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Teo WY, Lim YYE, Sio YY, Say YH, Reginald K, Chew FT. Atopic dermatitis-associated genetic variants regulate LOC100294145 expression implicating interleukin-27 production and type 1 interferon signaling. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100869. [PMID: 38298829 PMCID: PMC10827559 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory disease with a strong genetic component. A singular approach of genome wide association studies (GWAS) can identify AD-associated genetic variants, but is unable to explain their functional relevance in AD. This study aims to characterize AD-associated genetic variants and elucidate the mechanisms leading to AD through a multi-omics approach. Methods GWAS identified an association between genetic variants at 6p21.32 locus and AD. Genotypes of 6p21.32 locus variants were evaluated against LOC100294145 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Their influence on LOC100294145 promoter activity was measured in vitro via a dual-luciferase assay. The function of LOC100294145 was then elucidated through a combination of co-expression analyses and gene enrichment with g:Profiler. Mendelian randomization was further used to assess the causal regulatory effect of LOC100294145 on its co-expressed genes. Results Minor alleles of rs116160149 and rs115388857 at 6p21.32 locus were associated with increased AD risk (p = 2.175 × 10-8, OR = 1.552; p = 2.805 × 10-9, OR = 1.55) and higher LOC100294145 expression in PBMCs (adjusted p = 0.182; 8.267 × 10-12). LOC100294145 expression was also found to be increased in those with AD (adjusted p = 3.653 × 10-2). The genotype effect of 6p21.32 locus on LOC100294145 promoter activity was further validated in vitro. Co-expression analyses predicted LOC100294145 protein's involvement in interleukin-27 and type 1 interferon signaling, which was further substantiated through mendelian randomization. Conclusion Genetic variants at 6p21.32 locus increase AD susceptibility through raising LOC100294145 expression. A multi-omics approach enabled the deduction of its pathogenesis model comprising dysregulation of hub genes involved in type 1 interferon and interleukin 27 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ying Eliza Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wong QYA, Lim JJ, Ng JY, Lim YYE, Sio YY, Chew FT. Sleep and allergic diseases among young Chinese adults from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-Sectional Genetic Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) cohort. J Physiol Anthropol 2024; 43:6. [PMID: 38291494 PMCID: PMC10826209 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-024-00356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Sleep disruption has been shown to affect immune function and thus influence allergic disease manifestation. The specific effects of sleep on allergic diseases, however, are less well-established; hence, in a unique population of young Chinese adults, we investigated the association between sleep and allergic disease. METHODS Young Chinese adults recruited from Singapore in the Singapore/Malaysia Cross-Sectional Genetic Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) were analyzed. We used the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol and a skin prick test to determine atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma status. Information regarding total sleep time (TST) and sleep quality (SQ) was also obtained. RESULTS Of 1558 participants with a mean age of 25.0 years (SD = 7.6), 61.4% were female, and the mean total sleep time (TST) was 6.8 h (SD = 1.1). The proportions of AD, AR, and asthma were 24.5% (393/1542), 36.4% (987/1551), and 14.7% (227/1547), respectively. 59.8% (235/393) of AD cases suffered from AD-related sleep disturbances, 37.1% (209/564) of AR cases suffered from AR-related sleep disturbances, and 25.1% (57/227) of asthma cases suffered from asthma-related sleep disturbances. Only asthma cases showed a significantly lower mean TST than those without asthma (p = 0.015). Longer TST was significantly associated with lower odds of AR (OR = 0.905, 95% CI = 0.820-0.999) and asthma (OR = 0.852, 95% CI = 0.746-0.972). Linear regression analyses showed that lower TST was significantly associated with asthma (β = - 0.18, SE = 0.076, p-value = 0.017), and AR when adjusted for AR-related sleep disturbances (β = - 0.157, SE = 0.065, p-value = 0.016). Only sleep disturbances due to AR were significantly associated with a poorer SQ (OR = 1.962, 95% CI = 1.245-3.089). CONCLUSIONS We found that sleep quality, but not sleep duration was significantly poorer among AD cases, although the exact direction of influence could not be determined. In consideration of the literature coupled with our findings, we posit that TST influences allergic rhinitis rather than vice versa. Finally, the association between TST and asthma is likely mediated by asthma-related sleep disturbances, since mean TST was significantly lower among those with nighttime asthma symptoms. Future studies could consider using objective sleep measurements coupled with differential expression analysis to investigate the pathophysiology of sleep and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yi Ambrose Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Ying Eliza Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Lim JJ, Lim YYE, Ng JY, Malipeddi P, Ng YT, Teo WY, Wong QYA, Matta SA, Sio YY, Wong YR, Teh KF, Rawanan Shah SM, Reginald K, Say YH, Liu MH, Chew FT. Burgers, Fast Foods, and Increased Associated Risk for Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Habits among Young Chinese Adults in Singapore/Malaysia. Dermatology 2023; 240:77-84. [PMID: 37666213 DOI: 10.1159/000533942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We see increasing evidence that dietary and nutrients factors play a pivotal role in allergic diseases and recent global findings suggest that dietary habits influence the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Frequent consumption of fast food diets is associated with AD development. Despite the rising prevalence of AD in Asia, efforts in investigating the role of dietary habits and AD in adults are still lacking. METHODS We evaluated the association between the dietary intake of 16 food types and AD manifestations using our Singapore/Malaysia Cross-sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) population. Dietary habits profiles of 11,494 young Chinese adults (1,550 AD cases/2,978 non-atopic controls/6,386 atopic controls) were assessed by an investigator-administered questionnaire. AD cases were further evaluated for their chronicity (550 chronic) and severity (628 moderate-to-severe). Additionally, we derived a novel food index, Quality of Diet based on Glycaemic Index Score (QDGIS), to examine the association between dietary intake of glycaemic index (GI) and various AD phenotypes. RESULTS The majority of AD subjects are distributed in the good (37.1%) and moderate (36.2%) QDGIS classes. From the multivariable analyses for age and gender, a moderate QDGIS class was significantly associated with a lower odds of AD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.844; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.719-0.991; p < 0.05) and moderate-to-severe AD (AOR: 0.839; 95% CI: 0.714-0.985; p < 0.05). A good QDGIS class was only significantly associated with a lower odds of chronic AD (AOR: 0.769; 95% CI: 0.606-0.976; p < 0.05). Among high GI foods, frequent consumption of burgers/fast food was strongly associated with an increased risk of chronic and moderate-to-severe AD. Among low GI foods, increased intake frequencies of fruits, vegetables, and pulses decreased the odds of AD. Finally, we identified significant associations between frequent seafood, margarine, butter, and pasta consumption with an increased odds of AD despite them having little GI values. CONCLUSION While genetic components are well-established in their risks associated with increased AD prevalence, there is still a lack of a focus epidemiology study associating dietary influence with AD. Based on the first allergic epidemiology study conducted here in Singapore and Malaysia, it laid the groundwork to guide potential dietary interventions from changing personal dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Yi Ying Eliza Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Praneeth Malipeddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yi Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Yi Ambrose Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ru Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Keng Foo Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wong QYA, Lim JJ, Ng JY, Malipeddi P, Lim YYE, Sio YY, Chew FT. An updated prevalence of asthma, its phenotypes, and the identification of the potential asthma risk factors among young Chinese adults recruited in Singapore. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100757. [PMID: 36968625 PMCID: PMC10033744 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway characterized by respiratory symptoms: wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Globally, asthma affects over 300 million individuals and carries high morbidity and mortality burden. Previous studies have estimated the prevalence of asthma; however, prevalence estimates have been changing over time. Here, in a population of young Chinese adults from Singapore, we aimed to obtain an updated prevalence of asthma and its phenotypes, and identify potential associated risk factors. Methods The Singapore/Malaysia Cross-Sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) is an ongoing study which uses established ISAAC guidelines to collect epidemiological data and information pertaining to allergic diseases such as asthma. Responses from young Chinese adults recruited in the National University of Singapore were analyzed. Results Lifetime asthma prevalence rate was estimated at 19.1% (2049/10,736), while current asthma prevalence rate was estimated at 6.3% (679/10,736). For ever asthma, the most important risk factor was a parental history of asthma. Increased consumption of pulses (aOR: 0.822, 95% CI: 0.706-0.958) was associated with a lowered odds of ever asthma, but cereals (aOR: 1.256, 95% CI: 1.006-1.580), pasta (aOR: 1.265, 95% CI: 1.027-1.553), butter (aOR: 1.350, 95% CI: 1.113-1.632), and margarine (aOR: 1.343, 95% CI: 1.081-1.660) were associated with a higher risk of ever asthma. Increased television/computer usage was associated with a decreased risk of ever asthma (aOR: 0.448, 95% CI: 0.367-0.545). Conversely, genetic factors had a lower strength of effect on current asthma (parental history of asthma - OR: 1.465, 95% CI: 1.135-1.888) as compared to ever asthma. Only increased potato consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of current asthma (most or all days per week vs never or only occasionally - aOR: 1.577, 95% CI: 1.145-2.180). Physical activity (aOR: 0.693, 95% CI: 0.542-0.885) was associated with a lower odds of asthma, while second-hand smoke exposure was associated with an increased risk for current asthma (aOR: 1.435, 95% CI: 1.001-2.047). Conclusion Overall, the prevalence of lifetime asthma and current asthma among young Chinese adults was 19.1% and 6.3%, higher than that of previous studies. Our results suggested a stronger association between genetic factors and ever asthma as compared to current asthma. Parental asthma was the most important intrinsic epidemiological factor for asthma manifestation, while various foods, physical activity levels, and television or computer usage were also significantly associated with asthma. Future studies should consider risk factors in conjunction with other accompanying variables given the potential interactions between them, to discern the effects of environment and lifestyle on asthma more distinctly.
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Wong QYA, Lim JJ, Ng JY, Malipeddi P, Teo WY, Lim YYE, Ng YT, Sio YY, Matta SA, Wong YR, Teh KF, Rawanan Shah SM, Reginald K, Say YH, Chew FT. Allergic rhinitis in Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort: Prevalence, patterns, and epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100704. [PMID: 36267097 PMCID: PMC9554817 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by the occurrence of at least 2 symptoms of nasal itching, nasal blockage, rhinorrhea, and sneezing, when not afflicted with a cold or flu, with defined atopic sensitization demonstrated by skin prick test or specific IgE responses. Besides the detriment to standard of living and economic burden of AR, both multicentre and single-cohort studies have observed an increase in AR prevalence in Asia over time. Methods In total, 12 872 individuals, with mean age 22.1 years (SD = 4.8), were recruited from universities in Singapore and Malaysia. Each participant provided epidemiological data based on an investigator-administered questionnaire adapted from the validated International Study of Allergies and Asthma in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol, and atopy status was determined using a skin prick test (SPT) performed by qualified staff. AR was diagnosed according to Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines and a positive SPT result. Results Sensitization (determined by SPT) to either Blomia tropicalis or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was prevalent in 66.5% of the cohort. Current rhinitis (manifesting ≥2 rhinitis symptoms, within the past 12 months) was observed in 48.9% of our population, while AR, which included atopy status, was estimated at 39.4%. Sneezing and rhinorrhea were the most common symptoms among AR cases. AR prevalence decreased with increasing age (OR: 0.979; 95% CI: 0.969-0.989), while male gender (OR: 2.053; 95% CI: 1.839-2.294), and a parental history of allergic diseases (OR: 2.750; 95% CI: 2.284-3.316) were significant risk factors for AR. Upon adjustment for age, gender, and parental history, housing type (OR: 0.632; 95% CI: 0.543-0.736) and income level (>$6000 vs <$2000; OR: 2.461; 95% CI: 2.058-2.947) remained as significant risk factors for AR, while ever having kept a pet (OR: 1.167; 95% CI: 1.025-1.328) emerged as a risk factor. Conflicting results were obtained for indicators of sedentary lifestyle: frequent physical activity (OR: 1.394; 95% CI: 1.150-1.694) and increased duration spent using the TV/computer (OR: 1.224; 95% CI: 1.006-1.489) both increased the risk of AR. Lastly, we used the Quality of Diet based on Glycaemic Index Score (QDGIS) to assess the Glycaemic Index (GI) level of overall diet. We identified lower GI level of overall diet as a protective factor against AR manifestation (OR: 0.682; 95% CI: 0.577-0.807). Conclusion While the previously established non-modifiable risk factors for AR were present in our study population, the identification of modifiable risk factors, such as TV/computer usage, and dietary habits, opens a new area for research, both in the areas of gene-environment interaction, and management of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yi Ambrose Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Yan Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Praneeth Malipeddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Yi Teo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Ying Eliza Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Ru Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Foo Teh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Smyrna Moti Rawanan Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Reginald
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore,Corresponding author. Department of Biological Sciences; Vice Dean, Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, 117543, Singapore
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