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Daood U, Omar H, Qasim S, Nogueira LP, Pichika MR, Mak KK, Steier L, Cky Y, Lin SL, Fawzy AS. New antimicrobial and collagen crosslinking formulated dentin adhesive with improved bond durability. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103927. [PMID: 32957222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we describe a novel formulation, based on quaternary ammonium (QA) and riboflavin (RF), which combines antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities, was investigated. METHODS Experimental adhesives modified with different fractions of dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide quaternary ammonium and riboflavin (QARF) were formulated. Dentine specimens were bonded to resincomposites with control or the experimental adhesives to be evaluated for bond strength, interfacial morphology, micro-Raman analysis, nano-CT and nano-leakage expression. In addition, the antibacterial and biocompatibilities of the experimental adhesives were investigated. The endogenous proteases activities and their molecular binding-sites were studied. RESULTS Modifying the experimental adhesives with QARF did not adversely affect micro-tensile bond strength or the degree of conversion along with the demonstration of anti-proteases and antibacterial abilities with acceptable biocompatibilities. In general, all experimental adhesives demonstrated favourable bond strength with increased and improved values in 1% QARF adhesive at 24 h (39.2 ± 3.0 MPa) and following thermocycling (34.8 ± 4.3 MPa). SIGNIFICANCE It is possible to conclude that the use of QARF with defined concentration can maintain bond strength values when an appropriate protocol is used and have contributed in ensuring a significant decrease in microbial growth of biofilms. Incorporation of 1% QARF in the experimental adhesive lead to simultaneous antimicrobial and anti-proteolytic effects with low cytotoxic effects, acceptable bond strength and interfacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hanan Omar
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health (MOSDOH) - ATSU, USA
| | - Saad Qasim
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O Box - 24923, Kuwait; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liebert P Nogueira
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, P.O Box - 24923, Kuwait; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liviu Steier
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yiu Cky
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seow Liang Lin
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
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