In conclusion, addition of lutein in the diet could improve the production performance and health status of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China
| | - H F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China
| | - J Y Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China; Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - J H Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China
| | - Z Y Duan
- Kemin Industries (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, P. R. China
| | - C Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China.
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, P. R. China.
| | - Y Lao
- Kemin Industries (Zhuhai) Co. Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, P. R. China
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Lao Y, Shi J, Wang Y, Ceschin R, Hwang D, Nelson M, Panigrahy A, Leporé N. Statistical analysis of relative pose of the thalamus in preterm neonates. Clin Image Based Proced 2014; 8361:1-9. [PMID: 29938713 PMCID: PMC6014736 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05666-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Preterm neonates are at higher risk of neurocognitive and neurosensory abnormalities. While numerous studies have looked at the effect of prematurity on brain anatomy, none to date have attempted to understand the relative pose of subcortical structures and to assess its potential as a biomarker of abnormal growth. Here, we perform the first relative pose analysis on a point distribution model (PDM) of the thalamus between 17 preterm and 19 term-born healthy neonates. Initially, linear registration and constrained harmonic registration were computed to remove the irrelevant global pose information and obtain correspondence in vertices. All the parameters for the relative pose were then obtained through similarity transformation. Subsequently, all the pose parameters (scale, rotation and translation) were projected into a log-Euclidean space, where univariate and multivariate statistics were performed. Our method detected relative pose differences in the preterm birth for the left thalamus. Our results suggest that relative pose in subcortical structures is a useful indicator of brain injury, particularly along the anterior surface and the posterior surface. Our study supports the concept that there are regional thalamic asymmetries in the preterm that may be related to subtle white matter injury, have prognostic significance, or be related to preterm birth itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lao
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rafeal Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Darryl Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - M.D. Nelson
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
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Lu F, Lao Y, Sun H, Lei C, Deng Y, Luo C, Jiang JR, Shi DS. 195 EFFECTS OF GSK3 INHIBITOR ON THE PLURIPOTENCY MAINTENANCE OF BUFFALO EMBRYONIC STEM-CELL-LIKE CELLS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv26n1ab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, to explore the effects and mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway on the maintenance of pluripotency of buffalo embryonic stem-cell-like cells (buffalo ESC-like cells), the GSK3 inhibitors BIO and CHIR99021 were added throughout the experiment – i.e. from buffalo inner cell mass (ICM) culture to ESC-like line generation. The buffalo ICM were respectively cultured in the medium containing 0.5 μg mL–1 BIO and 5 mmol L–1 CHIR99021. The percentage of ICMs attachment and primary colony formation were observed, and found that there was no significant difference in the ICMs attachment rate among of the BIO, CHIR99021, and the control groups (91.18% and 92.98% v. 94.59%; P > 0.05). Treating ICMs with CHIR99021 resulted in more primary colony formation rate compared with the control group (77.71% v. 55.41%; P < 0.05). The proliferation rate of primary colonies of buffalo ESC-like cells was detected by bromodeoxyuridine immunofluorescence techniques. The results show that the proliferation rate of primary colonies in the group of buffalo ESC-like cells treated with CHIR99021 was significantly higher than that of the control group on Day 1, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5 (P < 0.05), and it was also evidently higher than that of control group only on Day 1 (P < 0.05) in the group of BIO, but there was no significant difference in other days (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression level of proliferation marker PCNA of ESC-like cells was significantly up-regulated in both CHIR99021 and BIO treatment groups (P < 0.05), however, treating buffalo ESC-like cells with CHIR99021 significantly up-regulated the expression of pluripotent gene Oct4 and Sox2 (P < 0.05), but had no effect on pluripotent gene Nanog expression (P > 0.05). Oct4 expression was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of Sox2 and Nanog were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the group of BIO treatment. Furthermore, the relative protein level of β-catenin (the downstream effector of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway) and the mRNA expression level of c-Myc (the downstream target gene of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway) were significantly increased when buffalo ESC-like cells respectively treated with CHIR99021 and BIO (P < 0.05). In conclusion, treating buffalo ESC-like cells with GSK3 inhibitors CHIR99021 can promote proliferation of buffalo ESC-like cells, maintain their undifferentiated state, and up-regulate the expression levels of β-Catenin and c-Myc in buffalo ESC-like cells. These results indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway plays an important role in regulation of self-renewal of buffalo ESC-like cells.
This work was funded by the China High Technology Development Program (2011AA100607), China Natural Science Foundation (31072033), and Guangxi Science Foundation (2012GXNSFFA060004).
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Gajawelli N, Lao Y, Apuzzo MLJ, Romano R, Liu C, Tsao S, Hwang D, Wilkins B, Lepore N, Law M. Neuroimaging changes in the brain in contact versus noncontact sport athletes using diffusion tensor imaging. World Neurosurg 2013; 80:824-8. [PMID: 24120614 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury in contact sports has significant impact on short-term neurologic and neurosurgical function as well as longer-term cognitive disability. In this study, we aim to demonstrate that contact sport participants exhibit differences in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) caused by repeated physical impacts on the brain. We also aim to determine that impact incurred by the contact sports athletes during the season may result in the differences between the pre- and postseason DTI scans. METHODS DTI data were collected from 10 contact-sport (mean age 20.4 ± 1.36 years) and 13 age-matched noncontact-sport (mean age 19.5 ± 1.03 years) male athletes on a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. A single-shot, echo-planar imaging sequence with b-value of 1000 s/mm(2) and 25 gradient directions was used. Eight of the athletes were again scanned after the end of the season. The b0 nondiffusion-weighted image was averaged five times. Voxel-wise, two-sample t tests were run for all group comparisons, and in each case, the positive false-discovery rate was computed to assess the whole-map, multiple-comparison corrected significance. RESULTS There were significant differences in the fractional anisotropy values in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, parts of the superior and posterior coronal radiate, and the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC) as well as smaller clusters in the genu and parts of the body of the CC. In addition, the external capsule also shows some difference between the contact and noncontact athlete brains. In addition, the preseason and postseason showed differences in these regions, however, the postseason P-values show significance in more areas of the CC. CONCLUSIONS There are significant DTI changes in the CC, the external capsule, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, as well as regions such as the superior/posterior corona radiata the preseason contact versus the noncontact control athletes were compared and also when the postseason contact athletes with the control athletes were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Gajawelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Shi J, Wang Y, Ceschin R, An X, Lao Y, Vanderbilt D, Nelson MD, Thompson PM, Panigrahy A, Leporé N. A multivariate surface-based analysis of the putamen in premature newborns: regional differences within the ventral striatum. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66736. [PMID: 23843961 PMCID: PMC3700976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many children born preterm exhibit frontal executive dysfunction, behavioral problems including attentional deficit/hyperactivity disorder and attention related learning disabilities. Anomalies in regional specificity of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits may underlie deficits in these disorders. Nonspecific volumetric deficits of striatal structures have been documented in these subjects, but little is known about surface deformation in these structures. For the first time, here we found regional surface morphological differences in the preterm neonatal ventral striatum. We performed regional group comparisons of the surface anatomy of the striatum (putamen and globus pallidus) between 17 preterm and 19 term-born neonates at term-equivalent age. We reconstructed striatal surfaces from manually segmented brain magnetic resonance images and analyzed them using our in-house conformal mapping program. All surfaces were registered to a template with a new surface fluid registration method. Vertex-based statistical comparisons between the two groups were performed via four methods: univariate and multivariate tensor-based morphometry, the commonly used medial axis distance, and a combination of the last two statistics. We found statistically significant differences in regional morphology between the two groups that are consistent across statistics, but more extensive for multivariate measures. Differences were localized to the ventral aspect of the striatum. In particular, we found abnormalities in the preterm anterior/inferior putamen, which is interconnected with the medial orbital/prefrontal cortex and the midline thalamic nuclei including the medial dorsal nucleus and pulvinar. These findings support the hypothesis that the ventral striatum is vulnerable, within the cortico-stiato-thalamo-cortical neural circuitry, which may underlie the risk for long-term development of frontal executive dysfunction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attention-related learning disabilities in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xing An
- School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas Vanderbilt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Fellowship Program, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marvin D. Nelson
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Li X, Yu J, Chen D, Lao Y, Peng L, Chu Z. [MDCT and MRI findings of localized Castleman's disease and its pathological basis]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2012; 29:70-96. [PMID: 22404010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To evaluated the multi-detector CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of localized Castleman's disease (CD), we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, MDCT and MRI findings of 13 patients with CD proved pathologically. All patients underwent plain MDCT scan, 11 underwent enhanced CT, and 2 MRI. 14 lesions were detected in the 13 patients, and all of them were hyaline-vascular type (HV-CD) histopathologically. On plain MDCT scans, all lesions were homogeneously attenuated soft tissue mass; intra-tumoral calcification with punctate and "arborizing" patterns was detected in the center of 2 lesions each. Of the patients with enhanced MDCT, all lesions showed obvious enhancement homogeneously except two lesions with central stellate and 1 lesion with dotted low attenuation. Tortuous vessels could be revealed at the periphery of 8 lesions. Of the 2 patients with MRI, the lesions showed slightly hyper-intensity on T1WI, hyper-intensity on T2WI and marked homogenous enhancement. In addition, one of them showed signal void appearance in the center on unenhanced MRI and large supplying artery with tortuous vessels at the periphery on enhanced MRI. In a word, Localized HV-CD usually demonstrated as soft tissue mass with obvious enhancement on MDCT and MRI. Central stellate area of low attenuation and calcification with punctate or "arborizing" pattern may also be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xu N, Libertini S, Black EJ, Lao Y, Hegarat N, Walker M, Gillespie DA. Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of Chk1 is required for efficient activation and full checkpoint proficiency in response to DNA damage. Oncogene 2011; 31:1086-94. [PMID: 21765472 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that activation of the checkpoint effector kinase Chk1 in response to irradiation-induced DNA damage is minimal in G1, maximal during S-phase and diminishes as cells enter G2. In addition, formation of irradiation-induced replication protein A (RPA)-coated single-stranded DNA (RPA-ssDNA), a structure required for ATM and Rad3-related (ATR)-Chk1 activation, occurs in a broadly similar pattern. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity is thought to promote RPA-ssDNA formation by stimulating DNA strand resection at double-strand breaks (DSBs), providing one possible mechanism of imposing cell cycle dependence on DNA damage signaling. However, it has recently been shown that Chk1 itself is also subject to Cdk-mediated phosphorylation at serines 286 and 301 (S286 and 301). We show that Chk1 S301 phosphorylation increases as cells progress through S and G2 and that both Cdk1 and Cdk2 are likely to contribute to this modification in vivo. We also find that substitution of S286 and S301 with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues strongly attenuates DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation and G2 checkpoint proficiency, but does not eliminate the underlying cell cycle dependence of Chk1 regulation. Taken together, these data indicate that Cdk activity regulates multiple steps in the DNA damage response pathway including full activation of Chk1 and checkpoint proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Xu
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK.
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